• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1993

This study was conducted to obtain necessary informations for improving of wildlife rearing management. The data was gathered by surveying with questionaire. One hundred and eighty farmers which was 60 of deer and pheasant, 30 of wild boar and fox rearing farmers respectively were investigated during the summer in 1992. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Most of managers considered their rearing as a side job but agriculture was appointed as a main job from most of them except wild boar managers. 2. The major cost items were breeding stock and feeding which occupied over than half. 3. The yearly profit was the highest in deer(25.5%) but the lowest in wild boar(10.3%). 4. The break-even point was the highest in wild boar(24 mil. won) but the lowest in pheasant(7.3 mil. won). 5. The optimum sales scale for a year was deer(11 heads), Pheasant(1,027 heads), Wild boar(69 heads) and Fox (102 heads).

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2020

This study investigated the effect of different light sources in the poultry house on performance, meat quality, and blood composition of finishing broilers. Two hundred and forty male broilers (1-day-old, 42.2±0.1 g) were divided into three groups and subjected to different light source treatments (incandescent, LED, and fluorescent lamps) from 3 weeks of age (four replications/treatment, 20 birds/replication). After breeding for 6 weeks, the carcass yield and meat quality of broilers with similar body weight (BW; 3.4±0.07 kg) were investigated, and blood components were analyzed. Corn-soybean meal-based feed was provided as starter (CP 22.5%, ME 3,020 kcal/kg), early (CP 18.5%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), and finishing (CP 18%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg). Performance, carcass yield, meat quality, and blood components were evaluated. BW, BW gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio did not show any significant differences among treatments. There was no significant difference on live weight and carcass yield among treatments. There was no significant difference on meat color, shear force, and water holding capacity; however, cooking loss at 17.2% was the highest in the LED treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on blood components except for glucose (blood biochemistry component) among treatments. Glucose was 234.5 mg/dL, 256.9 mg/dL, and 250.1 mg/dL in the three treatments, respectively, with a significant difference between incandescent and LED treatments (P<0.05). These results are used useful as basic data for investigating the effect of lighting in broilers production.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.381-387
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• 2010

To find offspring of Jeju Black cattle (JBC) produced by embryo transfer (ET) and artificial insemination (AI), a molecular genetic study was carried out in candidate cattle populations collected from cattle farms in Jeju Island, Korea. The genetic marker set was composed of 11 ISAG microsatellite (MS) markers, 11 SAES MS markers selected by our preliminary analysis for population diversity of JBC and two major coat color related genes: MC1R and ASIP. The results showed a combined non-exclusion probability for first parent (NE-P1) that was higher than that recommended by ISAG (above 0.9995), and a combined non-exclusion probability for sib identity of $5.3{\times}10^{-10}$. Parentage analysis showed that the cases identified the candidate's father only (77.0%), mother only (54.0%), and both parents (40.5%) in the candidate offspring population. The ET and AI calves were identified as 14.7% in the in vitro fertilized eggs provided and 32.4% in total population, respectively. However, the result from ISAG marker analysis showed 3 identical allele-combinations in 7 calves, and that from ISAG/SAES MS marker combination also showed 1 identical allele-combination in 2 calves. Data from MS and coat-color gene analyses provided information for complete identification of all animals tested. Because the present JBC population was mostly bred using small nuclear founders through bioengineering techniques such as AI and ET, the genetic diversity levels obtained from MS analysis in the JBC population were relatively lower than those of other cattle populations, including Hanwoo. The results suggested that the more efficient marker combinations, including coat color related genotypes, should be studied and used for constructing a system for identification and molecular breeding of JBC as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify factors involved in rooting of Japanese larch cuttings. Cuttings were taken every week from June 24th to July 25th before and after the 10th of July which supposed to be best time for cutting. The content of IAA, carbohydrate, nitrogen and inorganic elements such as $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ within cutting materials were analyzed. After the cuttings were planted, the root development was observed every week. Cuttings of easy-to-root clones were higher in IAA contents than the cuttings of hard-to-root clones at the time of cuttings were taken. There were significant differences in moisture content of cuttings taken on June 24th and July 25th between easy-to-root and hard-to-root clones, however no significant differences in moisture contents were observed between them taken on the 8th and 15th of July which supposed to be the best time for cutting. Inorganic matters and carbohydrate contents of cuttings taken from hedged trees were higher than those of non-hedged trees. The ratios K/C and C/N of cuttings taken from hedged trees were higher than those of non-hedged trees. Cuttings taken from easy-to-root clones showed higher content of carbohydrate and nitrogen than those of hard-to-root clones. The contents of inorganic elements, such as $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $K^+$, and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ in cutting taken from hard-to-root clones were slightly higher than that of easy-to-root clones. The ratio C/N and K/C of cuttings which were taken from easy-to-root clones have shown a similar trend of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These data indicate that there was no one dominant factor that affect rooting of cutting, but many factors such as contents of IAA, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphate, and ratios of C/N and K/C appeared to affect on rooting of cuttings variously. Most of root initials were formed from phloem tissue within one week after cutting, and few were formed from callus tissue. Root primordia were developed from root initials within two weeks after cutting, and most of new roots were developed from root primordia within about five weeks after cutting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.663-674
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• 2019

