• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to determine what kinds of foods university students have, how often they eat out and the regularity and quantity of food they consume. A questionnaire surrey was conducted on 597 university students. The main results are as follows : The average weight of the participants was 68.24kg(male) and 53.12kg(female) with average height 174.50cm(male) and 162.48cm(female). Many students ate irregularly (breakfast 73.5%, lunch 54.4%. dinner 57.1%). The percentage students who had a meal with the average amounts of food were 32.2%(breakfast), 61.1%(lunch), 39.2%(dinner). Male students ate out than female (lunch＞dinner＞breakfast). Male students usually ate rice, meat, fish, soybean and seaweeds, Female students ate bread, fruits and milk products. Male students consumed carbonated beverages drinks and alcohol more often than females-who consumed many types of-snack More female students preferred fast food than males.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate what kinds of foods university students consume, how often they go out eating, and the regularity and amount of their meals. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 600 university student (home with Parents $40.8\%$: house of relatives $5.5\%$: boarding with cooking $43.3\%$: dormitory $10.3\%$). The main results are as follows: PIBW(percent ideal body weight) was under weight($49.2\%$), normal weight($40.7\%$), over weight($6.0\%$) and obese($4.2\%$). Many students had breakfast irregularly(boarding with cooking: $81.2\%$> home with parents: $71.8\%$> dormitory: $54.8\%$> house of relatives: $54.5\%$). Students who had a meal of average size were $32.5\%$(for breakfast), $61.3\%$(for lunch), and $39.5\%$(for dinner). Students who were home with parents and boarding with cooking had more eating for breakfast and lunch than those who were house of relatives and dormitory. Students who were home with parents and dormitory students ate more often milk, milk products, and kimchi than house of relatives and boarding with cooking students. Home with parents, boarding with cooking and dormitory students ate more often meat, milk, bread, fast food, and instant noodles than house of relatives students. Home with parents, house of relatives, and dormitory students ate more often fish, dried anchovy, and vegetables than boarding with cooking students. Dormitory students ate more often snacks, such as alcohol and fruits, than home with parents, house of relatives, and boarding with cooking students.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behavior and the attitude about weight control of the High School Girls. The questionnaires were completed by 519 girls’ high school students.(lived in city ; 269, in mine region ; 250) The results were as follows: 1. The average stature of them was 159.01${\pm}$5.09cm, the average weight was 51.64${\pm}$6.76kg. 2. In the present body structure of them, the underweight structure was 26.2% the normal weight structure was 58.4% the overweight structure was 15.4%. The present body structure was very different from the recognition of their own body structure. 3. The average point of the eating behavior was 52.07 and that of city(53.62 point) was higher than mine region(50.01 point). 4. The rate of going without breakfast(P<0.05) the frequency of snack(p<0.001) the eating rate of stimulus foods(p<0.05) the interest healthy food life(p<0.05) in two regions showed the significant difference. 5. The point of eating behavior in two regions showed the positive correlation in the economic level, the contentment degree of the present body structure, the conscious healthy condition. But it showed the negative correlation in the rate of going without of breakfast. On observing the difference of the tow regions, it showed the positive correlation to mother’s education career on the negative relation to the experience of the weight control in the city. In the other hand it showed the negative correlation to the recognition on degree of the present body structure in the mine region. 6. The contentment degree of the present body structure showed the negative correlation to the experience of the weight control. Also it showed the negative correlation to the rate of going without breakfast in the city.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.336-344
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the eating behaviors and the preferences of industrial workers in Korea. This survey was conducted from May 20 to June 20, 1998 by constructed questionnaires and the subjects were 364 males and 588 females. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The subjects who didn't have breakfast regularly were 41.7% because they didn't have enough time to eat. The main type of breakfast were cooked rice. 2) The subjects who used the company cafeteria were 60.5% and men used the company cafeteria more than women. The most favorite side dishes by the subjects were roasted foods and next side dishes were seasoned foods. There were not significantly different the kinds of favorite side dishes between men and women. The main reason that the subjects preferred to a specific side dish was 'delicious'. 3) Foods and dishes that the subjects could approached frequently and easily made the eating habits changed. The most favorite meal types of the subjects were Korean foods because those were good taste for the subjects. The favorite snacks by men were ramyon and those by women were rolled rice(Gimbab). 4) The pan-fried foods(Jun) were the most favorite food in the cloudy day and the salads were the most favorite food in the sunny day. The most favorite taste of the subjects were light and clear tastes and next favorite taste of the subjects was salty tastes. This study shows that the eating habit of industrial workers could be changed by easily and frequently approached food and weather. In addition, the lacks of time was main reason that the subjects couldn't have regular breakfast. Therefore, it needs to develop the desirable programs and diet menus to consider the situation of the industrial workers and weather.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.468-478
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• 2014

