• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.889-902
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• 2021

Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for additional MR-detected enhancing lesions and to determine whether or not kinetic pattern results comparable to dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of the breast can be obtained using the quantitative analysis of CEUS. Materials and Methods In this single-center prospective study, a total of 71 additional MR-detected breast lesions were included. CEUS examination was performed, and lesions were categorized according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of CEUS were calculated by comparing the BI-RADS category to the final pathology results. The degree of agreement between CEUS and DCE-MRI kinetic patterns was evaluated using weighted kappa. Results On CEUS, 46 lesions were assigned as BI-RADS category 4B, 4C, or 5, while 25 lesions category 3 or 4A. The diagnostic performance of CEUS for enhancing lesions on DCE-MRI was excellent, with 84.9% sensitivity, 94.4% specificity, and 97.8% positive predictive value. A total of 57/71 (80%) lesions had correlating kinetic patterns and showed good agreement (weighted kappa = 0.66) between CEUS and DCE-MRI. Benign lesions showed excellent agreement (weighted kappa = 0.84), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) showed good agreement (weighted kappa = 0.69). Conclusion The diagnostic performance of CEUS for additional MR-detected breast lesions was excellent. Accurate kinetic pattern assessment, fairly comparable to DCE-MRI, can be obtained for benign and IDC lesions using CEUS.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 1997

We carried out a prospective study of the effectiveness of a diagnostic strategy in thirty consecutively seen patients who had skeletal metastasis. The diagnostic strategy consisted of the recording of a medical history, physical examination, routine laboratory analysis, plain radiography of the involved bone and chest, whole-body technetium-99m-phosphonate bone scintigraphy, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, fiberbronchoscopy and fibergastroscopy. After this evaluation, a biopsy of the most accessible osseous lesion was done in twenty four patients. On the basis of the our diagnostic strategy, we were able to identify the primary site of the malignant tumor in nineteen patients(63%). The laboratory values were non-specific in all patients. The history and physical examination revealed the occult primary site of the malignant tumor in one patient(3.3%) who had carcinoma of the breast. Plain radiographs of the chest established the diagnosis of carcinoma of the lung in three patients(9.9%). Computed tomography of the chest identified an additional three primary carcinoma of the lung(9.9%). Fiberbronchoscopy identified an additional one primary carcinoma of the lung(3.3%). Abdominal ultrasound established the diagnosis in three patients(9.9%). Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis established the diagnosis in four patients(13.2%). Fibergastroscopy established the diagnosis in two patients(6.6%). Examination of the biopsy tissue established the diagnosis in one patient(3.3%). So we recommend to perform plain radiographs of chest, abdominal ultrasound, chest C-T, abdomino-pelvic C-T, fiber-bronchoscopy, fibergastroscopy sequentially.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.116-127
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze csatisfaction with clinica1 training in the department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology and the related factors. Methods: All the students on the graduating class of school of Korean Medicine, Dong-Shin University must be trained for 1 year in the department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology according to clinical training guideline including Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). After completing clinical training, we distributed questionaries to them about a reflex of the object of study, usefulness, difficulty, satisfaction and preference. And then, we analyzed the related factors including descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and correlation analysis by SPSS 12.0. Results: In general, a reflex of the aim of study (7.31±1.59), satisfaction with contents (7.44±1.58), and difficulty (6.13±1.34) were evaluated restectively. There is no statistically significant difference with sex. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between a reflex of the aim of study and satisfaction with contents. The primary preferences of clinical practice were Clinic Training, Ward Training, PBL (Problem Based Learning), OSCE. In OSCE, a reflex of the aim of study (7.04±1.83) and usefulness (7.02±1.97) were highly evaluated. There is no statistically significant difference with sex. The primary preferences for clinical OSCE practice were breast examination, genital examination, ultrasound scan, and pap smear. Facilities and equipment (6.84±2.01), contents of clinical training (7.29±1.83), the handout (7.20±1.98) and time scheduling (7.29±1.90) were evaluated respectively in general composition of clinical training. Conclusions: Clinical training program in the department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology can be highly estimated from the viewpoint of satisfaction with clinical training and the related factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.477-482
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• 2016

