• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Purpose - PB (Private Brand) refers to the product for which the distribution company plans the production independently, consigns the production to the manufacturer, or attaches the self-developed trademark and sells it. To reinforce competitiveness in such a market environment, diverse products development, systematic management activities, and marketing efforts to analyze and understand the consumers' behavior regarding PB products are emphasized. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationships among PB product attributes, consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty in general supermarkets. First, PB product attributes were defined using the five categories of perceived price, store image, familiarity, perceived service, and perceived quality, based on preceding studies. This study examined the influence of PB product attributes on consumption. Further, this study examined the relation among consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. This study provides more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the research model was designed to examine the relation among PB product attributes, consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. For the data collection method, the questionnaire survey comprised multiple items for each component and the direct interview method was employed. To collect data, the questionnaire survey was conducted for customers who personally visited the general supermarket after verifying the PB product purchase experience. The questionnaire survey was performed for one month, May 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 240 questionnaires were used for the analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0. Results - First, PB product attributes had a significantly positive effect on consumption emotion. The PB product attributes perceived by the customer at the point of service contact are important to form the positive consumption emotion. Second, consumption emotion had a significantly positive effect on brand attitude. Third, the consumption emotion had a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. Such consumption emotion is an important factor in causing the positive evaluation on the brand attitude perceived by the customer. Fourth, brand attitude had a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. The consumption emotion was positively represented to invoke the relational continuance behavior. The relational continuance behavior accompanies the repetition of purchase, word of mouth, and recommendation activities, and influences trust regarding the brand, for which the customer maintains the transaction continuously. Conclusions - The PB product attributes perceived by the customer at the point of service contact are important factors to form the positive consumption emotion. Based on this result, the discount store service provider would prepare the measures that can make the customer recognize the positive value, and make more detailed efforts. Consumption emotion is an important factor to cause the positive evaluation on the brand attitude perceived by the customer. Based on this result, the general supermarket must make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the purchase process for consumers.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.216-220
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• 2011

PURPOSE. Heat of composite polymerization (HP) indicates setting efficacy and temperature increase of composite in clinical procedures. The purpose of this in vitro experimental study was to evaluate the effects of 5 temperatures on HP of two new composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS. From each material (Core Max II [CM] and King Dental [KD]), 5 groups of 5 specimens each were prepared and their total HPs (J/gr) were measured and recorded, at one of the constant temperatures $0^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ ($2{\times}5{\times}5$ specimens) using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyzer. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, a Tukey's test, an independent-samples ttest, and a linear regression analysis (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. No polymerization reactions occurred at $0^{\circ}C$; then this temperature was excluded from statistical analyses. The mean HP of the remaining 20 KD specimens was $20.5{\pm}14.9$ J/gr, while it was $40.7{\pm}12.9$ J/gr for CM. The independent-samples t-test showed that there were significant differences between the HP of the two materials at the temperatures $15^{\circ}C$ (P=.0001), $23^{\circ}C$ (P=.0163), $37^{\circ}C$ (P=.0039), and $60^{\circ}C$ (P=.0106). Linear regression analysis showed statistically significant correlations between environment temperatures and HP of CM ($R^2=0.777$). CONCLUSION. Using CM is advantageous over conventional composite because of its better polymerization capacity. However due to its high HP, further studies should assess its temperature increase in vivo. Preheating KD is recommended. Refrigerating composites can negatively affect their polymerization potential.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.71-89
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• 2007

