• Title/Summary/Keyword: brassicasterol

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Evaluation of sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols in the sediments from Ulsan Bay and adjacent areas (Fecal sterol을 이용한 울산만과 주변해역 퇴적물내 하수기인 유기물 평가)

  • Choi Minkyu;Choi Hee-Gu;Kim Sang-Soo;Moon Hyo-Bang
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2005
  • Surface sediments (0$\~$4 cm) were sampled at 40 stations from Ulsan Bay and its adjacent areas of Korea, to evaluate the contamination by sewage-derived organic matters using fecal sterols. Some sterols were quantified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total concentrations of eight sterols (co­prostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, epicholestanol, epicoprostanol, ${\beta}-sitosterol,$ brassicasterol, and stigmasterol) in the sediments from Ulsan Bay and its vicinity varied from 929 to 23,444 ng/g dry weight. The most predom­inant sterols were cholesterol and coprostanol, accounting for $33\~72{\%}$ of total sterols. The concentration of coprostanol known as the indicator of human feces ranged from 141 to 8,257 ng/g dry weight. In particular, the coprostanol concentrations in the sediments from Jansaengpo Harbor and Taehwa River exceeded the value of 1,000 ng/g dry weight, suggesting that these areas could be considered as the hot-spot zones by municipal sewage contamination. Some molecular indices and multivariate data analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols in the sediments. Results showed that the major routes of sewage contamination in Ulsan Bay and its vicinity were the input through Jansaengpo Harbor and Taehwa River.

Distribution of sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterol in Masan Bay, Korea (마산만의 하수기인 유기물 fecal sterol의 분포)

  • Choi Min-Kyu;Moon Hyo-Bang;Kim Sang-Soo;Lee Yoon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.481-490
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    • 2005
  • Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols, Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta-sitosterol$) were in the range of $1,274\~4,768{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, $292\~2,244{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and $4.5\~27.2{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine- originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

Studies on the Lipids of 'Bugbangjohgae' Spisula sachalinensis (북방 조개의 유지에 관한 연구)

  • JOH Yong Goe;HATA Mitsuo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.195-202
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    • 1976
  • The present investigation was performed to find the lipid composition of the total lipids, the fatty acid components of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids, and the composition of sterols, from Spisula sachalinensis. The results obtained are as follows ; 1) The main components of the total lipids are phospholipids$(43.1\%)$, triglyceride$(36.2\%) $, and sterol $(10.3\%)$. 2) The phospholipids are mainly composed of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanols, mine, phosphatidal ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine. 3) The main fatty acids of the neutral lipids, the ethanolamine phospholipids and choline phospholpids, are C20:5, C16:1, C16:0, C20:5, C18:0, C22:6 and C16:0, C20:5, C22:6, respectively. Oleic acid content of all fractions is very small compared with one of gastropoda lipids and fish oil. 4) Most of plasmalogen are present in the ethanolamine phospholipids and only trace of plasmalogen in the choline phospholipids. 5) Sterols to be found are 22-trans-norcholesta-5, 22-diene-$3\beta$-ol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, cholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-methylenecho-lesterol and $\beta-sitosterol$.

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Studies on Constituent Variation during Storage after Freeze-Drying of Chestnut (밤(栗)의 동결건조(凍結乾燥)에 의(依)한 성분(咸分) 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ha, Bong-Seuk;Bae, Myong-Sook;Jeong, Tae-Myong;Sung, Nak-Ju;Son, Yaung-Ok
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 1982
  • The edible portion of chestnut, Castenea crenata Sieb, et Zucc, were freeze-dried and subjected to analysis of minerals, lipid classes and fatty acid composition by silicic acid column chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The results of analysis for the minerals in chestnut showed that the contents of magnesium, iron and phosphorus were decreased during storage after freeze-drying. The contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in the raw edible portion were 34.6, 38.6, and 26.8%, respectively. The contents of neutral lipids and phospholipids of the freeze-dried chestnut were decreased, while glycolipids were increased during storage. In the fatty acid composition of total lipid, $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$ acid were abundant in the raw edible portion, but freeze-dried chestnut contained relatively much amount of $C_{16:0}$, $C_{18:1}$, and $C_{18:2}$ acid. It is noticeable that $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{18:3}$ acid in the freeze-dried chestnut were remarkably decreased during storage. Upon the fatty acid composition, total lipid contained $C_{18:2}$ and $C_{16:0}$ acid in the highest proportion, but neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids contained $C_{16:0}$ and $C_{18:2}$ acid in the highest proportion. Cycloartenol (20.6%) was a major component in the 4-monomethylsterol fraction separated by thin layer chromatography and cyclolaudenol, cycloeucalenol, and citrostadienol were detected as minor components. Sitosterol (74.6%) was a major component in the 4-desmethylsterol fraction separated by thin-layer chromatography and ${\Delta}^5-avensterol$, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol were also detected as minor components.

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Variation in Cartenoid Pigment and lipids of the Arkshell, (Anadara broughtonii) according to the Environmental Factors of the Growing Area (서식환경요인에 따른 피조개육의 Carotenoid색소와 지질성분의 변화)

  • Ha, Bong-Senk;Kang, Dong-Soo;Kim, Yung-Gwan;Kim, Kui-Shik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.71-92
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    • 1989
  • The seasonal variations of environmental sea water, arid carotenoid and lipid composition of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, Anadara broughtonii in Chungmu and $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ were investigated. In the sea water, pH value, salinity, electrical conductivity of Chungmu and $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ were similar tendency, but water temperature in annual average at Chungmu-area was about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. The concentration of nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphours at Chungmu-area were slightly higher than those at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Meanwhile the concentration of silicate-silicious at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ was about 2 times higher than that of Chungmu-area. The bacterial density of the sea water was ranged from 3.6 to 93/100ml for coliform and 3.0 to 15/100ml for fecal colifrom at Chungmu-area, but the coliform was ranged 7.3 to 150/100ml and the fecal coliform was ranged 3.6 to 20/100ml at $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Among the coliform, 8.9% Escherichia coli, 33.9% Citrobacter freundii, 41.1% Enterobacter aerogenes groups were classified and 16.1% was not identified. In the hemoglobin content of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, one from Chungmu-area was ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 g /dl and one from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ was ranged from 1.7 to 4.4 g /dl. In total carotenoid content, 0.80 to 1.28mg/100 g muscle was in Chungmu-area and 0.45 to 0.99mg/100 g muscle was in $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. Among the carotenoid compositions, pectenolone content was 63.0% in annual average from Chungmu area and 59.6% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$, 6.5% from Chungmu area and 18.9% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ in ${\beta}-carotene$, 9.9% from Chungmu-area and 9.1% from Yosu-area in pectenoxanthin, 11.2% from Chungmu-area and 5.2% from $Y{\check{o}}su-area$ in diatoxanthin monoester were observed. In the seasonal variation for the major carotenoids, the content of pectenolone was continuously incresedbefore spawning period and showed the maximum in July, but decresed after spawning period. Diatoxanthin monoester was gradually incresed during all growing period from March to next January. And ${\beta}-carotene$ was decresed before spawning period and showed the maximum in July but incresed after spawning period. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid classes from total lipid namely neutral-, glyco- and phospholipid were $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{20:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{20:5}\;and\;C_{18:3}$ acid in the muscle tissue of arkshell. The content of neutral lipid showed about 2 times higher than polar lipid in the muscle tissue of arkshell from both Chungmu and, $Y{\check{o}}su-area$. The content of total and neutral lipid was decresed during spawning period. In the seasonal variation for fatty acid compositions, the content of polyenenoic acid in total and neutral lipid was decresed and saturated acid was incresed. On contrary, polyenoic acid in glyco and phospholipid was incresed and saturated acid was decresed during spawning period from July to September. The sterol composition in total lipid were mainly consisted of cholesterol, campesterol, brassicasterol and ${\beta}-sitosterol$. Especially, the rate of content in cholesterol showed decrese during spawning period butcampesterol showed increse from March to November.

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Studies on the Lipid Composition in Three Species of Shellfish (3종(種) 패류(貝類)의 지질조성(脂質組成)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Son, Young Ock;Ha, Bong Seuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.407-419
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    • 1983
  • In this study, the lipid components of three species of shellfish included oyster(Crassostrea gigas), top shell(Turbo cornutus) representing salt water shellfish and corb shell(Corbicula fluminea producta) representing flesh water shellfish were analysed and nutriontional significances were discussed. Analysed the total lipid composition, and the fatty acid and sterol composition of total lipid were determined. The lipid was fractionated into three lipid classes neutral, glyco and phospholipid by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each lipid class and sterols were determined by gas liquid chromatography. The lipid components of total lipid and neutral lipid were estimated by thin layer chromatography and TLC scanner. The results were as follows: Total lipid contents of shellfish were 1.8% in oyster, 0.4% in top shell and 4.0% in corb shell. The contents of total fatty acid in total lipid were 80.7, 71.2 and 73.2%; and the contents of unsaponifiable matters were 15.4, 18.1 and 23.1% respectively. Total lipids were mainly composed of triglycerides, polar lipid-pigments and sterols as major component, and hydrocarbon-esterified sterols were determined in each sample. The major fatty acids in total lipid were palmitic(37.0%), eicosapentaenoic(13.5%) and linoleic acid(11.2%) in oyster, Octadecatetraenoic(15.8%), palmitic(11.2%), oleic(8.6%) and linoleic acid(8.1%) in top shell, but palmitic(34.0%), linoleic(12.3%) and paimitoleic acid(9.8%) in corb shell. Particularly, the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid of oyster and top shell were higher than those of corb shell. Sterol composition from three species of shellfish were mainly consisted of cholesterol (42.7~64.0%), brassicasterol(15.6~24.7%) and 24-methylenecholesterol (4.7~21.9%). But sitosterol (5.3%) was detected only in oyster and 22-dehydrocholesterol(12.9%) was only in top shell. The contents of fractionated neutral lipid was commonly higher than that of polar lipid in each sample. Glycolipid and phospholipid in polar lipid showed similar in quantity. The neutral lipids were composed of triglycerides(33.0~36.7%), free sterols(25.7~31.2%), esterified sterol(12.4~23.7%) and free fatty acids(5.1~11.7%). The contents of triglycerides and free sterols were higher than those of free fatty acids and esterified sterols. The major fatty acids in neutral lipid were palmitic(28.4~26.4%) eicosapentaenoic(18.6~21.9%) and linoleic acid(9.0~5.4%) in oyster and corb shell but octadecatetraenoic(14.5%), eicosapentaenoic (13.5%) and palmitic acid(12.3%) in top shell. The major fatty acids in glycolipid were eicosenoic(10.2%), palmitic(12.1%) and linolenic acid (10.2%) in oyster, Eicosenoic(26.0%), octadecatetraenoic(14.6.%) and eicosadienoic acid(12.9%) in top shell. But eicosadienoic(21.4%) stearic(14.6%), octadecatetraenoic(8.5%) and eicosenoic acid(8.5%) in corb shell. The major fatty acids in phospholipid were myristic(16.0%), stearic(10.6%), eicosenoic(10.5%) and palmitic acid(10.3%) in oyster, Oleic(22.2%), stearic(20.7%) and linolenic acid (11.8%) in top shell but eicosapentaenoic(25.1%), myristic(8.7%) and arachidonic acid(8.3%) in corb shell.

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