• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 1991

The purpose of this research is to evaluate effects of chloramphenicol, phenobarbital and progesterone on damage of DNA, RNA and protein which was induced by dimethylnitrosamine. $N,N-Di[^{14}C]$ methyl-nitrosamine (DMN) was used as a damaging agent and levels of DNA, RNA and protein damage in liver, brain and pancreas were compared with a control group. Pretreatment of mice with chloramphenicol increased protein damage in pancreas two times more than the control level. Liver RNA damage was increased up to 5.8 times and brain DNA damage up to 6.95 times by treatment of phenobarbital but brain RNA damage was decreased significantly down to 21% of the control group. The damage of liver RNA was significantly decreased by treatment of progesterone, although liver protein damage, pancreas RNA damage and pancreas protein damage were increased.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.223-227
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• 1998

We isolated two soluble forms of glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins, GDH I and GDH II, from bovine brain. The regulation of GDH I and GDH II by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation has been examined in various conditions. There were dose- and time- dependent activation of the GDH isoproteins when phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The phosphorylated GDH had 1.1 mol of covalently bound phosphate/mol of subunit and a 2-fold increased specific activity. The phosphorylated amino acid was identified as serine. When treated with alkaline phosphatase, the activities of the phosphorylated GDH isoproteins were reduced in dose and time dependent manner and returned to those of unphosphorylated enzymes. There were no significant differences between GDH I and GDH II in their sensitivities to the action of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation demonstrating that the microenvironmental structures of the phosphorylation site in GDH isoproteins are similar to each other, These results results suggest that the inter-conversion between less active form of brain GDH isoproteins and more active form is regulated by phosphorylation through cAMP-dependent protein kineses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.786-791
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• 2011

An optimal feature selection and extraction procedure is an important task that significantly affects the success of brain activity analysis in brain-computer interface (BCI) research area. In this paper, a novel method for extracting the optimal feature from electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is proposed. At first, a student's-t-statistic method is used to normalize and to minimize statistical error between EEG measurements. And, 2D time-frequency data set from the raw EEG signal was extracted using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as a raw feature, standard deviations and mean of 2D time-frequency matrix were extracted as a optimal EEG feature vector along with other basis feature of sub-band signals. In the experiment, data set 1 of BCI competition IV are used and classification using SVM to prove strength of our new method.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2005

Glucose is the most importantenergy source in the central nervous system. Because the central nervous system cannot synthesize or store glucose. low blood glucose even for a short period results in no functionally normal activity of the brain. In addition, continuous low blood glucosecan cause irreversible brain damage and brain death. Therefore, the current status of emergency care by first aid staffs during transfer of patients with hypoglycemia has been investigated in this study, 114 patients who have visited the hospital using 119 Emergency Medical Service from January 1, 2004 till December, 2004 and shown blood glucose of 2.8 mmol/L and less on arrival have been involved. In case of nurses, assistant nurses, first aid staffs receiving first aid training and second-class emergency medical technicians(EMTs), they provided basic life support (BLS). In case of first-class EMTs, they measured blood sugar and then they orally administered glucose to conscious patients or provided simple first aids and prompt transfer for unconscious patients. As a result of analysis, it is suggested that first aid retraining is required.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2022

Objective : To perform a comparative analysis of therapeutic effects associated with two different shapes of ceria nanoparticles, ceria nanorods (Ceria NRs) and ceria nanospheres (Ceria NSs), in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods : In vitro TBI was induced using six-well confluent plates by manually scratching with a sterile pipette tip in a 6×6-square grid. The cells were then incubated and classified into cells with scratch injury without nanoparticles and cells with scratch injury, which were treated separately with 1.16 mM of Ceria NSs and Ceria NRs. Antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed. Results : Ceria NRs and Ceria NSs significantly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species compared with the control group of SH-SY5Y cells treated with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline. The mRNA expression of superoxide dismutases was also reduced in nanoparticle-treated SH-SY5Y cells, but apparently the degree of mRNA expression decrease was not dependent on the nanoparticle shape. Exposure to ceria nanoparticles also decreased the cyclooxygenase-2 expression, especially prominent in Ceria NR-treated group than that in Ceria NS-treated group. Conclusion : Ceria nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in TBI models in vitro. Ceria NRs had better anti-inflammatory effect than Ceria NSs, but showed similar antioxidant activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.71-71
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• 1995

The succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase which is one of the key enzyme of GABA shunt in CNS has been purified from bovine brain homogeneously for the first time. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated to be approximately 110,000 on gel filtration, The subunit molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE to be 54,000. These results indicate that the enzyme is a dimeric protein made up to identical subunits. Chemical modification studies of the enzyme suggest that the critical lysyl, connected with catalytic activity of the enzyme, The binding of IAF-SSDH(enzyme tagged with fluoreceine) to GABA transaminase which catalyzes the degradation of GABA was monitored by steady emission anisotropy. The changes of fluorescence anisotropy by interactions between two enzymes suggest that the formation of enzyme cluster must be invoved in the regulation of GABA concentration in brain tissues. The inhibitory effects of some antiepileptic and anticonvulsant drugs on the enzyme were also examined.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2022