Birds are effective ecological indicators but there is no national protocol in place to monitor population dynamics of forest birds in Korea. To support the establishment of future monitoring protocols, we compared the results of two generally used monitoring methods for forest bird surveys in two temperate mixed forests in central Korea. There was no statistical difference in the number of species and individuals detected per unit survey effort when comparing line transects and point counts. The number of species and individuals were higher in a five-minute count than in a three-minute point count, but the total accumulated number of expected observed species showed no difference between the two count durations. The number of observed species and individuals increased in both methods as plot radius or transect width increased, suggesting that multi-layer or multi-band surveys may be useful for quantitative and qualitative objectives. The decreasing number of observed species and individuals after sunrise suggested that bird monitoring should be conducted earlier in the morning, within four hours after sunrise. To detect 70% of the total number of species, 7.0 to 7.6 survey hours, equivalent to 42 three-minute counts (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26 to 61) or 33 five-minute counts (95% CI: 19 to 53) were needed for unlimited radius point counts. On the other hand, 4.8 survey hours, equivalent to 26 line transect counts (95% CI: 15 to 45) using 200-m transects with unlimited width, were required to achieve the same level of species detection. Therefore, the line transect method may be more effective than the point count method, at least in terms of local species richness assessment. For national forest bird monitoring, our data indicated that one or both survey methods can be selected as a basic protocol, based on the goals and scales of monitoring, forest types, and the conditions of the target areas.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1987

The study was conducted to determine the main effects of breed, sire, parity, farrowing year and month on preweaning body weight and postweaning traits. The data analysis were the record of 253 male pigs produced from 54 boars of Landrace, Hampshire, Large Yorkshire and Duroc purebreds at National Animal Breeding Institute from 1978 to 1983. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1. The effect of breed on preweaning body weight was highly significant at 1% level for body weight at birth, 21 days and 56days, and effect of parity was highly significant at 1% level for body weight at 56 days. 2. On preweaning body weight by breed, Duroc was superior with $1.593{\pm}0.001Kg$ for body weight at birth, and Landrace was superior with $6.227{\pm}0.199$ and $18.590{\pm}0.493Kg$ for body weight at 21 days and 56 days, respectively. 3. The effect of breed on postweaning traits were highly signicant at 1% level for average daily gain, feed efficiency, backfat thickness and days to 90Kg, and the effect of parity was significant at 5% level for backfat thickness. 4. On postweaning traits by breed, Duroc was superior with $876.275{\pm}8.198g$ and $2.754{\pm}0.198$ for average daily gain and feed efficiency, respectively, and Hampshire was thin with $1.969{\pm}0.198$ em for backfat thickness.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1987

