• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1401-1406
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• 2007

The present study investigated neuroprotective effects Rehmanniae Radix on PC12 cells and hippocampal neural cells. PC12 cells were damage by $H_2O_2$ and nitric oxide and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Then methanol extract of Rehmanniae Radix was treated with 0.5, 5, and $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ in culture media. Effects of Rehmanniae Radix were evaluated with cell viability assay, PI-staining, and TUNEL-labeling. Treatment of Rehmanniae Radix ($with\;5\;and\;50\;{\mu}g/ml$) produced significant increase of cell viability of PC12 cells damaged by $H_2O_2$ and by SNP-induced nitric oxide. Treatment of Rehmanniae Radix produced significant decrease of PI-uptake % in CA1 ($with\;5\;and\;50\;{\mu}g/ml$) and DG ($with\;50\;{\mu}g/ml$) regions of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Moreover, treatment of Rehmanniae Radix produced significant decrease of TUNEL- positive cells in CA1 ($with\;5\;and\;50\;{\mu}g/ml$) and DG ($with\;50\;{\mu}g/ml$) regions of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation. These results suggest that methanol extract of Rehmanniae Radix has neuroprotective effects on PC12 cells damaged by oxidative stress and on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

nm23-H1 gene expression has been inversely correlated with tumor metastatic potential in certain tumors including melanomas, breast carcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, its role with respect to the invasive behavior of central nervous system tumors has scarcely been addressed Because cell motility and invasion plays an essential role in metastatic dissemination, we have studied whether motile human glioma cell(U87MG) transfected with nm23-H1 complementary DNA have any alterations in their ability to migrate and invade. There was no significant changes in the shape and size of the cells following nm23-H1 transfection. The role of nm23-H1 in glioma migration and invasion have been evaluated by in vitro simple scratch technique and brain slice invasion model Basal migration ability of nm23-H1 transfectants cell(U87MG-pEGFP-nm23) were lesser than U87MG. Accordingly, U87MG-pEGFP-nm23 didn't migrate away apparently from the tumors implanted site comparing U87MG in brain slice invasion model. These results suggest that nm23-H1 may play an important role in suppressing the human glioma migration and invasion.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2007

본 연구는 전산화단층촬영 검사의 방사선 선량에 관하여 조사하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 문헌고찰을 실시하였으며, 여러 기관으로부터 자료를 수집하였고, 각 의료기관의 CT장비에서 선량을 측정하였으며, 병원에서 시행하고 있는 Protocol에 입각하여 피폭선량을 계산하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 두부팬텀을 이용하여 측정된 100 mAs 당 $CTDI_W$ 값은 4 slice MDCT 장비가 24.20 mGy로 가장 높았다. 장비의 세대별 구분에 따른 $CTDI_W$ 값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.01). 2. 복부팬텀을 이용하여 측정한 100 mAs 당 $CTDI_W$ 값은 4 slice MDCT 장비가 13.58mGy로 가장 높았으며, $CTDI_W$ 값은 장비 세대별로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 3. 두부검사에서의 환자선량은 조영제를 사용하지 않을 경우에 가장 높은 장비는 16 slice MDCT로 $818.83\;mGy{\cdot}cm$이었다(p < 0.05). 조영제를 사용하는 경우는 4 slice MDCT 장비에서 $1460.77\;mGy{\cdot}cm$로 가장 높게 측정되었으며, 평균 환자선량은 장비 종류 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.1). 4. 흉부검사에서의 환자선량은 조영제를 사용하지 않을 경우에 16 slice MDCT에서 평균은 $521.63\;mGy{\cdot}cm$로 가장 높았으며, 장비종류별로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05). 조영제를 사용하는 경우에 8 slice MDCT 장비에서의 환자선량이 평균 $1,174.70\;mGy{\cdot}cm$로 가장 높았으며, 장비별로 평균 환자선량에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 5. 복부-골반검사에서 조영제를 사용하지 않을 경우에 환자선량이 가장 높은 장비는 16 slice MDCT 장비로 평균은 $856.27\;mGy{\cdot}cm$이었으며, 평균 환자선량은 장비 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05). 조영제를 사용하는 경우 환자선량이 가장 높은 장비는 16 slice MDCT로 평균 $1,720.64\;mGy{\cdot}cm$이었다. 평균 환자선량은 장비 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05). 6. 간 검사에서 조영제를 사용하지 않을 경우에 환자선량이 가장 높은 장비는 8 slice MDCT로 평균 환자선량은 $612.07\;mGy{\cdot}cm$이었고, 환자선량은 장비사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05). 조영제를 사용하는 경우의 환자선량은 8 slice MDCT 장비의 평균이 $2,197.93\;mGy{\cdot}cm$로 가장 높았으며, 장비사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < 0.1). 조사대상 의료기관의 76.2%에서 조영제를 투여하는 검사의 반복횟수가 $3{\sim}4$회로 방사선피폭에 의한 위험이 있을 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.629-635
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• 2016

