• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2017

Background: Patients with chronic stroke often shows decreased trunk muscle activity and trunk performance. To resolve these problems, many trunk stabilizing techniques including the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and the diaphragmatic breathing maneuver (DBM) are used to improve trunk muscle strength. Objects: To compare the effects of the ADIM and the DBM on abdominal muscle thickness, trunk control, and balance in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Nineteen patients were randomly allocated to the ADIM ($n_1=10$) and DBM ($n_2=9$) groups. The ADIM and DBM techniques were performed three times per week for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique muscle, and external oblique muscles on the paretic and non-paretic sides, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) score, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score were used to assess changes in motor development after 4 weeks of training. Results: After the training periods, the TrA thickness on the paretic side, TIS score, and BBS score improved significantly in both groups compared to baseline (p<.05). TIS score was significantly greater in the DBM group than in the ADIM group (p<.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that ADIM and DBM are beneficial for improving TrA muscle thickness in the paretic side, trunk control, and balance ability. Intergroup comparison revealed that TIS score was significantly improved in the DBM group versus the ADIM group. Thus, DBM may be an effective treatment for low trunk muscle activity and performance in patients with chronic stroke.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration combined breathing resistance on lung capacity and respiratory muscle and to suggest a mediation method for improvement of respiratory function and lung function in the future. Methods: This study was a preliminary study design of two groups of 54 healthy young adults who were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=27) with core exercise combined with respiratory resistance and whole body vibration and a control group with respiratory resistance and core exercise (n=27). All interventions consisted of 6 core exercises every 40 seconds and rest for 20 seconds. To compare the effects of intervention, we measured spirometry and respiratory muscle strength. Results: Both the experimental group and the control group showed a significant increase in Forced vital capacity (FVC) and Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) (p<.05). However, FEV1 and FEV1% were significantly increase only in the experimental group (p<.05). FVC, FEV1%, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) showed more significant increase in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that whole-body vibration combined breathing resistance is an effective intervention for people, with FVC, FEV1%, MIP, MEP increase.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 1967

Circulatory and respiratory activities were observed in men exposed to the environment of engine room of a cruising Republic of Korea Navy ship and compared to the control values obtained in an ordinary laboratory room on land. The environment of an engine room of cruising navy ship was presumed to be a multiple stress acting on men. The environment of the engine room included high temperature $(35-42^{\circ}C)$, low relative humidity (20-38% saturation), vibration (about 7 cycles per second), rolling and pitching of ship and noises. Sixteen men were divided into two groups consisted of each 8 subjects. Subjects of sea duty group had experience of continuous on board duty averaging 3.5 years. Men of land duty group had no experience of on board activity. On land observations were made on one day prior to the boarding and leaving the port and four days after landing. In between observations in the engine room were made on the first, 5 th, 9 th, 12 th, and 14 th day of on board activity. The whole experimental period lasted for 20 days. Measurements on circulatory and respiratory parameters were at standing resting state (after 30 minutes standing in the case of on land study and 15 minutes in engine room study) and within one minute after cessation of on the spot running of which rhythm was 30/min. and lasted for 5 minutes. Oxygen consumption and pulmonary function test were done in the period of two minutes from the 3rd to 5th minutes of running. The following results were obtained. 1. Body temperature showed no change regardless of group difference or on land or on board measurements. 2. Pulse rate increased markedly after boarding the ship id both groups. Pulse rate increased from the first day on board at rest and after exercise as compared to the on land control value. This increase in pulse rate was more marked after exercise. Sea duty group showed less increase in pulse rate at rest than the land duty group. Standing and resting pulse rate of sea duty group on lam was 81 and increased to 87 at the 5th day on board and remained smaller than the land duty group throughout the period on board. Control standing and resting pulse rate of land duty group on land was 76 and reached 89 at the 9th day on board and thereafter decreased a little. Pulse rate of land duty group at rest on board remained greater than that of sea duty group throughout the period on board. 3. Systolic blood pressure of sea duty group increased after boarding the ship and remained higher than the control value on land. In the land duty group, however, systolic blood pressure decreased during the period on board the ship. Diastolic blood pressure decreased in both groups. 4. Resting breathing rate of land duty group increased and remained higher than the control value on land. In sea duty group, however, resting breathing rate showed a transient increase on the 1st day on board and decreased thereafter to the control value on land and kept the same level throughout the period of cruise. Absolute value of breathing rate in the sea duty group was greater than the land duty group both at rest and after exercise. 5. There was a lowering of breathing efficiency in both groups. Thus, increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation volume and decreases in maximum breathing capacity, vital capacity, capacity ratio and air velocity Index were observed after boarding the ship. An increase in ventilation equivalent was also observed in both groups. The lowering of breathing efficiency was more marked in the land duty group than the sea duty group. 6. Energy expediture increased in both groups during their stay on the ship and was more marked in the sea duty group. 7, Lactate concentration in venous blood at rest and after exercise increased after boarding the ship and no group difference was observed.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 브로카 실어증 환자에 대한 멜로디 억양 치료(Melodic Intonation Therapy, MIT)에서 호흡훈련이 조음 명료도를 개선하는지를 평가했다. 실험군은 MIT에 선행하는 2단계 호흡 훈련을 받도록 했다. 중재 효과를 평가하기 위해, 피실험자의 폐쇄음의 폐쇄 길이(VOT), 단어 전체의 발화 길이(TD), 음성 강도 및 호기량을 중재 전과 후에 측정하여 비교 했다. 실험 결과 폐쇄음의 폐쇄 길이 및 단어 전체의 발화 길이는 양순음/p/, 치조음/t/, 연구개음/k/에서 증가했으나(p < 0.05) 파찰음/c/와 마찰음/s/은 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다(p > 0.05). 반면 대조군에서는 폐쇄음의 폐쇄 길이 및 단어 전체의 발화 길이가 증가하지 않는 것으로 나타났다(p > 0.05). 조음 명료도에 영향을 주는 호기량과 음성 강도는 실험군에서 증가했으나(p < 0.01) 대조군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로, 브로카 실어증 환자의 MIT에서 호흡 훈련은 환자의 조음 명료도를 개선하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1990