Alteration of the mGluR5 density is closely related to various brain diseases including schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, mGluR5 is considered as a valuable imaging biomarker for brain disease and many radiopharmaceuticals have been developed so far. Among them, [¹⁸F]FPEB has favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics, and this is the most frequently used radiopharmaceutical for preclinical and clinical studies. In the present study, we want to introduce the optimized radiosynthetic method for the routine production of [¹⁸F]FPEB using a GE TRACERlabTM FXFN pro module. In addition, the entire process was monitored with a webcam to solve the problems arising from the synthetic process. As a result, [¹⁸F]FPEB was prepared by nucleophilic substitution from its nitro- precursor at 120℃ for 20 min in dimethyl sulfoxide. Radiochemical yield was 13.7 ± 5.1% (decay-corrected, n = 91) with the molar activity of 84 ± 17 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. The radiochemical purity was determined to be above 96%. The manufactured [¹⁸F]FPEB injection for quality controls were carried out in accordance with an KIRAMS approved protocol, as per ICH and USP guidelines.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.967-980
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• 2022

Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilium L., and Rosemarinus officinalis L. were selected as subjects for the study, and analysis of rosmarinic acid contents by HPLC analysis and the fragrance components of each herb were compared by GC-MS analysis. It was prepared and cultivated in a herb farm located in Sacheonjin-ri, Gangneung-si in 2022 (Fig. 1) before flowering, collected in the summer, stored at minus 20℃, and dried 50 g each. The analysis was requested to the NICEM analysis room of Seoul National University to obtain the test results. Through the above study, HPLC showed that the content of rosmarinic acid was 555.53 mg/Kg, which was absolute, 27.12% in rosemary for 1,8-cineol in GC-MS, and 32.44% in linalool in sweet basil. For eugenol, 23.11% in sweet basil and 19.92% in rosemary were found in α-pinene. Through this study, it was verified that spearmint, sweet basil, and rosemary contain a large amount of major ingredients that act on concentration or brain activation.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 2024

Objective: Stroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide, often leaving survivors with significant cognitive and motor impairments. Dual-task (DT), which involves performing cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously, can influence brain activation patterns and functional recovery in stroke patients. Design: A systematic review Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for studies assessing cortical activation via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during DT performance in stroke patients. Studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria, focusing on changes in hemodynamic responses and their correlation with task performance. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that DT leads to increased activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), suggesting an integrated cortical response to managing concurrent cognitive and motor demands. However, increased activation did not consistently translate to improved functional outcomes, highlighting the complex relationship between brain activation and rehabilitation success. Conclusions: DT interventions may enhance cortical activation and neuroplasticity in post-stroke patients, but the relationship between increased brain activity and functional recovery remains complex and requires further investigation. Tailored DT programs that consider individual neurophysiological and functional capacities are recommended to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.137-146
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• 1995

In this study, it was tested whether lead intoxication could change thiamine content and the thiamine related biochemical factor such as activity of transketolase in the brain, and whether the changes of the myelin composition :s well as the seizure threshold induced by lead intoxication in rats be related to these changes of thiamine status and thiamine related biochemical factors. In addition, it was also tested whether administration of excessive thiamine can reverse the toxic manifestation of lead in lead intoxicated animals. Five groups of Wistar rats were prepared: 1)Control group, 2)lead treated group, 3)thiamine treated group, 4)lead plus thiamine treated group and 5)thiamine deficiency group. Each group of animals was divided into three subgroups based on ages: 3, 7 and 10 weeks of age subgroups. Lead concentration, thiamine content, the activity of transketolase and myelin composition in brain areas and threshold of electric shock seizure were tested in each group. Lead concentrations in all brain regions of lead treated group were higher than those of control group, and those of lead plus thiamine treated group were significantly lower than those of lead treated group. Thiamine contents in the brain regions of lead treated group were significantly lower than those of control group, and those of lead plus thiamine treated group were recovered back to those of control group. Activities of transketolase of lead treated group were significantly lower than those of control group, while those of lead plus thiamine treated group were recovered back to those of control group. The cases of which was observed with the concomitant changes of thiamine content and transketolase activity in myelin content or constituent of all the brain regions tested were total amount of myelin protein in the cerebellum of 3 week old rats, and phospholipid in the cerebellum of 3 week old rats and the telencephalon of 16 week old rats. Thresholds of the electroshock seizure of lead-treated group and thiamine-deficient group in 3, 7 week old rats were significantly lower than those of control group, while those of the lead plus thiamine-treated group were similar to those of control group. Changes of the electroshock seizure threshold induced by lead intoxication were observed in 3 week and 7 week old animals with the concomitant decrement of thiamine content in all the brain regions tested. These observations were reversed by the supplementation with thiamine to those animals. However, the changes of seizure threshold induced by lead intoxication corelated with the changes of thiamine contents as well as. transketolase due to lead intoxication. The changes of myelin phospholipid as one of myelin composition and those of myelin Protein content only in the cerebellum of 3 week old rats correlated with the changes of the seizure threshold as well as thiamine content due to lead intoxication. The results from the present study may indicate that neurotoxicity of lead in rats may be mediated at least in part through the changes of thiamine status. Such changes of thiamine status may induce the changes of myelin composition such as myelin phospholipid and those of myelin protein content especially in the cerebellum of 3 week old rats which may eventually affect the threshold of seizure.