The present study was investigate the effects of feedback on mathematical achievement and attitude toward mathematics. Referring to the improvement of mathematics achievement, feedback groups(group I and II) turns out to be more efficient than the normal learning group(group III)(p<.05), there found no significant differ between group I and II(p>.05). As for the poor level of mathematics achievement, feedback groups(group I and II) turns out to be more efficient than the normal learning group(group III)(p<.05), there for fine level, found no significant differ between feedback group(group I and II)and the normal learning group(group III)(p>.05). Referring to the improvement of attitude toward mathematics, feedback groups(group I and II) turns out to be more efficient than the normal learning group(group III)(p<.05), there found no significant differ between feedback groups(group I and II)and the normal learning group(group III)(p>.05). As for the level(find or poor) of mathematics achievement, feedback groups(group I and II) turns out to be more efficient than the normal learning group(group III)(p<.05), there found no significant differ between feedback group(group I and II) and the normal learning group(groupIII)(p>.05).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7869-7873
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• 2014

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as an antitumor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory cytokine, are immunomodulatory products that play important roles in responses in cancers and inflammation. We tested the association between two polymorphisms of IL-12(1188A>C; rs3212227) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) and the risk of bladder cancer in 261 patients and 251 healthy individuals. We also investigated the possible association of these SNPs in patients with high-risk jobs and smoking habits with the incidence of bladder cancer. The genotype distributions of IL-6 (-174 C/G) genotype were similar between the cases and the control groups; however, among patients with smoking habits, the association between IL-6 gene polymorphism and incidence of bladder cancer was significant. After a control adjustment for age and sex, the following results were recorded: CC genotype (OR= 2.11, 95%CI=1.56-2.87, p=0.007), GC genotype (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.16-4.12, p=0.014) and GC+CC (OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.43-4.47, p=0.011). A significant risk of bladder cancer was observed for the heterozygous genotype (AC) of IL-12 (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.01-2.14, p=0.045) in all cases, and among smokers (AC) (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.82-5.37, p=0.00014), combined AC+CC (OR=3.05, 95%CI=1.8-5.18, p=0.000015). Moreover among high risk job patients, there was more than a 3-fold increased risk of cancer in the carriers of IL-12 beta heterozygous (OR=3.7, 95%CI=2.04-6.57, p=0.000056) and combined AC+CC(OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.58-5.86, p=0.00002) genotypes as compared with the AA genotype with low-risk jobs. As a conclusion, this study suggests that IL-12(3'UTR A>C) and IL-6 (-174 C>G) genotypes are significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in the Iranian population with smoking habits and/or performing high-risk jobs.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.185-187
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• 2009

The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children was reported to be low based on a 5-year screening program in Taipei City, Taiwan. The Taipei City government intended to terminate the E. vermicularis screening program among preschool children. Thus, we were entrusted with confirming whether pinworm infections among preschool children in Taipei City had truly declined. From each of 12 administrative districts 2-3 kindergartens were randomly selected for investigation. In total, 4,349 children were examined, of which 2,537 were boys and 1,812 were girls. The cellophane tape adhered to a glass slide was used, and all examinations were done by certified medical technologists. Results indicated that the overall prevalence rate of pinworm infections was 0.62% (27/4,349). Although the infection rate was higher among boys (0.67%, 17/2,537) than in girls (0.55%, 10/1,812), no significant difference was found ($X^2$=0.399, P=0.62). According to the administrative district, the infection rate ranged from no positive cases of E. vermicularis infection in the Xinyi, Zhongzhen, and Wanhua Districts (0%; 0/299, 0/165, and 0/358, respectively), to 0.26% (1/131) in Songshan District, with the highest rate of 1.88% (7/373) in Wenshan District. Because the overall infection rate (0.62%, 27/4,349) in the present study was unchanged compared to that (0.40%, 197/49,541) previously reported in 2005, we propose that regular pinworm screening and treatment programs should be continued in some parts of Taipei City.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

