• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.12-24
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• 2001

The post-LOCA long term cooling (LTC) performance of the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plant (KSNPP) is analyzed for both small break loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA) and large break LOCA at cold leg. The RELAP5/MOD3.2.2 beta code is used to calculate the LTC sequences based on the LTC plan of the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants (KSNPP). A standard input model is developed such that LOCA and the followed LTC sequence can be calculated in a single run for both small break LOCA and large break LOCA. A spectrum of small break LOCA ranging from \ulcorner.02 to 0.5 k2 of break area and a double-ended guillotine break are analyzed. Through the code calculations, the thermal-hydraulic behavior and the boron behavior are evaluated and the effect of the important action including the safety injection tank (SIT isolation and the simultaneous injection in LTC procedure is investigated. As a result, it is found that the sufficient margin is available in avoiding the boron precipitation in the core. It is also found that a further specific condition for the SIT isolation action need to be setup and it is recommended that the early initiation of the simultaneous injection be taken for larger break LTC sequences.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2011

무선 인지(CR : Cognitive Radio) 시스템은 우선 사용자에게 할당되어 있지만 실제로 사용되지 않는 주파수 대역을 감지하고 사용함으로써 스펙트럼 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 우선 사용자가 채널을 점유하게 되면 무선 인지 시스템은 우선사용자 시스템에 대한 간섭을 피하기 위해 다른 채널로 이동해야 하며, 이 때 새로운 채널에서 무선 인지 시스템 송 수신기가 핸드셰이크를 하기 까지 통신 단절 시간이 생기게 된다. 따라서 무선 인지 시스템에 대한 서비스 품질의 보장을 위해서는 보다 빠른 핸드셰이크 기법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 Broadcasting 구간뿐만 아니라 데이터 전송 구간에서도 임베디드 제어 신호를 전송함으로써 무선 인지 시스템의 통신단절시간을 감소시키고, 데이터 전송률을 높일 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 컴퓨터 모의실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 임베디드 제어 신호 전송 방식이 기존의 방식보다 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1984

매우 작은 규모의 냉각재 상실 사고후($\leq$0.05ft$^2$) 어떤 일이 일어나는 가를 더 잘 이해하기 위해 고리 1호기에 대한 샘플 계산을 수행하였다 깨진 크기가 0.006 ft$^2$ 보다 큰 사고에 대해서는 냉각재 상실이 보충되는 양을 초과한다. 0.008 ft$^2$ 보다 큰 깨진 크기에 대해서는 잔열은 깨진 곳을 통해 완전히 제거된다. 이와 같은 결과에 비추어 고리 1호기는 매우 작은 규모의 냉각재 상실 사고의 전 영역에 걸쳐 비교적 안전하다고 결론지었다. 하지만, 900MWe 나 1200MWe 를 가진 원자로에 있어서, 어떤 깨진 크기에 대해서는 이 사고가 주의깊게 고려되어야 한다. 자연 순환에서 pool boiling 으로 또는 pool boiling에서 자연 순환으로 천이할때, 특별히 운전자와 안전 분석에 문제점을 남긴다. Primary pump shutoff, HPI pump shutoff, break isolation, opening relief valve의 운전자 간섭에 대해서도 논의 되었다. Shutoff 후 HPI pump의 연속적인 운전은 primary system의 건전성을 위협하지 않는다는 것이 증명되었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.292-301
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• 2010

Increasing convergence among heterogeneous radio networks is expected to be a key feature of future ubiquitous services. The convergence of radio networks in combination with dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) could be a beneficial means to solve the growing demand for radio spectrum. DSA might enhance the spectrum utilization of involved radio networks to comply with user requirements for high-quality multimedia services. This paper proposes a simple spectrum allocation algorithm and presents an analytical model of dynamic spectrum resource allocation between two networks using a 4-D Markov chain. We argue that there may exist a break-even point for choosing whether or not to adopt DSA in a system. We point out certain circumstances where DSA is not a viable alternative. We also discuss the performance of DSA against the degree of resource sharing using the proposed analytical model and simulations. The presented analytical model is not restricted to DSA, and can be applied to a general resource sharing study.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.165.2-165
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• 1999

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.429-434
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• 1996

K-REM［1］, which is under development as a realistic evaluation model of large break LOCA, is applied to the analysis of cold leg guillotine break of Ulchin 3&4. Fuel parameters on which statistical analysis of their effects on the peak cladding temperature (PCT) are made and system parameters on which the concept of limiting value approach (LVA) are applied, are determined from the single parameter sensitivity study. 3 parameters of fuel gap conductance, fuel thermal conductivity and power peaking factor are selected as fuel related ones and 4 parameters of axial power shape, reactor power, decay heat and the gas pressure of safety injection tank (SIT) are selected as plant system related ones. Response surface of PCT is generated from the plant calculation results and on which Monte Carlo sampling is made to get plant application uncertainty which is statistically combined with code uncertainty to produce the 95th percentile PCT. From the break spectrum analysis, blowdown PCT of 1350.23 K and reflood PCT of 1195.56 K are obtained for break discharge coefficients of 0.8 and 0.5, respectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.339-343
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• 2016