Objectives: Intake of fruits and vegetables has protective effects against stroke attack. This study intended to examine the status of consuming fruits and vegetables and to find out which factors may influence the frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables in individuals with a history of stroke. Methods: The data of 208 subjects from 5th (2010, 2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) who reported a stroke diagnosis was used for analysis. To identify major factors influencing the consumption of fruits and vegetables, a classification-tree analysis was carried out. Results: Among those who reported a stroke diagnosis, the frequencies of consumption of fruits and vegetables were influenced by their age, place of residence (urban or rural), economic status, educational level, occupation, number of family members, frequency of eating out, and having meals (breakfast or lunch) with family members. Two factors from fruits and three factors from vegetables were generated by exploratory factor analyses. Urban residents ate fruits and vegetables more frequently in all factors than rural residents. Eating frequencies of 'seasonal fruits (orange, apple, strawberry, melon, pear and watermelon)', 'easily-accessible fruits (persimmon, tangerine, grape, peach, banana)', and 'Western-style vegetables (cabbage, mushroom, carrot, tomato, spinach)' were influenced by the socioeconomic status. Eating frequencies of 'Korean-style vegetables (bean sprout, radish leaves, pumpkin/squash, sea weed)', 'preserved vegetables (Korean cabbage, radish, laver, cucumber)' were influenced by having breakfast with family members. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that by eating more fruits and vegetables, more preventive effects against secondary stroke attack are expected in stroke patients who live in the rural areas and who do not eat breakfast with family members. In addition, more outreach and education programs are needed for them.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.415-430
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• 2000

From March 10 to April 3, 1999. questionnaires were sent to 157 students at an university located in Hongsong. South Choongchung Province in order to find out their eating habits and exercise patterns. The analysis of the questionnaires collected reveals the followings. 1. Eating Habits 1) 76 out of total 157 respondents (48.4%) said that they skipped breakfast. The significant difference was shown in the frequency of breakfast eating based on respondents' sex. Male students had higher rate of going without breakfast (73.92%) than their female counterparts (28.41%). 2) Most respondents finished eating their meals within 20 minutes. with 58.5% spending 10 to 20 minutes. followed by 28.0% taking less than 10 minutes. 3) With respect to the frequency of eating snacks. 1 to 2 times per day came on top with 63.7%. Significant difference was shown based on sex. with male students having more frequent snacks than female students. 40.1% of those surveyed said they ate snacks because they were either bored or hungry, respectively, 67.5% took snacks after school followed by 23.6% who had snacks after dinner. 4) Concerning the frequency of taking food. 1 to 2 times per week recorded the highest mark for beta-carotine. fruits. fish. beans. milk. seaweeds and fries. As for vegetables. 6 to 7 times a week received the highest points. Males showed significantly higher frequency of taking fruits than females. while the opposite was true for beans. 5) More than 50% of the respondents chose rice and fruits as the food they could eat really well. All those surveyed ate fruits and vegetables. More than 10% of students said they did not eat donut. chocolate. candies. fries. coke and clear carbonated beverage. milk. ham and sausage. The food that revealed significant difference based on sex included ramyon, coke and clear carbonated beverages, ham and sausage, yogurt and milk, with males showing greater preference than their female counterparts. 6) The most preferred by respondents was spicy taste (49.04%), followed by sour (36.31%), sweet (25.48%), and salty tastes(21.1%). Those surveyed shunned sweet taste the most (21.02%), followed by sour (14.65%), spicy (8.92%), salty (5.10%) tastes. 2. Workout Patterns 1) 14.01% of the respondents said they took exercise. Based on sex, males showed significantly higher rate of 21.74% than 7.95% of females. Those who took exercise did so mostly three times a week. With regard to the time spent on workout. 'within 2 hours' received the highest points. Soccer was found to be the most popular sport among the respondents. The above analysis demonstrated that the students surveyed selected relatively sound answers in the categories of the food preference and taste. However. some skipped breakfast and liked eating snacks. and most did not take exercise, which may raise health problems including the weight increase. Therefore, ways should be devised to tackle such problems to ensure healthy lives.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Korean adults have dietary habits of eating full three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner evenly. The latest survey showed that people who have dinner most was 61.8%, and who have lunch most was 30.8% and then breakfast most was 7.4%. The Korean Nutrition Association suggests that daily required amount of salt intake is 3,450 mg (8.7 g). But the daily amount of salt intake of Korean people is 15 ${\sim} 20 g which surpasses the required amount. needed with 15 ~20g a day, which is usually formed before the age 6 as a dietary habit. When Koreans eat out, they choose Korean food(80.5%), Chinese food(7.0%), Western food(4.5%), fast food(4.8%), etc.(3.1%). The monthly frequency of the urban adults' eating out indicated 32.6% 'seldom', 41.1% 'less than 5 times monthly', 15.6% '5-10 times', 10.8% 'more than 10 times'. Most of them responded less than 5 times a month for eating out. If we look into dietary habits of the urban adults, the monthly eating out frequency of the respondents, was 73.6% of eating out by less than 5 times a month and was 74.9% of the respondents dine regularly.