The study was conducted to estimate the heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations on preweaning body weight and postweaning traits. The data analysis were the record of 253 male pigs produced from 54 boars of Landrace, Hampshire, Large Yorkshire and Duroc purebreds raised at National Animal Breeding Institute from 1978 to 1983. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. 1. The heritabilities of body weight at birth, 21days and 56days were $0.233{\pm}0.160$, $0.485{\pm}0.185$ and $0.758{\pm}0.214$, respectively, and the heritabilities estimated on postweaning traits were $0.270{\pm}0.164$ for average daily gain, $0.350{\pm}0.174$ for feed requirement, $0.272{\pm}0.165$ for backfat thickness, $0.887{\pm}0.221$ for days to 90Kg and $0.565{\pm}0.195$ for selection index. 2. Genetic correlations of body weight at birth with 21 days and 56 days were 0.349 and 0.19& and body weight at 21 days with 56 days was 0.907, and daily gain with feed requirement, backfat thickness, days to 90 Kg and selection index were -0.552, 0.107, -0.903 and 0.716, and feed requirement with backfat thickness, days to 90Kg and selection index were -0.058, 0.699 and -0.942, and backfat thickness with days to 90 Kg and selection index were -0.237 and -0.025, respectively. 3. Phenotypic correlations of body weight at birth with 21 days and 56 days were 0.342 and 0.287, and body weight at 21 days with 56 days was 0.893 and daily gain with feed requirement, backfat thickness, days to 90Kg and selection index were -0.062, 0.093, -0.651 and 0.540, and feed requirement with backfat thickness, days to 90Kg and selection index were 0.105, 0.601 and -0.613, and backfat thickness with days to 90Kg and selection index were -0.040, -0.416, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1994

This study was conducted to estimate the genetic and environmental effects on lactation yield and milk compositions in Holstein cows. The data analysis were the records of 159 cows rearing at Nation Animal Breeding Institute from 1990 to 1991. The least square means were estimated on milk and fat yield in lactation yield, and the percent of fat, protein, solids-not-fat and total solid in milk composition. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The average yield of milk and fat in 305 days were $7,26.56{\pm}3,57.24$ and $254.65{\pm}44.94Kg$ and the percent of fat, protein, solids-not-fat and total solid were $3.69{\pm}0.43$, $3.32{\pm}0.41$, $9.15{\pm}0.49$ and $12.75{\pm}0.96$ and the coefficients of variation were 18.68, 17.64, 11.88 and 12.34% for milk yield, fat yield, fat percent and protein percent, respectively. 2. The effect of sires was highly significant at 1% level in milk and fat yield and fat percent, and significant at 5% level in protein and total solid percent. Among the sires, B, L and O sire were superior in milk yield with 7,571.22, 7,499.11 and 7,420.58 Kg, and A, F and K sire were superior in protein percent with 3.75, 3.64 and 3.65, respectively. 3. The effect of parity was highly significant at 1% level in milk yield, and significant at 5% level in fat yield. Among the parities, the 3rd parity was superior in milk and fat yield with 7,634.54 and 274.98 Kg, and the 4th and over was superior in fat and protein percent with 3.90 and 3.50, respectively. 4. The effect of calving seasons was highly significant at 1% level in milk yield, and significant at 5% level in fat yield, and the percent of fat, protein and total solid. Among the calving seasons, spring and winter were superior in milk yield with 7,310.31 and 7,364.57 Kg, also spring and winter were superior in protein percent with 3.68 and 3.52, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.61-62
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• 2003

