• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the present situation of broiler breeder industry, and to investigate some problems related to it in Korea. The number of broiler breeding farms were 231 in 1990. It peaked to 264 in 1992, but decreased afterward to 232 in 1995. The number of broiler parent stock were over 4 millions since 1992 except in 1993. The number of commercial chicks produced per breeding hen was around 100, which is far below to the suggested values of breeding companies. The number of hatching eggs produced per breeding hen were 168 eggs in US, 156~170 eggs in Thailand, and 160~170 eggs in China. Factors involved in the lowered performances of broiler parent stock in Korea appear to be 1) the poor isolation of breeding farms from commercial broiler farms, causing easy contamination with various diseases, 2) the failure to provide proper environment to the breeder, and 3) the failure to control body weight during laying periods.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2016

본 연구는 브로일러, 육용종계 노계와 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 염지된 산란노계 가슴살의 보수력은 브로일러와 육용종계 노계와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 염지 수율은 산란노계 가슴살이 브로일러와 육용종계 노계보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였고(P<0.05), 최종 수율은 육용종계 노계 가슴살 햄이 가장 높은 수율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 육용종계 노계 가슴살 햄의 명도와 적색도는 산란노계보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으며(P<0.05), 브로일러와 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 황색도는 육용종계 노계보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 전단력은 유의적으로 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 브로일러와 육용종계 노계 가슴살 햄의 연도와 전체적인 기호도는 산란노계보다 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 다즙성이 가장 낮은 값을 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 육용종계 노계와 산란노계 가슴살을 이용하여 다양한 조직감의 노계 햄을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2000

This work was designed to investigate the performances of broiler breeder hens upon the addition were vitamin and mineral supplements in feeds. Animals were divided into for feed groups such as control, T$_1$,T$_2$and T$_3$, and each treatment has four replications. All broiler breeder hens were housed individually, and were fed with identical iso-metaboilic energy and iso-protein, except for vitamins and minerals. Different sources and levels of vitamins and minerals were added to the basic feeds according to the treatments. At the end of the experiments, general laying rate(hen days), average egg weight, hatching egg laying rate(Hen day) every day. Hatching egg weight, sterility, embryo mortality, hatching rate and chick weight were examined. Although, early laying rate in all treatment groups were reduced during cold term management, general egg laying rate was increased only T$_3$group which was contanining vitamin C. However, similar results were obtained in the rates of general and hatching egg laying. General egg laying rate were somewhat higher of Control, T$_2$and T$_3$ groups than that of T$_1$group. In addition, the laying rates of general and hatching eggs slightly improved in the T$_3$group rather than those of Control group. Egg weight was reduced with the increasing of laying rate, showing the highest in the T$_3$group. The laying rate showed significantly lower value than those of any other groups. Egg weight was about 65g in T$_3$group. The results of hatching performance for production ability of Broiler breeder hens were fed experimental diet, although the rates of non-hatched and hatched eggs increased in order of Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups. However, the rate of embryo mortality was declined in order Control, T$_1$T$_2$and T$_3$groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2005

A feeding trial was conducted to determine whether dietary vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) prevent any drops in egg shell quality under heat stress in broiler breeder hens. One hundred and sixty molted Ross broiler breeders were housed randomly in an individual cage at 83 weeks of age. Four dietary treatments with forty hens and four replications per treatment were control (no additional vitamins), vitamin C-, or vitamin E-supplemented and combined supplementation of the two vitamins. After a tenday-adaptation period at 25$^{\circ}C$, the ambient temperature was kept at 32$^{\circ}C$ for a three-week-testing period. Egg production dropped dramatically over week but it did not show a significant change among treatments (p<0.05). However, egg quality parameters such as egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness, SWUSA, puncture force and shell breaking strength from the birds fed the diet with the combined vitamins C and E were significantly improved over those of the control group during the heat stress period (p<0.05). The hens fed the vitamin C diet improved tibia breaking strength (37.16 kg), statistically higher than the birds fed the control and the vitamin E diets (p<0.05). The hens fed the control diet showed higher serum corticosterone levels, a mean of 5.97 ng/ml, than those of the other treatments (p<0.05). The heat stress resulted in elevated heterophils and decreased lymphocytes in serum, increasing the H/L ratios for all the treatments. However, the increases in H/L ratios were alleviated by feeding the diets containing vitamin C alone or together with vitamin E, although there were no significant differences in the ratio between the two groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, vitamins C (200 mg/kg) and/or E (250 mg/kg) supplemented to the diets for broiler breeder hens could prevent drops in egg shell quality and tibia bone strength under highly stressful environmental temperatures.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2010

Poultry welfare has recently appeared as worldwide concern as well as Korea. The recent action plan for farm animal welfare introduced by the European Commission intends to expand the body of regulatory standards. In this context, many countries and/or organization are on the verge of establishing the most optimum poultry welfare standards. To establish the most optimum standards, comparative analysis of feeding regimen before and after welfare-bestowed environment need to be preceded. Most guidelines or standards for poultry welfare do not suggest the nutritional requirements and feeding system in detail, although it is deterimental especially for the farmer. This review intends to find scientific base to establish detailed welfare feeding guidelines. However, only limited research has been conducted in the view of actual poultry welfare. The results indicated the incidence of SDS, ascites, skeletal dysfunctions caused by fast growth rate in broiler, feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hen, and feed restriction in broiler breeder could be reduced by changing nutritional regimen and feeding strategies or both. The regimen and feeding strategies are certainly near to the direction that the poultry welfare ought to be in the right track. In this article, feeding and drinking guidelines in many standards as well as welfare feeding experiments have been reviewed and compared In the view of chicken productivity, welfare physiology and poultry health.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2017

A dose-response experiment was conducted to determine the lysine requirement for broiler breeder hens during pre-peak production. Totally, one hundred and twenty-six flock 23-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder hens with similar body weight were selected ($2,188{\pm}32g$) for a 6-week experiment. Hens were fed with a basal diet of corn-wheat-soybean meal formulated to achieve the Ross 308 breeder nutrient specifications (2016), except for lysine. The 7 graded, daily lysine intake levels used in this experiment were 732, 785, 838, 891, 944, 997, and 1,050 mg, and hens were restricted to 133 g of feed throughout this experiment. Pen based egg production were recorded once a day and all eggs were weighed daily. Age at sexual maturity was determined when the hens attained age at 25% production. Body weight at 23~29 weeks of age was not affected (P>0.05) by lysine levels. By fitting a linear-plateau model, the daily lysine requirements for feed conversion ratio, total produced egg weight, and age at sexual maturity at 23~29 weeks of age were estimated as 865, 907, and 891 mg, respectively. Using a quadratic-plateau model, the daily lysine requirement at 23~29 weeks of age were estimated as 974, 964, and 950 mg for feed conversion ratio, total produced egg weight, and age at sexual maturity, respectively. These results suggested that the daily lysine requirement for modern broiler breeder hens according to the National Research Council (1994) are insufficient for higher total produced egg weight, sexual maturity, and feed efficiency, and 120% of the NRC recommendation level would improve hen productivity when data are fitted under linear- and quadratic-plateau models.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

본 연구는 토종 종계의 육성기 체중과 산란 능력 간의 연관성을 규명하고자 성숙 이전 주령별 체중과 이들의 초산일령, 산란율 및 난중과의 상관 관계를 분석하였다. 공시계는 (주)한협원종이 보유한 신품종 토종 종계 1,384수로써 발생부터 20주령까지의 체중과 초산일령, 초산이후 50주령까지의 일계 산란율 및 산란지수, 32주령 및 50주령 난중을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 분석 결과, 육성 초기 체중과 초산일령 간에는 정(positive)의 상관이, 육성 후기 체중과 초산일령 간에는 부(negative)의 상관이 나타났다. 육성기 체중과 일계 산란율 및 산란지수 간에는 비슷한 상관계수를 보이고, 육성전기 체중과 산란율 간에는 부의 상관이, 육성 후기 체중과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 육성기 체중과 32주령 난중 간에는 거의 상관 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 50주령 난중과는 낮은 정의 상관을 보였다. 결론적으로 토종 종계에 있어서 8주령 이전까지의 육성 초기 체중과 산란 능력 간에는 거의 연관성이 없는 것으로 보여지고, 12주령 이후 육성 후기 체중과 산란 능력 간에는 정의 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 육성 후기 때 병아리의 체중이 증가할수록 성 성숙이 빠르고, 산란율도 높고 난중도 증가함을 시사한다. 따라서 토종 종계 모계의 경우 육성 후기 병아리의 체중 관리가 매우 중요하고, 이때 종계들의 체중이 표준 체중 이상이 되도록 유지하여야 한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2020

The production performance of broiler breeder hens in response to different levels of total lysine during the early laying period was investigated. A total of 126 Ross 308 parent stock hens were offered one of seven dietary treatments formulating elevated contents of total lysine ranging from 0.55% to 0.79% (0.04 scale; 133 g of feed) from 23 to 29 weeks of age. Each treatment had six replicates with three birds per pen. Body weight was recorded triweekly and eggs were collected and weighted at 9:00 am daily. One hen from each pen was euthanized to collect blood samples and visceral organs were harvested and weighed. Egg production, egg weight and egg mass were lower (p < 0.05) in hens offered a diet containing 0.55% total lysine compared to those fed the diet containing higher total lysine. Hens offered a diet containing 0.71%, 0.75%, and 0.79% total lysine had greater (p = 0.008) egg production rate compared to those offered a diet containing lysine less than 0.71%. The number of total eggs produced tended to be greater (p = 0.083) in hens offered a diet containing 0.71 and 0.75% total lysine compared to the other treatments. The number of settable egg production was higher (p < 0.001) in hens offered a diet contacting 0.79% total lysine compared to those fed the diet containing lower levels of total lysine. The relative weights of oviduct and ovary were lower (p < 0.05) in hens offered a diet containing 0.59% total lysine compared to the other treatments. No difference found in body weight, the number of total eggs, double-yolk eggs and abnormal shell eggs among the treatments. The urea nitrogen, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in plasma were not affected by treatments. Based on linear- and quadratic-plateau models, total lysine requirements for egg production, settable egg production and egg mass at the early laying period were to be 0.73%, 0.77%, and 0.71%, respectively. Modern broiler breeder hens likely require higher total lysine than NRC recommendation in a diet for enhancing productivity during the early-laying period.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

