• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2021

Objective: The most common type of cancer in women is breast cancer, and pain in the upper extremity and trunk is a discomfort experienced by more than half. Based on the evidence that manual therapy is effective for pain control in postoperative rehabilitation, this study aims to analyze the effects of manual therapy on upper extremity pain and function in patients after breast cancer surgery. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro, and CINAHL databases until August 2021. We included randomized controlled trial evaluating pain and function in patients after breast cancer surgery. Qualitative analysis was performed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool, and quantitative analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 to analyze post-intervention outcomes. Results: Four randomized controlled trials were selected to evaluate the effects of upper extremity pain and function in 133 patients who underwent manual therapy after breast cancer surgery. In the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the experimental group treated with manual therapy showed a significant improvement in pain compared to the control group (-0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.97 to -0.27). However, there was no significant improvement in upper extremity function (-0.09; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.25). Conclusions: Current evidence shows that manual therapy is effective for pain control in patients who complain of upper extremity pain after breast cancer surgery.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.285-298
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• 2012

Considerable number of women are enjoying swimming, however, the chest-region of swimsuits including cup inserts are not stable during swimming. The purpose of this study was to explore alternate designs and methods of stabilizing the breast cup to the swimmer's body by using 3D technology to design and position the pad and cup pattern of the swimming suit. To position the pad optimally, a 3D pattern of a nude woman was divided into blocks and different reduction rates were applied to blocks around the outlines of the breast. Two types of 3D patterns were developed. The first, referred to as the 'basic 3D pattern' provided for the curved surface of the breast point to be maintained with the remaining slack distributed evenly along the neckline, armhole and side seam. The second, referred to as the '1/3 shoulder moved 3D pattern' ignored the curved nature of the breast point by overlapping, with the resulting position of the shoulder strip moved toward the center. Three women of corresponding size and body shape evaluated the two 3D pattern designs as well as the conventional 2D pattern style of swimsuit. Respondents rated the'the basic 3D pattern' design highest in terms of stability and easy of movement in the chest region.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

The bra is one of the most essential pieces of women's underwear which gives support for the breasts and holds them in position to make better outer appearance of upper body. Despite being worn by most women of all ages, brassiere manufacturers often use brassiere sizes and shapes that are close to the body measurements of women in their 20s, which raises questions whether the bras are suitable for older women's physique. Also, many lingerie markets tend to center on designs and tastes of younger women, leaving those of older women are largely ignored in the manufacturing process despite the fact that their purchasing power and market shares are expected to grow in conjunction with the aging of the global population. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to provide information about bra preferences and breast perceptions of the middle-aged and older US women over the age of 40 years to help manufacturers better understand the bra purchasing priorities and bra elements of older women and prompt them to design bras with a high level of fit and comfort that are appreciated by the population groups as a means to ultimately acquire competitive edge in the fast growing aging market. An email survey and interviews were conducted with 301 US women who live in New York City. The findings of this study suggest that there are internal and external factors such as changes in body and breast shapes with age influence the level of fitness and effectiveness of bra components, and thus the responses to the questions on bra preferences and breast perceptions varied between the researched age groups.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.493-503
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of Oketani breast massage on breast discomfort, The amount of the breast milk, and the total protein of the breast milk in early postpartum mothers. The design was a non-equivalent control group Quasi-experiment. In the nursing intervention, The Oketani breast massage was given to the experimental group twice after giving birth, and Self Mamma Care (SMC) training was given to the control group. The collected data were analyzed by $x^2-test$ and t-test. The results of the study showed that the Oketani breast massage was more effective than the SMC-treated control group because of decreasing breast discomfort and increasing the amount of breast milk and total milk protein. Therefore, the Oketani breast massage will help early postpartum mothers more easily breastfeed. For the implication for practice, this study suggests that Oketani breast massage can be used as the effective nursing intervention that facilitates breastfeeding of early postpartum mothers in clinical practice.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2004

