• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.423-428
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• 2017

SRSF2, a Serine-Arginine rich (SR) protein, is a splicing activator that mediates exon inclusion and exclusion events equally well. Here we show SRSF2 directly suppresses intron splicing to suppress cassette exon inclusion in SMN pre-mRNA. Through a serial mutagenesis, we demonstrate that a 10 nt RNA sequence surrounding the branch-point (BP), is important for SRSF2-mediated inhibition of cassette exon inclusion through directly interacting with SRSF2. We conclude that SRSF2 inhibits intron splicing to promote exon exclusion.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Gyeonggi Province is trying to increase the number of public libraries from 100 as of December, 2006 to 150 in 2010. However most of existing public libraries preferred mid-to-large scale libraries, so they were restricted to be located in around a zone of life. For this reason most local residents have been excluded from right to use libraries and have difficulties to get library services for the knowledge and information society of the 21st century. The alternative to the small library is a school library. Both schools and public libraries are located in around a zone of life because residents can get an access to them easily. First, considering that small-scale public libraries of communities usually service about 10,000-20,000 people, I estimate that an open-style school library services 24class, 840people (24class*35people) of elementary school by 2003 Korean Library Standard (edited by Korean Library Association). Second, it requires systematic protection policies so that the open-style school of library can function as a local public library and a part of library cooperation system in accordance with local plans. All the open-style school libraries don't intend to open and we had better consider the suitable service areas. Third, it's desired for the management efficiency that the open-style school libraries being established afterward are divided into a branch-scale, a hall-scale and so on, not being uniform management model. And it also needs that one of them in the area enlarges the scale, and then supports other school libraries. According to these results of the research, as cooperation between the public library policy of a local government and school library policy, it needs a systematic support.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.45 no.4 s.115
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• pp.381-406
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• 2006

This work aims to investigate mathematics teachers' knowledge and belief on the high school probability and statistics. For this aim, two research questions are estabilished as follows. (1) How is mathematics teachers' knowledge on the main contents of the high school probability and statistics in the 7th mathematics curriculum? (2) What is mathematics teachers' belief on the high school probability and statistics? Survey and interviews were carried out to answer the above research questions. Subjects of the survey were 2 7mathematics teachers who were answered to questionnaire. Among them, 3 volunteers were chosen by provinces for in-depth interview. Research findings in mathematics teacher's knowledge are as follows. Firstly, mathematics teachers do not have much of mathematical knowledge on the newly added and changed contents of the high school probability and statistics in the 7th mathematics curriculum. Secondly, mathematics teachers do not change their teaching-learning method for probability and statistics. Thirdly, many teachers think that the use of technology and reconstruction of the textbooks are required in teaching and learning of the high school probability and statistics. But, they stick on their own way. Research findings in mathematics teachers' belief are as follows. Firstly, many mathematics teachers view the nature of statistics as a branch of the applied mathematics and put the value of high school probability and statistics on the practical usefulness, Secondly, many mathematics teachers think that understanding concepts and improving problem solving ability are the best method of the teaching and learning. Thirdly, many mathematics teachers think that high school probability and statistics textbooks should cause motivations and interests in order not to give up studying probability and statistics. It is expected that the above findings can be used to change teachers' teaching and learning methods and to improve teachers training program.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.545-550
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• 2023

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, which requires novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate bone loss. Natural compounds have attracted attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their safety and efficacy. In this study, we investigated the regulatory activities of boeravinone B (BOB), a natural rotenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Boerhavia diffusa, on the differentiation of osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the two main cell components responsible for bone remodeling. We found that BOB inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function, as determined by TRAP staining and pit formation assay, with no significant cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our results showing that BOB ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss demonstrated that BOB is also effective in vivo. BOB exerted its inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis by downregulating the RANKL/RANK signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, resulting in the suppression of osteoclast-specific gene expression. Further experiments revealed that, at least phenomenologically, BOB promotes osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs but inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that BOB inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesis in vitro by regulating various signaling pathways. These findings suggest that BOB has potential value as a novel therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