This study is tried to determine whether the management of medical radiation is well handled by comparison the guidelines of KFDA(korea food & drug administration) with analysis of dose indicator in mammography. As a method, it is analysed that kVp, exposure time, mAs, compressed breast thickness, average glandular dose and body mass index that were classified in the examination of both breasts by CC(cranio-caudal) and MLO(medio-lateral oblique) with EMR(electronic medical record) and dose report that were sent to the PACS(picture archiving communication system). As a result, in the site inspection according to the age, Compressed breast thickness in CC and MLO were the thickest of 45.6 mm and 49.6 mm in the 50-59 year old respectively. In the overall average compressed breast thickness, CC were 44.2 mm and MLO were 48.9 mm. MLO has more thick by 4.7 mm. In average glandular dose, CC were 1.05 mGy and MLO were 1.14 mGy. MLO has higher by 0.09 mGy than CC. As the compressed breast thickness increases 10mm, CC and MLO increases 0.15 mGy and 0.17 mGy respectively. When it was compared with the average glandular dose of 1.16 mGy per 1 film presented by KFDA, CC was showed 1.05 mGy. However, the 60 mm or more was found to exceed a 1.30 mGy. Also, As the compressed breast thickness was higher, body mass index showed high score. And in the case of 25 or more in the obese body index according to body mass index, it was showed obesity in case of the compressed breast thickness was more than 50mm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9655-9660
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• 2014

Background: Nigella Sativa (NS) is an herb from the Ranunculaceae family that exhibits numerous medicinal properties and has been used as important constituent of many complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). The ability of NS to kill cancer cells such as PC3, HeLa and hepatoma cells is well established. However, our understanding of the mode of death caused by NS remains nebulous. The objective of this study was to gain further insight into the mode and mechanism of death caused by NS in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Materials and Methods: Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were treated with a methanolic extract of NS, and a dose- and time-dependent study was performed. The $IC_{50}$ was calculated using a Cell Titer $Blue^{(R)}$ viability assay assay, and evidence for DNA fragmentation was obtained by fluorescence microscopy TUNEL assay. Gene expression was also profiled for a number of apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 genes) through qPCR. Results: The $IC_{50}$ of MCF-7 cells was $62.8{\mu}L/mL$. When MCF-7 cells were exposed to $50{\mu}L/mL$ and $100{\mu}L/mL$ NS for 24h, 48h and 72h, microscopic examination (TUNEL assay) revealed a dose- and time-dependent increase in apoptosis. Similarly, the expression of the Caspase-3, -8, -9 and p53 genes increased significantly according to the dose and time. Conclusions: NS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through both the p53 and caspase pathways. NS could potentially represent an alternative source of medicine for breast cancer therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.629-635
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• 2019

In term of the factors affecting psychosocial adjustment of breast cancer patients, their quality of life after surgical operation, radiation, and chemotherapy were systematically meta-analyzed. As a result, their qualities of life of the patients that had radiation therapy was the lowest right after the therapy, and gradually increased after the end of the therapy. However, after six months, their quality of life failed to reach the same level before the therapy. They had depression and side effects the most right after the therapy, and somewhat reduced them after the end of the therapy. In case of surgical operation, the more they were educated, the more they had psychosocial adjustment, and the more they had a medical examination and took out an insurance policy, the more they had psychosocial adjustment. In case of chemotherapy, their cognitive function is influenced so that they have impairments in memory, learning, and thinking stages. Since subjective cognitive impairment has a relationship with depression, it is necessary to monitor depression of chemotherapy patients. Given the results of this systematic meta-analysis, when three types of therapies (surgical operation, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy) are applied to patients with breast cancer, it is necessary to recognize their psychosocial adjustment, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in the nursing and radiation therapy fields and thereby to introduce an intervention program for a holistic approach.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.251-254
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• 2012

