• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2004

In order to develop a biocontrol agent that can effectively control Fusarium wilt on Cymbidium genus, the effectiveness of antagonistic microbes against the cause pathogen was screened. The selected microbe showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, and the culture broth of this microbe had better preventive effect on Fusarium wilt than the commercial chemical agent in the pot assay. This isolated strain, GBA-12, was identified as Streptomyces kasugaensis, and the antifungal substance was purified from a broth culture of GBA-12. This purified substance was identified as a polyene macrolide (YS-822A) that was newly discovered from Streptomyces kasugaensis, and it exhibited antifungal activity against several phytopathogenic fungi.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2008

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery is one of the invasive procedures for patients with late-stage knee joint disorders. In the present study, economic efficiency was compared between uses of the 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins for the prophylaxis before and after the surgery using frequency analysis in terms of various factors such as medication costs, the number of days of antibiotic use and hospitalization due to TKR surgery. The results showed that the 3rd generation cephalosporins did not reduce the infection rate and total medication costs, but rather raised antibiotic cost in comparison with the 2nd ones. A frequent use of the 3rd ones is closely related to emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Therefore, we suggest that unnecessary prescriptions for the broad spectrum antibiotics should be avoided.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
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• pp.3-6
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• 2000

Antimicrobial resistance has been a well-recognized problem ever since the introduction of penicillin into clinical use. History of antimicrobial development can be categorized based on the major antibiotics that had been developed against emerging resistant $pathogens^1$. In the first period from 1940 to 1960, penicillin was a dominating antibiotic called as a "magic bullet", although S.aureus armed with penicillinase led antimicrobial era to the second period in 1960s and 1970s. The second stage was characterized by broad-spectrum penicillins and early generation cephalosporins. During this period, nosocomial infections due to gram-negative bacilli became more prevalent, while those caused by S.aureus declined. A variety of new antimicrobial agents with distinct mechanism of action including new generation cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, ${\beta}$-lactamase inhibitors, and quinolones characterized the third period from 1980s to 1990s. However, extensive use of wide variety of antibiotics in the community and hospitals has fueled the crisis in emerging antimicrobial resistance. Newly appeared drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), extended-spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase-producing Klebsiella, and VRSA have posed a serious threat in many parts of the world. Given the recent epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance and its clinical impact, there is no greater challenge related to emerging infections than the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Problems of antimicrobial resistance can be amplified by the fact that resistant clones or genes can spread within or between the species as well as to geographically distant areas which leads to a global concern$^2$. Antimicrobial resistance is primarily generated and promoted by increased use of antimicrobial agents. Unfortunately, as many as 50 % of prescriptions for antibiotics are reported to be inappropriate$^3$. Injudicious use of antibiotics even for viral upper respiratory infections is a universal phenomenon in every part of the world. The use of large quantities of antibiotics in the animal health industry and farming is another major factor contributing to selection of antibiotic resistance. In addition to these background factors, the tremendous increase in the immunocompromised hosts, popular use of invasive medical interventions, and increase in travel and mixing of human populations are contributing to the resurgence and spread of antimicrobial resistance$^4$. Antimicrobial resistance has critical impact on modem medicine both in clinical and economic aspect. Patients with previously treatable infections may have fatal outcome due to therapeutic failure that is unusual event no more. The potential economic impact of antimicrobial resistance is actually uncountable. With the increase in the problems of resistant organisms in the 21st century, however, additional health care costs for this problem must be enormously increasing.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.260-263
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• 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection of the subcutaneous tissue that results in destruction of the fascia and is disproportionately common in patients with chronic liver disease or diabetes. Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is rare, but has a high fatality rate. A 50-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes reported a chief complaint of a wound in the posterior neck due to trauma. The wound had grown and was accompanied by pus and redness, and the patient had a fever. When the patient was referred to department of plastic & reconstructive surgery, the sternocleidomastoid muscle, semispinalis capitis muscle, splenius capitis muscle, and trapezius muscles were exposed, and the size of the defect was about 25×20 cm. Dead tissue resection was performed before negative-pressure wound therapy, followed by a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). After a 2-week course of aseptic dressing post-STSG, the patient recovered completely. No postoperative complications were observed for 1 year. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening, rapidly spreading infection, requiring early diagnosis and active surgical treatment. In addition, broad-spectrum antibiotics are required due to the variety of types of causative bacteria. Broad necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior neck is rare, but can quickly progress into a life-threatening stage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