This study was performed to analyze the wearing practice and the purchasing characteristics of brassieres in order to offer basic data to produce superior brassiere and to improve the wearing comfort. The questionnaire were 146 Korean college female students. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, crosstabs, factor analysis and one-way ANOVA were used. The results were as follows, first, most subjects didn't know the sizing system of brassiere and their own breast size. So the degree of satisfaction of wearing brassiere was low than subjects who knew their own breast size. And they replied that the most unsatisfaction factor was brassiere size. Second, when subjects decided to purchase a brassiere they considered size, design, color, cost, fabric and brand and so on. Among them size and design were considered the most important. Third, the subjects who wear brassiere all day long, they considered wearing comfort and cost rather than design and collar. Therefore, the markets with brassieres would be able to segmented based on consumers' characteristics. Firth, the subjects were dissatisified at size, the taking off wire and shape modification after washing. And they requested the development of various size, fabric and cost improvement and fittness of brassieres. These results imply that to improve the wearing comfort of brassiere, it is so important to produce and develop various types of size first of all. And consumers should know size system of brassiere and their own breast size.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.943-954
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the breast growth variation trends and characteristics of Korean adolescent girls based on 3D body measurements. Subjects were 174 girls aged between 13 and 18. 3D body scanning data were collected and the data were measured by Geomagic Design X program. The total of 18 anthropometric measurements and 4 index items were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) Overall, the breast growth of adolescent girls got out of children's body shapes at the age of 14 and the adult's body shapes appeared remarkably at the age of 18. Before the age of 15, the adolescent girls' breast enlarged. 2) The surface lengths of upper body, which means the breast volume, showed significant growth above B cup groups rather than under A cup groups. The demand of B cup size (32.2%) was higher than A cup size (25.9%). And 35.6% of subjects' brassiere band size was 70. 3) The thorax grew evenly in the circumference, depth and breadth. The thoracic development related to the breast volume as well as the whole upper body's development. These results reveal that it is necessary to develop adolescent girls' brassiere reflecting on adolescent girls' breast growth variation trends and characteristics by age, breast size and thoracic development.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people comprise about 2.5% of the Australian population. Cancer registry data indicate that their breast cancer survivals are lower than for other women but the completeness and accuracy of Indigenous descriptors on registries are uncertain. We followed women receiving mammography screening in BreastScreen to determine differences in screening experiences and survivals from breast cancer by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status, as recorded by BreastScreen. This status is self-reported and used in BreastScreen accreditation, and is considered to be more accurate. The study included breast cancers diagnosed during the period of screening and after leaving the screening program. Design: Least square regression models were used to compare screening experiences and outcomes adjusted for age, geographic remoteness, socio-economic disadvantage, screening period and round during 1996-2005. Survival of breast cancer patients from all causes and from breast cancer specifically was compared for the 1991-2006 diagnostic period using linked cancer-registry data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for socio-demographic differences, screening period, and where available, tumour size, nodal status and proximity of diagnosis to time of screen. Results: After adjustment for socio-demographic differences and screening period, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women participated less frequently than other women in screening and re-screening although this difference appeared to be diminishing; were less likely to attend post-screening assessment within the recommended 28 days if recalled for assessment; had an elevated ductal carcinoma in situ but not invasive cancer detection rate; had larger breast cancers; and were more likely than other women to be treated by mastectomy than complete local excision. Linked cancer registry data indicated that five-year year survivals of breast cancer cases from all causes of death were 81% for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, compared with 90% for other women, and that the former had larger breast cancers that were more likely to have nodal spread at diagnosis. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, tumour size, nodal spread and time from last screen to diagnosis, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women had approximately twice the risk of death from breast cancer as other women. Conclusions: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women have less favourable screening experiences and those diagnosed with breast cancer (either during the screening period or after leaving the screening program) have lower survivals that persist after adjustment for socio-demographic differences, tumour size and nodal status.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to design segmentation algorithm for applying the breast ultrasound image to CAD(Computer Aided Diagnosis). This study is conducted after understanding limits, used algorithm and demands of CAD system by interviewing with a medical doctor and analyzing related works based on a general CAD framework that is consisted of five step-establishment of plan, analysis of needs, design, implementation and test & maintenance. Detection function of CAD is accomplished by Canny algorithm and arithmetic operations for segmentation. In addition to, long computing time is solved by extracting ROI (Region Of Interests) and applying segmentation technical methods based morphology algorithm. Overall course of study is conducted by verification of medical doctor. And validity and verification are satisfied by medical doctor's confirmation. Moreover, manual segmentation of related works, restrictions on the number of tumor and dependency of image resolution etc. was solved. This study is utilized as a support system aided doctors' subjective diagnosis even though a lot of future studies is needed for entire application of CAD system.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify the effects of semen sinapsis albae acupressure on fatigue and sleep among patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast neoplasms. Methods: The design was a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. Participants were 46 hospitalized patients (23 in the experimental group and 23 in the control group) who were undergoing chemotherapy during November and December 2014. The experimental group underwent routine chemotherapy nursing care and at the same time received acupressure on the spots of Zoksamli, Samumgyo and Shinmun. The control group underwent routine chemotherapy nursing care. The data were analyzed using test and t-test with the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The level of fatigue in the experimental group was lower than in the control group (t=5.82, p<.001). The level of sleep in the experimental group was higher than in the control group (t=-5.16, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that acupressure is an effective nursing intervention to decrease fatigue and increase sleep in patients with breast neoplasm undergoing chemotherapy.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing depression in breast cancer patients. Method: A descriptive correlational study design was used. A convenience sample of 155 subjects was recruited from the outpatient for breast cancer patients at one hospital in Gyeonggi, South Korea. Body image was measured with the category of "Body image" from the EORTC QLQ-BR23(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Breast cancer version) and sexual function was measured with category of "sexual function" from it. Depression was measured with Korean version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Results: The mean score of body image was relatively low(M = 54.44, SD = 30.92), of sexual function was low (M = 24.82, SD = 22.50), and of depression was relatively low(M =14.90, SD = 8.00). Depression had a significant relationship with body image(r = -.363, p = <.001), however, there was no significant relationship between depression and sexual function(r = -.137, p = .103). In the regression analysis, depression was found to be influenced significantly by monthly income and body image, these variables explained 28.8% of the variance in depression(F = 4.662. p = <.001). Conclusion: It suggests that nurses need to take into consideration body image and economic status in management depression in breast cancer survivors.