희토(稀土) 또는 rare earth(RE)라고 하는 것은 15개 란탄족 원소와 이트륨(Y) 그리고 스칸듐(Sc)을 합친 17개 원소를 총칭하는 화학 용어이다. 일부 희토 원소들의 생화학적 작용과 생물학적 기능이 인정됨에 따라, 산란계와 종계에 대한 급여 효과와 급여 수준을 알아보기 위하여 평사에서 산란초기 육계 종계(Ross SP) 16,231수를 대상으로 염화 희토 혼합물$(RECl_3)$을 가지고 30주 동안 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험에서 희토 사료 첨가는 300 mg/kg와 600 mg/kg, 두 수준이었는데, 후자는 여러 가지 시험 결과로 미루어 적정 첨가 수준을 초과하는 양으로 생각되었으며, 희토 300 mg/kg의 사료 첨가는 종계의 생산 능력을 크게 개선할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다 희토 급여 초기 약간의 스트레스가 있는 듯 하였으나, 피크 산란율에 도달하는 기간을 단축하고, 피크 산란율을 높게 그리고 길게 지속하는 효과가 있었으며, 산란 곡선의 탄력을 좋게 유지하였다. 희토 300 mg/kg의 사료 첨가는 부화에 이용할 수 있는 종란 생산을 3.5% 정도 증가시켰다. 또 하나 관찰된 괄목한 만한 결과는 희토가 종계의 폐사율을 크게 감소시켰다는 사실이다. 희토 사료 첨가는 숫 종계 폐사율을 33.2% 그리고 암 종계 폐사율을 46.5% 감소시키었다. 희토의 난질에 대한 괄목할 만한 효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 난각의 색이나 두께와 강도, 난황색 등은 대조구나 처리구 간에 차이가 없었고, 난중, 난백고, Haugh unit등은 유의하게(P<0.05)는 개선되는 경향을 나타냈다. 희토 급여의 수정을 및 부화율에 대한 본 시험의 결과는 기대했던 바와 같은 개선은 없었다. 34주령, 38주령, 그리고 50주령 모두 3회에 걸쳐 부화 시험을 실시하였는데, 38주령 때에만 소폭 유의한 수정율과 부화율 증가가 나타났고(P<0.05), 전체적으로는 대구나 희토를 급여한 것이나 차이가 없었다. 이 현상은 희토를 급여하지 않은 대조구의 계군에는 숫 종계 폐사율이 높아 대조구에는 혈기 왕성한 젊은 수탉이 지속적으로 편입된 반면, 희토를 급여한 계군에는 노계 수탉이 수용되어 번식능력이 낮았을 것으로 사료되므로 올바른 비교가 될 수 없을 것으로 생각되었다. 본 시험의 결과 종계 사료에 희토의 사료 첨가로 종계의 빠르고 높은 산란 피크 도달과 향상된 산란 지속성 유지, 그리고 현격한 종계 폐사율 감소 등 생산성을 개선하는 효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 그러나 희토가 수정율이나 부화율에 미치는 영향은 앞으로 좀더 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 1988

본 시험은 육용종계의 사료급여시간 및 급여누수가 산란율. 난중 사료요구율, 1일 중 산란분포와 종란의 수정율 및 부화율과 난각질 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 마니커 육용종계 1,248수를 공시하여, 사료의 급여시간 (08：00시와 14：00시)과 급여구수(1일 1회, 1일 2회, 2일 1회)의 효과를 36주간 비교시험 하였는바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1 육용종계의 산란율과 사료요구율은 사료의 급여시간이나 급여회수에 영향을 받지 않았고, 난중은 42주령이전에는 사료를 오후에 급여함으로서 증가하였으나 (p＜0.01) 42주령 이후에는 사료급여시간이나 급여회수에 따라 차이가 없었다. 2. 1일 중 산란분포는 격일급여구 (시험2)를 제외하고 오후사료급여구는 오전사료급여구에 비해 오전 산란수는 적고 오후산난수는 많은 경향이었다 (p＜0.01). 3 36주령과 60주령에 각각 조사한 종란의 수정률과 부화율은 처리간에 차이가 없었고, 종란의 난각질은 36주령시에는 차이가 없었으나 60주령시에는 사료를 오후에 급여함으로서 난각강도가 증가하였다. (p＜0.05).