Pectus excavatum (PE) is a ventral chest wall deformity, also known as funnel chest, sunken chest, chondrosternal depression or koilosternia. The 4 months old, 1.3 kg intact-female Pekingese dog was evaluated for acute semicoma and convulsion. The client reported that this patient have had chronic loss of appetite, intermittent dyspnea and palpable sunken breast. The other littermates did not show any abnormalities. On physical examination, cachexia (BCS 1/5), concave sternum, flatten thoracic cavity and cardiac murmur were observed. On radiographic study, the caudal sternum cave to vertebrae and narrowing thoracic cavity. The severities of thoracic deformity were evaluated by deformation indices such as-Frontosagittal index (FSI) and vertebral index (VI). Moderate to severe PE was founded by the radiological measurements.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Purpose: Breast cancer is known to be more vulnerable to bone metastasis and lymph node metastasis than other types of cancer, and nuclear examinations whole body bone scan and lymphoscintigraphy are performed commonly before and after breast cancer operation. In case whole body bone scan is performed on the day before lymphoscintigraphy, the radiopharmaceutical taken into and remaining in the bones provides anatomical information for tracking and locating sentinel lymph nodes. Thus, this study purposed to examine how much bone density affects in locating sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were 22 patients (average age $52{\pm}7.2$) who had whole body bone scan and lymphoscintigraphy over two days in our hospital during the period from January to December, 2009. In the blind test, 22 patients (average age $57{\pm}6.5$) who had lymphoscintigraphy using $^{57}Co$ flood phantom were used as a control group. In quantitative analysis, the relative ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was measured by drawing ROIs on sentinel lymph nodes and the background, and in gross examination, each of a nuclear physician and a radiological technologist with five years' or longer field experience examined images through blind test in a five-point scale. Results: In the results of quantitative analysis, the relative ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was 14.2:1 maximum and 8.5:1 ($SD{\pm}3.48$) on the average on the front, and 14.7:1 maximum and 8.5:1 ($SD{\pm}3.42$) on the average on the side. In the results of gross examination, when $^{57}Co$ flood phantom images were compared with images containing bones, the score was relative high as 3.86 ($SD{\pm}0.35$) point for $^{57}Co$ flood phantom images and 4.09 ($SD{\pm}0.42$) for bone images. Conclusion: When whole body bone scan was performed on the day before lymphoscintigraphy, the ratio of the background to sentinel lymph nodes was over 10:1, so there was no problem in locating lymph nodes. In addition, we expect to reduce examination procedures and improve the quality of images by indicating the location of sentinel lymph nodes using bone images as body contour without the use of a source.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-183
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• 1998

To evaluate the impacts of the health education programs including smoking cessation, pap smear and breast self-examination(BSE), a community trial was conducted during one year from December 1996 to December 1997 in Kyongju City. Before health education, a base-line survey was implemented and the target population was allocated randomly to case and control groups. The case and control groups were divided into three categories which were smoking cessation, pap smear and BSE. The series of health education leaflets about anti-smoking, pap smear and BSE were mailed to case group and the evaluation survey was conducted at the end of this trial to compare the change of health related behaviours of case and control groups. Smoking prevalence of case group did not decline significantly after anti-smoking education but the cessation rates of the elderly and low educated were higher than others. The knowledge level of case group on the health risk associated with smoking was higher than that of control group and the willingness of case group to quit smoking was higher than the control group. The case group's compliance with pap smear for cervical cancer was more increased compared to control group after health education. Of the case group, the younger and lower educated women were screened at a higher rate than others. The knowledge level of case group on the risk factors of cervical cancer and how to prevent it was higher than that of control group. Nearly 60 percent of case group reported that the health education leaflet influenced them to have the pap smear. The unscreened cases were highly motivated to get the pap smear test in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1953-1958
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• 2015

Background: In India, cancer accounts for 7.3% of DALY's, 14.3% of mortality with an age-standardized incident rate of 92.4/100,000 in men and 97.4/100,000 in women and yet there are no nationwide screening programs. Materials and Methods: We calculated age-standardized and age-truncated (30-69 years) detection rates for men and women who attended the Indian Cancer Society detection centre, New Delhi from 2011-12. All participants were registered with socio-demographic, medical, family and risk factors history questionnaires, administered clinical examinations to screen for breast, oral, gynecological and other cancers through a comprehensive physical examination and complete blood count. Patients with an abnormal clinical exam or blood result were referred to collaborating institutes for further investigations and follow-up. Results: A total of n=3503 were screened during 2011-12 (47.8% men, 51.6% women and 0.6% children <15 years) with a mean age of 47.8 yrs (${\pm}15.1yrs$); 80.5% were aged 30-69 years and 77.1% had at least a secondary education. Tobacco use was reported by 15.8%, alcohol consumption by 11.9% and family history of cancer by 9.9% of participants. Follow-up of suspicious cases yielded 45 incident cancers (51.1% in men, 48.9% in women), consisting of 55.5% head and neck (72.0% oral), 28.9% breast, 6.7% gynecological and 8.9% other cancer sites. The age-standardized detection rate for all cancer sites was 340.8/100,000 men and 329.8/100,000 women. Conclusions: Cancer screening centres are an effective means of attracting high-risk persons in low-resource settings. Opportunistic screening is one feasible pathway to address the rising cancer burden in urban India through early detection.