정보통신 기술의 발달과 디지털 방송의 시작, 뉴미디어의 출현으로 인한 통신과 방송의 융합은 가속화되고 있다. 또한 2010년까지 광대역통신망 BcN과 홈네트워크 구축을 위한 정부정책이 실행 중에 있다. 100Mbps의 전송속도를 구현해야 하는 광대역 통신망(BcN)을 위해 기존 인터넷 백본 1)망은 잘 구축이 되어 있으나 가입자까지의 망 구조에 많은 문제점을 앉고 있다. 기존 전화국을 이용한 XDSL과 지역 SO를 활용한 Cable Modem의 경우 병목현상과 이론상 속도 또한 BcN과 통방통합이 요구하는 50-100Mhz의 전송속도를 만족하지 못한다. 새로운 망 구조를 구축하기 위해 많은 비용과 시간의 소요가 예상된다 가입자 망 구축에 따른 많은 방법과 이론이 제시되고 있다. 똔 논문에선 지역 SO를 활용하여 가입자까지 망을 통방통합과 BcN에 적합한 가입자 망을 새롭게 구성하는 것을 목표로 한다. 먼저 지역 50의 망을 활용하기 위해선 기존 KT와 파워콤의 COF(Glass Optical Fiber)망과 지역 케이블 SO의 HFC 망을 이용하기에는 동축케이블 망의 물리적 특성에 따른 한계로 통방통합과 BcN에 부적합하다. Tree And Branch 구조의 HFC망 대신 $SMF^{2)}$의 기존 SO의 자가망을 새롭게 설계하고 광분배망 기술인 $E-PON^{3)}$방식을 접목시켜 최대한 동축망을 사용하지 않고 굴곡 특성에 약한 $FOG^{4)}$의 특성을 극복하기 위해 $POF^{5)}$망을 이용하여 댁내 홈게이트웨이까지 연결하는 방식으로 지역 SO를 거점으로 활용하여 댁내까지 FHHT와 홈 네트워크까지의 가입자 망을 새롭게 구성하고자 한다. 저장의 효율성을 위해 이진 포멧인 IPMP화된 MP4 파일을 생성할 수 있다.으로써, 에러 이미지가 가지고 있는 엔트로피에 좀 근접하게 코딩을 할 수 있게 되었다. 이 방법은 실제로 Arithmetic Coder를 이용하는 다른 압축 방법에 그리고 적용할 수 있다. 실험 결과 압축효율은 JPEG-LS보다 약 $5\%$의 압축 성능 개선이 있었으며, CALIC과는 대등한 압축률을 보이며, 부호화/복호화 속도는 CALIC보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.우 $23.87\%$($18.00\~30.91\%$), 갑폭 $23.99\%$($17.82\~30.48\%$), 체중 $91.51\%$($58.86\~129.14\%$)이였으며 성장율은 사육 온도구간별 차는 없었다.20 km 까지의 지점들(지점 2에서 지점 6)에서 매우 높은 값을 보이며 이는 조석작용으로 해수와 담수가 강제혼합되면서 표층퇴적물이 재부유하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 영양염류는 월별로 다소의 차이는 있으나, 대체적으로 지점 1과 2에서 가장 낮고, 상류로 갈수록 점차 증가하며 지점 7 상류역이 하류역에 비해 높은 농도이다. 월별로는 7월에 규산염, 용존무기태질소 및 암모니아의 농도가 가장 높은 반면에 용존산소포화도는 가장 낮다. 그러나 지점 14 상류역에서는 5월에 측정한 용존무기태질소, 암모니아, 인산염 및 COD 값이 7월보다 다소 높거나 비슷하다. 한편 영양염류와 COD값은 대체적으로 8월에 가장 낮으나 용존산소포화도는 가장 높다.출조건은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 고온단시간 추출이 적합하였다. 증가를 나타내었는데

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.147-159
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• 2012