자기공명영상 장치의 정도관리를 위한 ACR 팬텀은 팬텀내의 여러 구조물을 통하여 자기공명영상 화질을 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구는 3.0T 장비에서 Head coil에서 ACR 팬텀을 이용하여 임플란트와 치아 교정용 철사를 부착하여 영상의 고스트 신호 백분율과 절편 두께 정확도를 분석할 수 있었다. T1강조영상 첫 번째 절편과 열한 번째 절편의 임플란트 보철에서 절편위치 정확도는 수신대역폭이 230에서 좋게 나타났으며, 교정용 철사가 부착했을 때는 수신대역폭이 130일 때가 좋았다. 고스트 신호 백분율은 SE T1강조영상 일곱번째 절편에서 임플란트 보철에 추가된 교정용 철사의 경우에는 수신대역폭 230이 좋게 나타났다. 자기공명영상 검사에서 임플란트 보철 환자의 경우에 적절한 수신대역폭을 선택하여 영상의 왜곡과 신소 소실이 감소된 영상을 획득할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2016

Objective : Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) acts as a chaperone on the cell surface, and it has been reported that PDI is associated with the tumor cell migration and invasion. The aims of this study are to investigate the anti-migration effect of bacitracin, which is an inhibitor of PDI, and the associated factor in this process. Methods : U87-MG glioma cells were treated with bacitracin in 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mM concentrations. Western blot with caspase-3 was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity of bacitracin. Adhesion, morphology, migration assays, and organotypic brain-slice culture were performed to evaluate the effect of bacitracin to the tumor cell. Western blot, PCR, and gelatin zymography were performed to investigate the associated factors. Thirty glioma tissues were collected following immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results : Bacitracin showed a cytotoxicity in 3rd (p<0.05) and 4th (p<0.001) days, in 5.0 Mm concentration. The cell adhesion significantly decreased and the cells became a round shape after treated with bacitracin. The migration ability, the expression of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) decreased in a bacitracin dose- and time-dependent manner. The U87-MG cells exhibited low-invasiveness in the 2.5 mM, compared with the untreated in organotypic brain-slice culture. PDI was expressed in the tumor margin, and significantly increased with histological glioma grades (p<0.001). Conclusion : Bacitracin, as a functional inhibitor of PDI, decreased the phosphorylated FAK and the secreted MMP-2, which are the downstream of integrin and play a major role in cell migration and invasion, might become one of the feasible therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate clinical usefulness of facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D computed tomographic images. Materials and Methods : One cadaver that had sound facial soft tissues was chosen for the study. The cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT under following scanning protocols about slice thickness and table speed; 3 mm and 3 mm/sec, 5 mm and 5 mm/sec, 7 mm and 7 mm/sec. The acquired data were reconstructed 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mm reconstruction interval respectively and the images were transferred to a personal computer. Using a program developed to measure facial soft tissue thickness in 3D image, the facial soft tissue thickness was measured. After the ten-time repeation of the measurement for ten times, repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements using the three scanning protocols. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant intraobserver differences in the measurements of the facial soft tissue thickness using the three scanning protocols (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements in the 3 mm slice thickness and those in the 5 mm, 7 mm slice thickness (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the 14 of the total 30 measured points in the 5 mm slice thickness and 22 in the 7 mm slice thickness. Conclusion : The facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D images of 7 mm slice thickness is acceptable clinically, but those of 5 mm slice thickness is recommended for the more accurate measurement.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.210-222
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• 2017

Purpose: To develop a novel combination of controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) with integrated SSFP (CAIPI-iSSFP) for accelerated SSFP imaging without banding artifacts at 3T. Materials and Methods: CAIPI-iSSFP was developed by adding a dephasing gradient to the balanced SSFP (bSSFP) pulse sequence with a gradient area that results in $2{\pi}$ dephasing across a single pixel. Extended phase graph (EPG) simulations were performed to show the signal behaviors of iSSFP, bSSFP, and RF-spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequences. In vivo experiments were performed for brain and abdominal imaging at 3T with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acceleration factors of 2, 3 and 4 with CAIPI-iSSFP and CAIPI-bSSFP. The image quality was evaluated by measuring the relative contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and by qualitatively assessing banding artifact removal in the brain. Results: Banding artifacts were removed using CAIPI-iSSFP compared to CAIPI-bSSFP up to an SMS factor of 4 and 3 on brain and liver imaging, respectively. The relative CNRs between gray and white matter were on average 18% lower in CAIPI-iSSFP compared to that of CAIPI-bSSFP. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CAIPI-iSSFP provides up to a factor of four acceleration, while minimizing the banding artifacts with up to a 20% decrease in the relative CNR.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2000

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection effect of estrogen on brain atrophy following cerebral infarction. Method : All animals in this study were classified into 4 groups; ovariectomy group (OVXgroup), cerebral infarction group (INF group), combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction group (OVX + INF group), and naturally intact group for control data (NOR group). Cerebral infarction was made by Chen's method with some modification. Ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth's method. Experimental data for each group was collected at 15 days, month, 3 months, and 6 months after starting observation. Serum $17{\beta}-estradiol(E2)$ was determined by radioimmunoassay. Brain volume was measured and calculated with image analysis. Each brain was sliced at intervals of 2mm in chamber after 30 min of freezing in refregerater. Cerebral volume was obtained by sum of volume of each slice level, which was mean $area{\;}{\times}{\;}2mm$. Results : Cerebral ischemia was found to decrease the serum concentration of $17{\beta}-{\;}estradiol(E2)$ and to inhibit the physiologically conpensatary function of the ovariectomized rats. Also we found that deprivation of estrogen have resulted in more severe cerebral atrophy followed by cerebral infarction. Conclusion : It is suggested that estrogen has a neuroprotection effect on cerebral atrophy following cerebral infarction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1575-1578
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• 2012

Objectives: To obtain permeability surface (PS) values using multi-slice helical CT perfusion imaging and to evaluate the spatial distribution correlation between PS values and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in solitary brain metastases. Methods: Imaging was performed on 21 patients, PS values being calculated from the central, border and peripheral parts of tumours. VEGF expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Rim enhancement was found in 16 cases, the border of the tumour featuring PS elevation with high VEGF expression in 13 cases. In the 5 cases with nodular enhancement, the border and the central part had high permeability and VEGF expression was high in all cases, the correlation being significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: VEGF expression in brain metastases positively correlates with PS values from CT perfusion imaging, so that the latter can be used in the surveillance of angiogenic activity in brain metastases.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2000

CT검사시 선량이 각 장기에 미치는 영향을 관찰 하고자 하였으며, 선정한 3부위(뇌, 흉부, 복부) 스캔에서 주 선속 및 주 선속외에 미치는 흡수선량을 측정 제시하고, 자궁에 영향을 주는 부위 스캔을 명확히 알고자 하였다. CT기계(Somatom plus 4, Siemens co, Germany)를 이용하였으며 인체에 조직등가 물질이 비슷한 Alderson Rando phantom (Alderson Reserch Laboratories, USA)과 Harshaw chemical 사에서 제작된 열형광선량계 Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-100 과 Reader와 Oven을 이용하였다. TLD 교정시에, 6MV 선형가속기와 $30{\times}30{\times}1.5$cm의 정사각형 고체 물팬텀을 사용하였다. TLD를 팬텀의 목적장기에 삽입시키기 위하여, 여성환자 (20세~40세) 40명의 영상을 이용하였으며, 위치 측정부위는 간, 위장, 비장, 신장, 대장, 방광, 자궁을 대상으로 하였다. Brain에서의 흡수선량 분포도에서 8 : 8(피치1) 에서는 비장까지 흡수선량이 측정되었으며 10 : 10 에서는 유방까지 흡수선량이 측정되었다. 흥부(Chest)에서의 흡수선량 분포도에서 8 : 8(피치1)에서의 주 선속 흡수선량이 높았다. Abdomen의 흡수선량 분포도에서 8 : 8 과 8 : 10의 스캔을 했을 때 주 선속 부위에서는 테이블 이동이 느린 8mm에서 흡수선량이 높게 나타났다. 뇌 CT의8 : 8과 10 : 10에서 자궁에 미치는 선량은 모두 없었으며, 몸 전체에 미치는 유효선량은 10 : 10 약간 높게 나타났다. Brain CT 에서 임산부나 임신가능 여성에게는 본 논문에서 확인된 방법으로 절편 두께를 8mm-10mm범위로 적용하는 것이 바람직 하고, Chest scan에서 8 : 10(피치 1.2)방법을 선택하는 것이 좋으며, 임산부나 임신 가능 환자에게는 10 : 15(피치 1.5)를 사용하는 것이 좋은 것으로 사료된다. Abdomen scan에서 유효선량이 10.707 mSv, MSAD가 7.2인 8 : 10을 택하는 것이 주 선속에 미치는 영향뿐만 아니라 생식선 장기인 Uterus에 미치는 영향이 비교적 적게 나타나, 다른 기법보다 다소 환자에게 적게 영향을 주며 검사 할 수 있다고 사료된다.