Clonal propagation of high-value forest trees through somatic embryogenesis (SE) has the potential to rapidly capture the benefits of breeding or genetic engineering programs and to improve raw material uniformity and quality. A major barrier to the commercialization of this technology is the low quality of the resulting embryos. Several factors limit commercialization of SE for Corsican pine, including low initiation rates, low culture survival, culture decline causing low or no embryo production, and inability of somatic embryos to fully mature, resulting in low germination and reduced vigour of somatic seedlings. The objective was to develop a Corsican pine maturation medium that would produce cotyledonary embryos capable of germination. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and significant differences between treatments determined by multiple range test at P=0.05. Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima) cultures were initiated on modified !P6 medium. Modifications of the same media were used for culture multiplication and maintenance. Embryogenic cultures were maintained on the same medium semi solidified with 2.5 g/l Gelrite. A maturation medium, capable of promoting the development of Corsican pine somatic embryos that can germinate, is a combination of iP6 modified salts, 2% maltose, 13% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 5 mg!l abscisic acid (ABA), and 2.5 g/l Gelrite. After initiation and once enough tissue developed they were grown in liquid medium. Embryogenic cell suspensions were established by adding 0.951.05 g of 10- to 14-day-old semisolid-grown embryogenic tissue to 9 ml of liquid maintenance media in a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. Cultures were then incubated in the dark at 2022$^{\circ}$C and rotated at 120 rpm. After 2.53 months on maturation medium, somatic embryos were selected that exhibited normal embryo shape. Ten embryos were placed horizontally on 20 ml of either germination medium ($\frac{2}{1}$strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts with 2.5 g/l activated charcoal) or same medium with copper sulphate adjusted to 0.25 mg/1 to compensate for copper adsorption by activated carbon. 2% and 4% maltose was substituted by 7.5% and 13% PEG respectively to improve the yield of the embryos. Substitution of' maltose with PEG was clearly beneficial to embryo development. When 2% of the maltose was replaced with 7.5% PEG, many embryos developed to large bullet-shaped embryos. At latter stages of development most embryos callused and stopped development. A few short, barrel-shaped cotyledonary embryos formed that were covered by callus on the sides and base. When 4% of the maltose was removed and substituted with 13% PEG, the embryos developed further, emerging from the callus and increasing yield slightly. Microscopic examination of the cultures showed differing morphologies, varying from mostly single cells or clumps to well-formed somatic embryos that resembled early zygotic embryos only liquid cultures with organized early-stag. A procedure for converting and acclimating germinants to growth in soil and greenhouse conditions is also tested. Seedling conversion and growth were highly related to the quality of the germinant at the time of planting. Germinants with larger shoots, longer, straighter hypocotyls and longer roots performed best. When mature zygotic embryos germinate the root emerges, before or coincident with the shoot. In contrast, somatic embryos germinate in reverse sequence, with the cotyledons greening first, then shoot emergence and then, much later, if at all, the appearance of the root. Somatic seedlings, produced from the maturation medium, showed 100% survival when planted in a field setting. Somatic seedlings showed normal yearly growth relative to standard seedlings from natural seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2012

Agronomic characteristics of 150 adzuki bean ($Vigna$ $angularis$ W.F. Wight) germplasm collected in Korea were investigated in order to establish basic data for the improvement of crop breeding. Growth types were classified as 3 types of indeterminate type, determinate type, and semideterminate type, of which indeterminate type was the highest percentage of 96.6%. Seed color were classified as 8 colors of which dark brown took 66.5% in 150 adzuki bean germplasm. Days from seeding to maturity showed the range from 89 to 142 days with 115 days in the average and the highest frequency proportion was 37.2% of the group from 131 to 140 days, and the next was 27.3% of the group from 121 to 130 days among 150 germplasm. Pod length showed the range from 5.9 to 10.1 cm with 7.8 cm in the average and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 7.1 to 8.0 cm with the proportion of 45.1% and the next was the group from 8.1 to 9.0 cm with the proportion of 32.2%. Number of pods per plant showed the range from 5.0 to 132.5 pods with 28.5 pods in the average and the highest frequency distribution of it was the group from 11.0 to 20.0 pods with the proportion of 30.8% and the next was the group from 21.0 to 30.0 pods with the proportion of 28.6%. Number of seeds per pod showed the range from 5.3 to 11.3 seeds with 8.2 seeds in the average and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 7.1 to 8.0 seeds, which occupied 32.2% among 150 germplasm. 89.3% of 150 germplasm showed the resistance to shattering of grains at harvest period. 100 grain weight showed the range from 5.7 to 23.0 g with 12.9 g in the average and the highest frequency proportion of it was the group from 9.01 to 13.0 g, which occupied 43.3% and the next was the group from 13.01 to 17.00 g with the proportion of 28.5% of 150 germplasm.