Objectives: Systems related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products were compared between South Korea and Taiwan to illuminate herbal medicine products system issues in South Korea. Methods: Papers, and laws and policies related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products in South Korea and Taiwan are analyzed to create the primary documents. The documents from South Korea were screened with the advice of a specialist, while those from Taiwan have been verified through local investigation and with the help of a related specialist. The screened documents were then compared and analyzed in the order of the systems related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products. Results: The systems related to the production of herbal medicine products satisfy GMP requirements in both countries, while Taiwan has more specialized systems related to the production of herbal medicine products and a more strict authorization program as compared to South Korea. While South Korea has most of the herbal medicine products classified as non-prescription drugs, Taiwan has them as prescription drugs. And while South Korea does not allow new herbal medicine products to be listed for insurance, Taiwan allows for once-a-year application toward listing for insurance. Conclusions: In order to ensure the safe and effective use of herbal medicine products, systems related to the production, authorization, and listing for insurance of herbal medicine products are to be established, while the categorization of medicine products principally used by Korean medicine doctors should be prepared. Furthermore, prescription by a Korean medicine doctor for new drugs made with natural products and their listing for insurance need to be encouraged.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

The Construction Workers Mutual Aid Association is carrying out a number of strategic tasks with the goal of "contributing to improving employment and stabilizing the return of workers to construction workers through employment welfare and retirement deduction services." One of them is the retirement deduction system. The retirement allowance system is a system for the retirement income and livelihood security of construction workers who are not adequately protected by the Labor Standards Act, such as retirement allowances due to the nature of day labor. The Construction Workers Mutual Aid Association has promoted the introduction of electronic manpower management. For the efficient management of the pilot sites and the plans for the future, comprehensive evaluation of the pilot sites as well as the evaluation of the status and operation results of each pilot project site are needed. Therefore, in this study, we will develop performance indicators to evaluate the current state of electronic manpower pilot projects and analyze the actual situation of pilot project sites through actual application, and try to derive future implementation strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.8046-8056
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is the study of factors affecting the life satisfaction of disabled children parents. Survey data metropolitan area and Gyeonggi-do special schools, day shelter, Disabled Welfare, especially on the national branch in Korea Funny disabled parent meetings, through 389 branches were collected material wealth targeting parents with disabilities. Statistical analysis SPSS 19.0 program utilizes factor analysis, reliability analysis. And parents of children with disabilities and environmental factors are the demographic characteristics in order to analyze the impact on life satisfaction as a control variable, and the environmental factors as independent variables were performed hierarchical regression analysis. Results are crazy and the positive(+) influence a religious presence and the average monthly income of demographic characteristics in the satisfaction of life, environmental factors all had significant influence on life satisfaction. In other words, family support, disability, social networks, personal nature had a positive(+) influence on life satisfaction of disabled children parents, the relative influence of these factors include family support, disability, social networks, net of personality. It was in. The result is handicapped parents receive emotional support and help from family, the lower the degree of disability of the child, as participation in meetings or disability welfare various programs and handicapped parents, and the more it has a positive character increased satisfaction in life that can be interpreted.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2016

In the near future, many countries, including the Republic of Korea, will face a significant increase in low level radioactive waste (LLW) from nuclear power plant decommissioning. The purpose of this paper is to look at blending as a method for enhancing disposal options for low-level radioactive waste from the decommissioning of nuclear reactors. The 2007 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission strategic assessment of the status of the U.S. LLW program identified the need to move to a risk-informed and performance-based regulatory approach for managing LLW. The strategic assessment identified blending waste of varying radionuclide concentrations as a potential means of enhancing options for LLW disposal. The NRC's position is that concentration averaging or blending can be performed in a way that does not diminish the overall safety of LLW disposal. The revised regulatory requirements for blending LLW are presented in the revised NRC Branch Technical Position for Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation (CA BTP 2015). The changes to the CA BTP that are the most significant for NPP operation, maintenance and decommissioning are reviewed in this paper and a potential application is identified for decommissioning waste in Korea. By far the largest volume of LLW from NPPs will come from decommissioning rather than operation. The large volumes in decommissioning present an opportunity for significant gains in disposal efficiency from blending and concentration averaging. The application of concentration averaging waste from a reactor bio-shield is also presented.