Pneumonia is frequently encountered in the clinical fields, both as a cause for admission and as a complication of the underlying disorder or as the course of treatment. Pneumonia is the second most common hospital-acquired infection and is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates among hospital-acquired infections. The guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia by the American Thoracic Society include identifying individuals who have recently received antibiotics therapy or have been in medical facilities; these individuals are at higher risk for infection with multiple drug resistant organisms. Individuals, who have acquired pneumonia according to this clinical scenario, have what is known as healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). Patients with HCAP should be considered to have potentially drug-resistant pathogens and should receive broad spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy directed at the potentially resistant organisms. In this paper, the diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of HCAP are discussed.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.128-131
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• 2019

Acute supraglottitis is characterized by an inflammation and edema of the supraglottic region and a potential life-threatening condition because of its risk for sudden upper airway compromise. Prompt diagnosis, administration of broad spectrum antibiotics, and airway management is pivotal for reducing serious complications. In the immunocompromised host, microorganisms are more likely to elicit mucosal inflammations, thus clinicians should pay attention to those patients for prompt removal of the causes of immune disruption. Here we report a case of acute adult supraglottitis with neutropenia caused by anti-thyroid drug with a review of the related literatures.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Invasive Candida infections (ICI) have become the third most common cause of late-onset infection among premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Risk factors include birth weight less than 1,000 g, exposure to more than two antimicrobials, third generation cephalosporin exposure, parenteral nutrition including lipid emulsion, central venous catheter, and abdominal surgery. Candida colonization of the skin and gastrointestinal tract is an important first step in the pathogenesis of invasive disease. Strict infection control measures against the infection should be done in the NICU. The following practices are likely to contribute to reducing the rate of ICI: (1) restriction of broad-spectrum antibiotics, antacids and steroid; (2) introduction of early feeding and promoting breast milk. Fluconazole prophylaxis may be an effective control measure to prevent Candida colonization and infections in individual units with high incidence of fungal infection. In addition, there is a need of further data including the development of resistant strains and the effect on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants exposed to drugs before the initiation of routine application of antifungal prophylaxis in the NICU.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.232-234
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• 2007

We describe the extrusion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter from the anus after double perforation of the large bowel in a 3-year-old girl with hydrocephalus. She was admitted because the tip of the peritoneal catheter protruded 10 cm from the anus and clear cerebrospinal fluid dripped from the tip. Emergency laparotomy was performed. The distal peritoneal catheter perforated and penetrated the sigmoid colon and re-perforated into the rectal cavity. The distal peritoneal catheter was removed, the proximal catheter was exposed for external drainage, and intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered for 2 weeks. After control of infection, the shunt system was completely removed. Bowel perforation by a peritoneal catheter is a rare complication. Diagnosis is often difficult, delayed, and its incidence is likely underestimated. Most bowel perforation is the result of infection as opposed to technical errors.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.669-671
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• 2000

Antimicrobial cationic peptides have attracted increasing research and clinical interest as a natural antibiotics due to their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activites and the rapid development of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, first, we synthesized artificial fusion partner and cationic peptide genes (lactoferricin, magainin, protegrin-1, and indolicidin). Second, we constructed recombinant expression vectors and then transformed Pichia pastoris. Finally, expressed cationic peptides were purified and tested for their antimicrobial activites. Antimicrobial activity has been tested upon the appearance of clearing zone on the plate with the lawn of gram negative E.coli XL- I blue and garm positive Staphylococcus aureus. Protegrin-1 and Indolicidin have apparant activity of cationic peotides. This fusion technique may lead to a general and suitable tool for production of pure antimicrobial cationic peptides in Pichia pastoris.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.385-388
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• 2011

Fungal infections are rarely responsible for arthritis. Few cases of fungal arthritis have been reported, even in immunocompromised hosts susceptible to low-virulence organisms. Herein, the authors report the first case of Candida tropicalis arthritis in a child with a solid tumor. A 13-year-old boy with Ewing's sarcoma developed arthritis in his elbow during the neutropenic period after chemotherapy. Despite treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, his condition did not improve and serial blood cultures failed to reveal any causative organisms. After surgical drainage, culture of the joint fluid revealed the presence of C. tropicalis. Itraconazole treatment was started and after 3 months of therapy, the patient completely recovered full elbow function.