SCK 종양세포를 이식받은 mice에 Fluosol-DA $20\%$를 정맥주사한 후 이 종양세포를 추출하여 in vitro 실험으로 측정해 본 방사선 체포생존곡선의 Do와 Dq의 값은 Fluosol-DA $20\%$를 투여하지 않은 대조군과 대동소이하여 Fluosol-DA $20\%$가 방사선 감수성 자체에 미치는 영향은 미미하다고 해석되었다. 또한 Fluosol-DA $20\%$만을 투여한 종양의 산소분압($PO_2$)에는 별 변화가 없었으나 Fluosol-DA $20\%$를 Carbogen 흡입하에 투여시킨 종양에선 대조군의 산소분압 중앙값 4 mmHg가 62mmHg로 10배이상 증가되어 reoxygenation effect를 직접 증명할 수 있었고 hypoxic cell fraction도 약 8배정도 감소됨을 규명하였다. 한편 Carbogen만을 단독으로 흡입시킨 종양의 경우에도 산소분압의 증가를 관찰할 수 있었으나 Fluosol-DA $20\%$ 병용군보다는 산소분압상승 효과가 미약함을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 Fluosol-DA $20\%$에 의한 방사선 반응의 향상은 방사선 감수성의 증가보다는 reoxygenation의 결과이며 reoxygenation 효과를 개선하기 위해서는 Fluosol-DA의 단독투여보다는 Car-bogen 흡입하에서 Fluosol-OA $20\%$의 투여가 이상적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1988

Adenoids 비인두폐쇄로 인해 구호흡이 유발된 6~12세의 아동 50명과 동일 연령분포의 정상아동 50명의 두부방사선 계측사진을 통해 Tongue, Mandible 및 Hyoid bone에 대한 수평, 수직 및 각도 계측에 대한 비교 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Tongue position은 실험 군에서 더 전하방 위치하는 것으로 관철되었다. 2. Mandibular position은 실험군에서 더 하방위치 하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 3. Hyoid bone의 위치는 실험군에서 더 전하방위치하는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.61-61
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• 1995

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.447-459
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• 1995

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) are of concern for their potential chronic toxicity, their suspected role in the formation of smog, and their suspected role in destruction of stratospheric ozone. Present study evaluated the exposures to selected VOCs in three microenvironments: 2 chlorinated and 5 aromatic VOCs in the indoor and outdoor air, and 5 aromatic VOCs in the breathing zone air of gas-service station attendants. With permissible Quality Assurance and Quality Control performances VOC concentrations were measured 1) to be higher in indoor air than in outdoor air, 2) to be higher in two Taegu residential areas than in a residential area of Hayang, and 3) to be higher in the nighttime than in the daytime. Among five aromatics, Benzene and Toluene were two most highly measured VOCs in breathing zone air of service station attendants. Based on the sum of VOC concentrations, the VOC exposure during refueling was estimated to be about 10% of indoor and outdoor exposures. For Benzene only, the exposure during refueling was estimated to cause about 52% of indoor and outdoor exposure. The time used to calculate the exposures was 2 minutes for refueling and 24 hours for indoor and outdoor exposures.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze an effect of medical Qigong therapy using Dong Chu Chim (DCC) which was invented by "Dongchu Han Medicine Institute", by measuring HRV. We compared effects of DCC with non-treatment, filiform acupuncture and filiform acupuncture with natural abdominal breathing. Methods : 1. The authors stimulated Nogung (PC8) of 26 normal adults by using DCC or filiform acupuncture in turn. 2. The natural abdominal breathing has been carried comfortably with consciousness in the lower abdomen. 3. HRV was measured for 5 minutes, three times (pre-treatment, during-treatment and post-treatment). Results and Conclusions : From this study, it seems that the stimulus of DCC, filiform acupuncture, filiform acupuncture with natural abdominal breathing can all affect the autonomic nervous system and control the balance of that. But there were not significant differences between these stimulus groups and the non-treatment group. Therefore, we suggest additional studies about the effect of DCC in the future.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2024

Objectives : Human body keeps balance through the interaction of various organs, especially the lungs and kidneys are closely connected in maintaining health and preventing disease. This study explores how the lungs and kidneys interact in terms of breathing and fluid balance and aims to find common ground between Eastern and Western medical practices. Methods : Similar explanations related to the interaction between the lungs and kidneys in the physiology and pathology of Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) and biomedicine were compared. Results : In breathing, the lungs and kidneys work together by adjusting abdominal pressure with the diaphragm and maintaining acid-base balance, and hormones and enzymes secreted from the kidneys significantly affect lung function. This process corresponds to the concept of TKM that the kidneys control the reception of qi (腎主納氣). For fluid balance, the lungs help manage fluid levels through evaporation and sweating, interacting with the kidneys via the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), ACE, ACE2 enzymes, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This is similar to the theory in TKM that the lungs regulate human fluid (肺主通調水道). Conclusions : This research shows that by looking at the same physiological and pathological processes from different angles, we can reduce misunderstandings between Eastern and Western medicine. It helps improve the understanding of TKM's theories and supports building a unified framework for both medical traditions. Future work should focus on developing compatible theoretical systems across these fields.