Background: Evaluation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-strand break is important to elucidate the biological effect of ionizing radiations. The conventional methods for DNA-strand break evaluation have been achieved by Agarose gel electrophoresis and others using an electrical property of DNAs. Such kinds of DNA-strand break evaluation systems can estimate DNA-strand break, according to a molecular weight of DNAs. However, the conventional method needs pretreatment of the sample and a relatively long period for analysis. They do not have enough sensitivity to detect the strand break products in the low-dose region. Materials and Methods: The sample is water, methanol and plasmid DNA solution. The plasmid DNA pUC118 was multiplied by using Escherichia coli JM109 competent cells. The resonance frequency and Q-value were measured by means of microwave dielectric absorption spectroscopy. When a sample is located at a center of the electric field, resonance curve of the frequency that existed as a standing wave is disturbed. As a result, the perturbation effect to perform a resonance with different frequency is adopted. Results and Discussion: The resonance frequency shifted to higher frequency with an increase in a concentration of methanol as the model of the biological material, and the Q-value decreased. The absorption peak in microwave power spectrum of the double-strand break plasmid DNA shifted from the non-damaged plasmid DNA. Moreover, the sharpness of absorption peak changed resulting in change in Q-value. We confirmed that a resonance frequency shifted to higher frequency with an increase in concentration of the plasmid DNA. Conclusion: We developed a new technique for an evaluation of DNA damage. In this paper, we report the evaluation method of DNA damage using microwave dielectric absorption spectroscopy.

• 천문학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

We calculate the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) protons and electrons at a plane shock with quasi-parallel magnetic fields, using time-dependent, diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) simulations, including energy losses via synchrotron emission and Inverse Compton (IC) scattering. A thermal leakage injection model and a Bohm type diffusion coefficient are adopted. The electron spectrum at the shock becomes steady after the DSA energy gains balance the synchrotron/IC losses, and it cuts off at the equilibrium momentum $p_{eq}$. In the postshock region the cutoff momentum of the electron spectrum decreases with the distance from the shock due to the energy losses and the thickness of the spatial distribution of electrons scales as $p^{-1}$. Thus the slope of the downstream integrated spectrum steepens by one power of p for $p_{br}$ < p < $p_{eq}$, where the break momentum decreases with the shock age as $p_{br}\;{\infty}\;t^{-1}$. In a CR modified shock, both the proton and electron spectrum exhibit a concave curvature and deviate from the canonical test-particle power-law, and the upstream integrated electron spectrum could dominate over the downstream integrated spectrum near the cutoff momentum. Thus the spectral shape near the cutoff of X-ray synchrotron emission could reveal a signature of nonlinear DSA.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2007

As part of the $AP1000^{TM}$ pressurized water reactor design certification program, a series of integral systems tests of the nuclear steam supply system was performed at the APEX-1000 test facility at Oregon State University. These tests provided data necessary to validate Westinghouse safety analysis computer codes for AP1000 applications. In addition, the tests provided the opportunity to investigate the thermal-hydraulic phenomena expected to be important in AP1000 small-break loss of coolant accidents (SBLOCAs). The APEX-1000 facility is a 1/4-scale pressure and 1/4-scale height simulation of the AP1000 nuclear steam supply system and passive safety features. A series of eleven tests was performed in the APEX-1000 facility as part of a U.S. Department of Energy contract. In all, four SBLOCA tests representing a spectrum of break sizes and locations were simulated along with tests to study specific phenomena of interest. The focus of this paper is the SBLOCA tests. The key thermal-hydraulic phenomena simulated in the APEX-1000 tests, and the performance and interactions of the passive safety-related systems that can be investigated through the APEX-1000 facility, are emphasized. The APEX-1000 tests demonstrate that the AP1000 passive safety-related systems successfully combine to provide a continuous removal of core decay heat and the reactor core remains covered with considerable margin for all small-break LOCA events.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권3호통권33호
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• pp.36-48
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• 1999

Fatigue life and crack retardation behavior after penetration were experimentally examined using surface pre-cracked specimens of aluminium alloy 5083. The Wheeler model retardation parameter was used successfully to predict crack growth behavior after penetration. By using a crack propagation rule, the change in crack shape after penetration can be evaluated quantitatively. Advanced, waveform-based acoustic emission (AE) techniques have been successfully used to evaluate signal characteristics obtained form fatigue crack propagation and penetratin behavior in 6061 aluminum plate with surface crack under fatigue stress. Surface defects in the structural members are apt to be origins of fatigue crack growth, which may cause serious failure of the whole structure. The nondestructive analysis on the crack growth and penetration from these defects may, therefore, be one of the most important subjects on the reliability of the leak before break (LBB) design. The goal of the present study is to determine if different sources of the AE could be identified by characteristics of the waveforms produced from the crack growth and penetration. AE signals detected in four stages were found to have different signal per stage. With analysis of waveform and power spectrum in 6061 aluminum alloys with a surface crack, it is found to be capabilities on real-time monitoring for the crack propagation and penetration behavior of various damages and defects in structural members.