• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2017

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) virus is a causative agent of caprine arthritis-encephalitis. In our previous study we reported a prevalence of CAE. In this study, we described the further detailed pathological features of CAE and examined the detection of virus by in situ hybridization (ISH). Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia and bronchopneumonia in lung, focal inflammation in mammary glands, perivascular cuffing in brain, arthritis, and focal necrosis, mild steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration of liver were noted. CAEV proviral-DNA was identified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood cells, brain, synovial fluid, and lymph node. Confirmation by nested PCR involved amplification of a 296 bp ($1^{st}$ PCR) and 185 bp ($2^{nd}$ PCR) fragments corresponding to a conserved region on the gag gene of CAEV. Positive ISH signals were detected in the brain and liver. In conclusion, significant histopathological findings included parenchymal infection in various organs, including the lung, liver, brain, joint, and mammary gland were noted in the CAEV infected dairy goat. ISH can help confirm the diagnosis of CAE in formalin-fixed samples.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2004년도 추계 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.25-25
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• 2004

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2015

Objective: Codeine may result in death or respiratory depression in children, particularly who are rapid metabolizer of CYP2D6, therefore it should be used cautiously among children under 12 years of age. This study was to investigate the prescribing pattern of codeine among children according to the age group, prescribed diagnosis, type of medical service and medical specialties. Method: We used Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database. Study subjects included inpatients or outpatients, who were prescribed codeine between January, 1, 2011 and December, 31, 2011. Contraindicated use of codeine was defined as the use of codeine at least one times under aged 12. Age groups were subclassified according to the <2 years, 2-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-11 years. Frequently prescribed diagnosis (ICD-10), type of medical service, and medical specialties were also described among codeine users under aged 12. Results: Codeine users were 6,411 inpatients (9,958 prescriptions), and 3,397 outpatients (6,258 prescriptions), respectively. Codeine prescription under 12 years of age were 2.1% (210 prescriptions) among inpatients, and 12.3% (776 prescriptions) among outpatients (p-value<0.05). Outpatient prescriptions of codeine under 12 aged were issued mostly from primary care clinics and frequent diagnosis were unspecified bronchopneumonia (51.6%), and vasomotor rhinitis (23.7%). Conclusion: This study found prescribing of codeine under 12 aged is common in outpatient and primary clinics. Nationwide and community-based efforts should be needed to reduce inappropriate prescribing among children.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review laser acupuncture studies to find possibility for applying high intensity laser to acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Methods : Searching papers was performed using search engines of five electronic databases, including Pubmed, Thomson ISI, EMBASE, Sciencedirect, and EBSCO, from inception to May 2011 without language limitation. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies with human, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and case reports. Selecting papers was performed with titles and abstracts in first step, scrutinize full text in second step, and then the extrated data was analyzed by two authors independently. The methodological quality for RCTs was evaluated using Jadad's scale. Results : Total 8 papers, (3 RCTs, 5 controlld studies, and 1 case reports), were finally selected. The study dealt with surgical laser, argon and $CO_2$ laser was one for each, with GaAs laser was two, and with new semiconductor laser, GaN, were four. The output range was from 110 mW to 15 W. The study diseases were alcohol addiction, knee osteoarthritis, bronchopneumonia and asthma for children, and circulation. All studies reported positive effect. The methodological quality in all RCTs was low because of below 3 points and all studies had few subject numbers. Conclusions : We suggest that high intensity laser can be applied to acupuncture and moxibustion. Further rigorous and well-designed study will be needed for various disease. The oriental medical society needs to take active measures to study and clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment with high intensity laser.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.495-504
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• 2002

Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen in nearly all countries with an extensive pig industry. It is associated with meningitis, arthritis, endocarditis, septicaemia, bronchopneumonia and sudden death. Attempts to control the disease are still hampered the lack of effective vaccines and sensitive diagnostic tools. A PCR method which can be used for the detection of virulent strains of serotype 2, which is most prevalent serotype, and serotype 1 was developed. However, serotype 1, 2, 7 and 9 strains are frequently isolated from diseased pigs. In European countries, S suis serotype 2 is the most prevalent type isolated from diseased pigs, followed by serotype 9 and 1. In Japan, capsular serotype 2 was also the most prevalent serotype, followed by capsular serotype 7. Most of S suis isolated from diseased pigs belong to a limited number of capsular serotype, often those between 1 and 9. We investigated the distribution of S suis serotype 1, 2, 7 and 9 from 740 pig lungs at abattoir in Jeolla and Chungcheong by rapid multiplex PCR assay. Fifty of 740 lung samples, 6.8%, were S suis postitive and identified S suis were divided by 38% (19/50) in serotype 2, 2% (1/50) in serotype 7 and 4% (2/50) in serotype 9. The distribution of S suis serotype in Korea was similar to other countries. Moreover, the multiplex PCR assay may be an useful diagnostic tool for the detection of pigs carrying serotype 1, 2, 7, 1/2, 9 and 14 strains in epidemiological and transmission studies and facilitate control and eradication programs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권10호
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• pp.886-891
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with the novel influenza A (H1N1) in the winter of 2009 at a single medical institution. Methods: Out of 545 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) in children, using the real time RT-PCR method at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from September to December of 2009, 149 patients and their medical records were reviewed in terms of symptoms, laboratory findings, complications and transmission within a family. Results: Median age of subjects was 7 years (range: 2 months-18 years). New cases increased rapidly from September to reach a peak in November, then declined rapidly. Most frequently observed symptoms were fever (96.7%), cough (73.2%), rhinorrhea (36.9%) and sore throat (31.5%). Average body temperatures on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hospital day were $38.75{\pm}0.65^{\circ}C$, $38.08{\pm}0.87^{\circ}C$ and $37.51{\pm}0.76^{\circ}C$, respectively. Complete blood counts and biochemical tests performed on the first admission day showed within the reference values in most cases. Of the 82 patients with simple chest radiography, 18 (22%) had pneumonic lesions; multi-focal bronchopneumonia in eleven, single or multi-segmental lobar pneumonia in five, and diffuse interstitial pneumonia in two patients. All of the 149 patients improved from their symptoms and discharged within 9 days of admission without any late complication. Conclusion: Children with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) at our single institution displayed nonspecific symptoms and laboratory findings, resembling those of common viral respiratory illnesses, and did not appear to develop more severe disease.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the gross lesions of lungs in slaughtered pigs. Pigs were collected from the areas of Kyounggj, Chungbuk, Chungnam and Kangwon provinces from November to December 1999. One hundred-eleven pigs(17.4%) had lung lesions with various degrees among 639 pigs tested. By the standard scoring system, mean score of the lung lesion was 25.6+13.2. Regional prevalence of lung lesions were 23.5%(8/34)) in Kangwon, 17.3%(61/352) in Kyunggi, 15.7%(32/204) in Chungnam and 20.4%(10/49) in Chungbuk. Mean number of pulmonary lesions per pig were 2.87. Most frequent region with pulmonary lesions was right cranial lobe(30.1%) and the decreasing prevalence rates were followed by 23.8% in right middle lobe, 21.05 in right accessory lobe, 15.0% in left cranial lobe, and 5.0% in left middle and accessory lobe(5.0%) and also there was the same prevalent tendency on pulmonary lesions in each lobes of 111 pigs with gross lesion. Isolation rate of bacteria from the affected lungs was 72.1% and main pathogen was Pasteurella multocida. Gross and histological examination of pulmonary lesions in some pigs suggested that there were no marked changes regarded as the correlation with specific diseases except fibropurulent bronchopneumonia which was suspective of some respiratory bacteria including Pasteurella multocida and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia in varying degrees which was strongly associated with mycoplasmal infection. Consequently, the results in the study were suggested that there was consistently exposed against many causative factors including bacteria in the considerable number of pig herds rearing in the middle area in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2004