The Agricultural Experimental Organizations[勸業模範場] in Suwon is Korea's first agricultural promotion facility. It was founded in 1906. This study aim to find the area and spatial composition of 勸業模範場. The results are as follows. When it founded, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was operated centering on the main hall, and then since the pillage of national sovereignty in 1910, it was moved to the jurisdiction of the Japanese Government General of Korea and operated with the addition of the agricultural/forestry school. In 1913, the reductive egg production/distribution was moved from Yongsan branch to Suwon, and reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office were installed in Suwon. It is supposed that at the time, the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was divided into the main hall-centered area, the Suwon agricultural/forestry school at the south side, and the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office even more down south. Since 1920, the agricultural/forestry school came out of the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Experimental Organizations, such that the Agricultural Experimental Organizations was left with only the main hall-centered area and the area with the reductive egg producing site and female sericulture training office. In this study, these two areas are referred to as 'the main hall area' and 'the sericulture area.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.507-511
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• 2011

Objective : Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is known to be mainly related with upper cervical problems. In this study, the effect of radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) for lower cervical (C4-7) medial branches on CGH was evaluated. Methods : Eleven patients with neck pain and headache, who were treated with lower cervical RFN due to supposed lower cervical zygapophysial joint pain without symptomatic intervertebral disc problem or stenosis, were enrolled in this study. CGH was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the cervicogenic headache international study group. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and degree of VAS improvement (VASi) (%) were checked for evaluation of the effect of lower cervical RFN on CGH. Results : The VAS score at 6 months after RFN was $2.7{\pm}1.3$, which were significantly decreased comparing to the VAS score before RFN, $8.1{\pm}1.1$ ($p$<0.001). The VASi at 6 months after RFN was $63.8{\pm}17.1%$. There was no serious complication. Conclusion : Our data suggest that lower cervical disorders can play a role in the genesis of headache in addition to the upper cervical disorders or independently.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1333-1337
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• 2004

Oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide are powerful inducers of cell damage, ageing, and apoptosis. Since clusterin, a 75-80 kDa mammalian glycoprotein, is frequently found to be inducible in apoptotic cells and tissues, this study inquired into whether this would be a protective mechanism against further cell death. The aim was to find out whether overexpression of clusterin could protect cells from oxidant­induced stress and apoptosis. To clarify this issue, we generated and analyzed stable cell lines expressing fusion proteins of a rat clusterin with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). When treated with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxides, clusterin transfectants indeed showed increased resistance to apoptosis and exhibited a much higher survival rate than mock-transfected cells. On the other hand, neither intracellular re-distribution nor local concentration of clusterin-EGFP was observed, which leaves the question open about its anti-apoptotic mechanism. In conclusion, the overexpression of clusterin provides a means for protecting cells against oxidative stress and subsequent cell death.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

In this paper the strain energy density (SED) model is used to analyze the seismic behavior of suspen-domes and a new criterion is established for judging the seismic failure based on a characteristic point in the SED model. Firstly, a nonlinear time-history response analysis was carried out using the finite-element package ANSYS for typical suspen-domes subjected to different ground motions. The seismic responses including nodal displacements, ratios of yielding members, strain energy density and structural maximum deformation energy were extracted corresponding to the increasing peak ground acceleration (A). Secondly, the SED sum ($I_d$) was calculated which revealed that the $I_d-A$ curve exhibited a relatively large change (called a characteristic point) at a certain value of A with a very small load increment after the structures entered the elastic-plastic state. Thirdly, a SED criterion is proposed to judge the seismic failure load based on the characteristic point. Subsequently, the case study verifies the characteristic point and the proposed SED criterion. Finally, this paper describes the unity and application of the SED criterion. The SED method may open a new way for structural appraisal and the SED criterion might give a unified criterion for predicting the failure loads of various structures subjected to dynamic loads.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 1997

To observe the effect of Heulbuchuketang on endometriosis, surgically induced endometriosis in rats was treated with Heulbuchuketang for l00days. The result are as follows: 1. Fragments of right uterine horn were implanted at the serosal wall of small intestine and its adjacent aterial suppling branch. After 4 weeks later endometriosis was observed at the area of implantation of small intestine. 2. After l00-day-treatment, the size of the endometriosis of treated group was much smaller compared to those of the untreated group. Especially the result of the later 60-day-treatment was much better than that of the early 40-day-treatment. 3. In case of inflammation or pustula induced from endometriosis, the size of abnormal endometriosis tissue showed no change after the total treatment and fibrotic change was often founded there, which was not responding to Heulbuchuketang. 4. In the ovary of untreated group, primordial follicle, primary follicle, maturing primary follicle were easily founded and there was no difference in shape and size between the ovary of Heulbuchuketang treated group. From the upper 1 to 4 laboratory result it can be suggested that Heulbuchuketang can be specially effective to mild endometriosis with conservating the ability of fertility.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea. Methods: We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers' costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death. Results: In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively. Conclusions: We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden.