• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 1978

The present study is concerned with nutritional status and palatability of the packed-lunch in elementary school children in Daejeon city. Rice and side dishes in the lunch box were weighed and the contained nutrients were analyzed by the Food Composition Table. The result of survey is as follows; 1) The means of nutritional values of 523 lunch boxes were calorie 562.48 Cal. percentage of the recommended dietary allowances.(79.11%), protein 19.16gr. (88.43%), animal protein 6.03gr. (83.50%), calcium 110.75mg (48.15%), iron 2.20mg. (56.15%), Vitamin A 328.16 I.U.. (49.22%), Vitamin $B_1$ 0.22mg. (59.45%), Vitamin $B_2$ 0.14mg (32.56%), Niacin 3.20mg. (68.08%), Vitamin C 9.79mg. (73.44%). All the nutrients are under the recommended dietary allowances. 2) The correlation between the boys and girls in the intake of protein, calcium, iron, Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, Niacin index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P<0.01. 3) According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrates, protein and fat is 78 : 14 : 8, which is excessive meal of carbohydrate. 4) Among the total intake of the protein consists of 30.20% for the boys and 32.90% for the girls. 5) The most favorite food for boys and girls from the packed-lunch is kimchi, egg, ham, sausage, cuttle-fish, laver and beef, and pork and pickles are most undesirable items. 6) The most favorite snack is bread, cake, ice cream, chocolate, fruits and milk. 7) Both boys and girls like Kimchi, fried and saute foods but dislike Namul (seasoned green vegetables) the most. 8. The side dishes of the packed·lunch lack in variety of cooking method.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.373-388
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• 2010

The updated finite element model of K$\ddot{o}$m$\ddot{u}$rhan Highway Bridge on the Firat River located on the $51^{st}$ km of Elazi$\breve{g}$-Malatya highway is obtained by using analytical and experimental results. The 2D and 3D finite element model of the bridge is created by using SAP2000 structural analyses software, and the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are determined analytically. The experimental measurements are carried out by Operational Modal Analysis Method under traffic induced vibrations and the dynamic characteristics are obtained experimentally. The vibration data are gathered from the both box girder and the deck of the bridge, separately. Due to the expansion joint in the middle of the bridge, special measurement points are selected when experimental test setups constitute. Measurement duration, frequency span and effective mode number are determined by considering similar studies in literature. The Peak Picking method in the frequency domain is used in the modal identification. At the end of the study, analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and the finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing some uncertain parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions. Maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced from 10% to 2%, and a good agreement is found between natural frequencies and mode shapes after model updating.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.169-186
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• 2013

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of soil-structure interaction and time dependent material properties on behavior of concrete box-girder highway bridges. Two different finite element analyses, one stage and construction stage, have been carried out on Komurhan Bridge between Elazi$\breve{g}$ and Malatya province of Turkey, over Fırat River. The one stage analysis assume that structure was built in a second and material properties of structure not change under different loads and site conditions during time. However, construction stage analysis considers that construction time and time dependent material properties. The main and side spans of bridge are 135 m and 76 m, respectively. The bridge had been constructed in 3 years between 1983 and 1986 by balanced cantilever construction method. The parameters of soil-structure interaction (SSI), time dependent material properties and construction method are taken into consideration in the construction stage analysis while SSI is single parameter taking into consideration in the one stage analysis. The 3D finite element model of bridge is created the commercial program of SAP2000. Time dependent material properties are elasticity modulus, creep and shrinkage for concrete and relaxation for steel. Soft, medium, and firm soils are selected for evaluating SSI in both analyses. The results of two different finite element analyses are compared with each other. It is seen that both construction stage and SSI have a remarkable effect on the structural behavior of the bridge.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.605-628
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• 2008

In bridge structures, damage may induce an additional deflection which may naturally contain essential information about the damage. However, inverse mapping from the damage-induced deflection to the actual damage location and severity is generally complex, particularly for statically indeterminate systems. In this paper, a new load concept, called the positive-bending-inspection-load (PBIL) is proposed to construct a simple inverse mapping from the damage-induced deflection to the actual damage location. A PBIL for an inspection region is defined as a load or a system of loads which guarantees the bending moment to be positive in the inspection region. From the theoretical investigations, it was proven that the damage-induced chord-wise deflection (DI-CD) has the maximum value with the abrupt change in its slope at the damage location under a PBIL. Hence, a novel damage localization method is proposed based on the DI-CD under a PBIL. The procedure may be summarized as: (1) identification of the modal flexibility matrices from acceleration measurements, (2) design for a PBIL for an inspection region of interest in a structure, (3) calculation of the chord-wise deflections for the PBIL using the modal flexibility matrices, and (4) damage localization by finding the location with the maximum DI-CD with the abrupt change in its slope within the inspection region. Procedures from (2)-(4) can be repeated for several inspection regions to cover the whole structure complementarily. Numerical verification studies were carried out on a simply supported beam and a three-span continuous beam model. Experimental verification study was also carried out on a two-span continuous beam structure with a steel box-girder. It was found that the proposed method can identify the damage existence and damage location for small damage cases with narrow cuts at the bottom flange.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.319-327
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• 2017