• Proceedings of the Culinary Society of Korean Academy Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.55-71
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• 2005

Korean adults have dietary habits of eating full three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner evenly. The latest survey showed that people who have dinner most was 61.8%, and who have lunch most was 30.8% and then breakfast most was 7.4%. The Korean Nutrition Association suggests that daily required amount of salt intake is 3,450 mg (8.7 g). But the daily amount of salt intake of Korean people is 15 ~ 20 g which surpasses the required amount. needed with 15 ~20g a day, which is usually formed before the age 6 as a dietary habit. When Koreans eat out, they choose Korean food(80.5%), Chinese food(7.0%), Western food(4.5%), fast food(4.8%), etc.(3.1%). The monthly frequency of the urban adults' eating out indicated 32.6% 'seldom', 41.1% 'less than 5 times monthly', 15.6% '5-10 times', 10.8% 'more than 10 times'. Most of them responded less than 5 times a month for eating out. If we look into dietary habits of the urban adults, the monthly eating out frequency of the respondents, was 73.6% of eating out by less than 5 times a month and was 74.9% of the respondents dine regularly.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

This study aims to find out how the nutrition and eating habit education that Korean adolescents receive at school actually affects and affects their dietary culture. he subject and method of this study was a secondary analysis study using the data from the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey(2022). Statistical significance was confirmed using the SPSS program as the frequency of breakfast, reason for skipping breakfast, fruit, high-caffeinated beverage, sweet beverage, fast food, vegetable, milk, water, and late-night snack intake frequency as variables. There was a significant difference in breakfast, fast food, and late-night snacks between the group that received nutrition and eating habits education at school and the group that did not(p<.001). Regarding breakfast consumption, the group that received education showed a higher proportion of students eating breakfast for seven days or more, whereas the group that did not receive education showed a higher proportion of students who did not eat breakfast at all. The group that did not receive education showed a higher proportion of students who did not drink milk, and a higher proportion of students who drank less than one cup of water per day. This study can serve as a foundation for further studies to improve nutritional and dietary education, breakfast consumption, and beverage intake in schools. It was hoped that this study will contribute to developing more effective nutritional and dietary education strategies in schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1285-1296
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the food behaviors of college students through a food record method. In this study, one hundred and sixty seven students of Dankook university were chosen(male:77, female:90). We collected data about nutrients intake and food behaviors. Food behaviors included a frequency of both meal and snack, meal time, eating place, person with whom they ate, reason for eating, feeling after eating, and activities during mealtime. The results of the study were summarized as follows. Energy intake per day of male and female were 2201kcal and 1781kcal, respectively. Expect for the protein, vitamin C and phosphate, nutrients were not satisfied with the RDA, especially the intake of vitamin A, Vitamin B2, and calcium was very low. Average eating frequency per day was 5.1 and meal eating frequency per day was 2.6. In addition, male ate more frequently than female did. The interval between breakfast and lunch was 295 minutes, and between lunch and dinner was 373 minutes. The places where they ate the meal and snack were mostly school and restaurant at lunch and dinner, and there was not a significant different between weekday and weekend. On weekdays, the 40~50% of subjects had a breakfast with family, and most students had a lunch or dinner with friends. During weekend, although the percentage of students who had a lunch and dinner with family were increased, a lot of students had a lunch and dinner with friends or alone. In case of reason for meal and snack, the 60~70% of subjects answered that they ate the meal for hunger, and there was not different between weekday and weekend. 60~70% of subjects felt that they eat proper, but the percentage of overeat was increased for dinner. Most students were talking with others while they had a lunch. About 20% of subjects ate only food at both breakfast and dinner and 30% of subjects were watching TV. In correlation between nutrients intake and food behaviors, the higher frequency of eating, the higher carbohydrate intake in male. In case of female, protein intake and dinner time showed the negative correlation, and protein intake and mean intervals of eating had a positive correlation. In case of male, reason for eating affected the nutrient intake, but eating place, after feeling and activity for eating had no relation with nutrients intake. But in case of female, these factors affected nutrient intake. Therefore, food behaviors had an effect on nutrients intake, and the type of effect was different between male and female.