Ninety pigs under the age of 120-day-old requested at the diagnostic laboratory of animal diseases in Cheju National University were evaluated for the prevalence of tissue antigen and serum antibody to swine influenza virus (SIV). For histopathologic examination there was sampled at the consolidated area in cranioventral or dorsocaudal lobes of lungs. Lung tissues from all pigs were tested for the antigen of SIV type A by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sera from 56 pigs were used for the antibody detection to SIV type A (subtype H1N1 and H3N2) by haemagglutinin inhibition test. Pneumonic lesions were observed in 72 cases (80%) of 90 pigs. Broncho-interstitial or interstitial pneumonia were more prevalent than suppurative or fibrinous bronchopneumonia. According to HI test, 46.4% of the tested sera showed seropositive. Positive sera were consisted with 5.3% for SIV H1N1, 28.6% for SIV H3N2, and 12.5% for both subtype to be tested, respectively. SIV antigens were detected in 51 cases(56.6%) of 90 pigs. Most SIV antigens were presented in the epithelium of the bronchi and bronchiole. Necrotizing bronchitis or bronchiolitis were observed in 28(31.1%) cases of all inspected pigs. These results suggested that SIV might be an important role to induce swine pneumonia in Jeju. Also IHC was very useful for the detection of SIV in the lung.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2008

Background : Anti-reflux procedures treat gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease. It is known that gastroesophageal reflux is likelyrelated to the increased incidence of chronic rejection in lung transplantation recipients. Because experimental animal studies areto verify this, we have tried to make an animal model of GER in a rat. Material and Methods : Using the SD rats weighing 250-300 g, we surgically induced gastroesophageal reflux and measured the gastrostomy time under anesthesia. Of three groups, Group I was the control, Group II had lower esophageal and anterior myotomy, and Group III had lower esophageal and anterior myotomy plusdiaphragmatic crural myotomy.The animals were scarified, and lung biopsies and histological examinations were performed 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 3 months after gastroesophageal reflux surgery. Results : Baseline animals (n=5) had no GER after charcoal instillation through a gastrostomy tube in Group I. Charcoal-laden macrophages were observed in GroupsII and III. To determine evidence of GER evidence, charcoal was instillated through the gastrostomy tube in group III. In contrast, Group II demonstrated severe neurophil infiltration in the bronchioles and alveolar walls after procedure. After 12 weeks, we observed the disappearance of neurophil, lymphocyte and histiocyte infiltration, and also occasional focal bronchopneumonia and bronchitis. Group III demonstrated neurophil and basophil infiltration in the bronchioles and alveolar walls which was more severe than that in Group II. Interstitial fibrotic changes were observed in Group III.Conclusion : The purpose of our gastroesophageal reflux model was to find evidence of aspiration. There was more evidence of aspiration in Group II than in either of theother two groups.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2019

From 1996 to 2014, 14 foals from nine farms in Jeju were diagnosed with a Rhodococcus equi infection. Clinically, most foals showed characteristic respiratory signs, including hyperthermia and dyspnea. The seasonal occurrence of R. equi infection in foals was higher in summer, such as June (eight foals; 57.1%) and July (four foals; 28.6%), than in the other seasons. The major cases of R. equi infections were observed among two-month-old (eight foals; 57.1%) and three-month-old (three foals; 21.4%) foals. Histopathologically, bronchopneumonia, abscess, and granulomatous pneumonia were the most prevalent lesions in the lungs of foals. Colonic ulcers and submucosal abscesses were found in a foal. Some foals showed granulomatous lymphadenitis and abscesses in the mesenteric and other lymph nodes. According to the polymerase chain reaction using 10 tissue samples of foals and nine R. equi isolates, the vapA gene was detected in 11/11 (100%) foals. Immunohistochemical staining using the anti-VapA monoclonal antibody was applied to detect the R. equi VapA antigen in the organs of foals. R. equi VapA antigens were demonstrated in most lungs and some mesenteric and hilar lymph nodes of 13 foals. Isolated virulent R. equi VapA bacteria showed high sensitivity to gentamicin, quinolones, rifampin, and vancomycin.