Studying the structural behavior of prestressed segmented girders is quite important due to the large use this type of solution in viaducts and bridges. Thus, this work presents a nonlinear three-dimensional structural analysis of an externally prestressed segmented concrete girder through the Finite Element Method (FEM), using a customized ANSYS platform, version 14.5. Aiming the minimization of the computational effort by using the lowest number of finite elements, a new viscoelastoplastic material model has been implemented for the structural concrete with the UPF customization tool of ANSYS, adding new subroutines, written in FORTRAN programming language, to the main program. This model takes into consideration the cracking of concrete in its formulation, being based on fib Model Code 2010, which uses Ottosen rupture surface as the rupture criterion. By implementing this new material model, it was possible to use the three-dimensional 20-node quadratic element SOLID186 to model the concrete. Upon validation of the model, an externally prestressed segmented box concrete girder that was originally lab tested by Aparicio et al. (2002) has been computationally simulated. In the discretization of the structure, in addition to element SOLID186 for the concrete, unidimensional element LINK180 has been used to model the prestressing tendons, as well as contact elements CONTA174 and TARGE170 to simulate the dry joints along the segmented girder. Stresses in the concrete and in the prestressing tendons are assessed, as well as joint openings and load versus deflection diagrams. A comparison between numerical and experimental data is also presented, showing a good agreement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.606-612
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• 2012

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is one of the six members of IGFBP family, important for cell growth, apoptosis and other IGF-stimulated signaling pathways. In order to explore the significance of IGFBP-5 in cells of the Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), IGFBP-5 gene complementary DNA (cDNA) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the animal's fetal fibroblasts and tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The gene is 816 base pairs (bp) in length and includes the complete open reading frame, encoding 271 amino acids (GenBank accession number JF720883). The full cDNA nucleotide sequence has a 99% identity with sheep, 98% with cattle and 95% with human. The amino acids sequence shares identity with 99%, 99% and 99%, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis showed that IGFBP-5 has an insulin growth factor-binding protein homologues (IB) domain and a thyroglobulin type-1 (TY) domain, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, five casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, three prenyl group binding sites (CaaX box). The IGFBP-5 gene was expressed in all the tested tissues including testis, brain, liver, lung, mammary gland, spleen, and kidney, suggesting that IGFBP-5 plays an important role in goat cells.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 2014

$Cu_2ZnSn(S_xSe_{1-x})_4$ (CZTSSe) absorber thin films were prepared on Mo coated soda lime glass substrates by sulfo-selenization of sputtered stacked Zn-Sn-Cu precursor thin films. The Zn-Sn-Cu precursor thin films were sulfo-selenized inside a graphite box containing S and Se powder using rapid thermal processing furnace at $540^{\circ}C$ in Ar atmosphere with pre-treatment at $300^{\circ}C$. The effect of different S/Se ratio on the structural, compositional, morphological and electrical properties of the CZTSSe thin films were studied using XRD (X-ray diffraction), XRF (X-ray fluorescence analysis), FE-SEM (field-emission scanning electron microscopy), respectively. The XRD, FE-SEM, XRF results indicated that the properties of sulfo-selenized CZTSSe thin films were strongly related to the S/Se composition ratio. In particular, the CZTS thin film solar cells with S/(S+Se)=0.25 shows best conversion efficiency of 4.6% ($V_{oc}$ : 348 mV, $J_{sc}$ : $26.71mA/cm^2$, FF : 50%, and active area : $0.31cm^2$). Further detailed analysis and discussion for effect of S/Se composition ratio on the properties CZTSSe thin films will be discussed.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1995

The influence of vacuum cooling and modified atmospheric packaging was investigated about browning degree, polyphenoloxidase(PPO) activity and free amino acid of shiitake mushroom. During storage, surface browning was inhibited by precooling. PPO activities of shiitake mushroom was increased during storage. Especially, PPO activity was rapidly increased as surface browning was proceeded. And PVC-wrapped mushroom was lower than carton box-packed mushroom in the changes of surface browning and PPO activity. Total free amino acid contents of shiitake mushroom was 2,510 mg% at harvest, but free amino acid content of shiitake mushroom decreased consistantly during storage. Precooled mushroom had more free amino acid content than non-precooled and their contents were fluctuated by storage temperature, packaging methods and storage periods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.222-235
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• 2010

After its remarkable success, "Avatar" brought another way of creating cinematic story; the stereoscopic 3-D cinema. Comparing conventional 2-D filmmaking, you need twice as much of budget and manpower in 3-D filmmaking because of the complicated process and slow production speed. The 3-D hardware like 3-D TV and 3-D projector are already showing at the retail stores while 3-D filmmaking is still in veil, and no major educational institution is yet to start 3-D related education. As 3-D movies get popular and demand more 3-D filmmaking professional crew, educating 3-D filmmaking to 2-D based film students will improve their hiring rate in the market. The successful result of the box office showing 3-D films like "Alice in Wonderland 3D" and "Titan 3D" forecasts that there will be more demand on 3-D related jobs very soon.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.311-321
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• 2004

Relationships between sedimentary environments and abundance of benthic animals were examined on the deep-sea floor, the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, in the northeast equatorial Pacific Ocean. Specimens were collected using a box corer at 8 stations by sieving through 0.3 mm mesh screen. Sediments showed finer grain size ranged from 5.63 to $7.97{\varphi}$, 83.1% of mean porosity, 1.81 kPa of mean shear strength and organic carbon content in sediment ranged from 0.97 to $1.87\;mg/cm^3$. Manganese nodules covered on the bottom layer from 4 to 57% of coverages. A total of 26 faunal groups in 6 phyla was sampled and comprised 1,467 individuals. Mean biomass were calibrated to 0.5 gWWt/$0.06\;m^2$. Small-sized animals including foraminiferans and nematods were dominated among the faunal group which comprised 49.1% (892 ind.) and 11.5% (320 ind.), respectively. In SPI-analysis, vertical bio-disturbance marks were not observed except to Beggiatoa-type bacterial mats. As the results of relationship between environments and benthos, abundance of benthic animals, especially nematode, showed only a negative correlation to the coverage of nodules, and any other sedimentary factors analyzed in this study were rarely affected to the spatial distribution of benthic animals.