• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2004

Objectives : This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the relationship between the bone mineral density at the os calcis and the body mass composition in healthy children. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the os calcis with peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The fat free mass, fat mass and percentage fat mass were measured using bioelectric impedance, in 237 Korean children, aged 9 to 12 years. The sexual maturity was determined by self assessment, using standardized series of the 5 Tanner stage drawings, accompanied by explanatory text. Results : From multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, sexual maturity and height, the fat free mass was found to be the best predictor of the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. About 15 and 20% variabilities were found in the calcaneal bone mineral densities of the boys and girls, respectively, which can be explained by the fat free mass. After weight adjustment, the percentage fat mass was negatively associated with the calcaneal bone mineral density in both sexes. Conclusions : The findings of this study suggest that the fat free mass, among the body compositions, is the major determinant of bone mineral density at the os calcis in Korean children aged 9 to 12 years. Obesity, defined as the percentage fat mass, is assumed to have a negative effect on the calcaneal bone density in children of the same weight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 역연령으로 구분되었던 기존 생물학적 성숙도에 기반한 체력 지표가 아닌 골성숙도를 활용한 생물학적 성숙도에 기반하여 유소년의 신체에 맞는 체계적인 운동을 추천하는 기법을 제안한다. 이를 통해 유소년의 성장기에 개인화된 운동능력 발달을 성취하게 함으로써 국민 체력 증진에 기여하고 체육 공교육 활성화 및 유소년 피트니스 관리 산업 발전에 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.2 s.79
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• pp.143-157
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• 2000

To investigate the developmental stages of dental and skeletal maturation by ages and the correlations among dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist, the author used the cephalograms, orthopantomograms, and hand-and-wrist radiograms of 1055 patients (male 458, female 597) aged 7 to 20 years old. In the cephalograms, the skeletal maturity stages of each bone were mainly assessed by Hassel and Farman's cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) method. In the orthopantomograms, the dental maturity stages of each tooth were mainly assessed by Nolla's tooth calcification stages method. In the hand-and-wrist radiograms, the skeletal maturity stages of each bone were mainly assessed by Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) method. The results were as follows. 1. There was a high correlation among dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist in the both sexes (P<0.001). 2. There was a high correlation (r=0.91-0.93) between skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae and that of hand-and-wrist. 3. There was a high correlation (r>0.8) between skeletal maturity of hand-and-wrist and maturity of upper and lower canine, first premolar, and second premolar. 4. There was high a correlation(r=0.8) between skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae and maturity of upper canine. 5. By the ages, dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist were obtained in the both sexes. In summary, dental maturity, skeletal maturity of cervical vertebrae, and that of hand-and-wrist we of sufficient diagnostic worth as an index to predict adolescent growth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.319-325
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate differences in skeletal maturity in relation to vertical facial types and to compare differences in the skeletal maturity of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist in females. Methods: This study included 59 females aged 7 to 9 years with skeletal Class I malocclusion. The participants were categorized into three groups (low, normal, and high) according to the mandibular plane angle. Skeletal maturity was measured using skeletal maturity indicators (SMIs) and the Tanner-Whitehouse III (TW3) method on hand-wrist radiographs and by using cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMIs) on lateral cephalometric radiographs. Results: The SMI was higher in the high-angle group than in the low-angle group (p = 0.014). The median TW3 bone age was 11.4 months higher in the high-angle group than in the low-angle group (p = 0.032). There was no significant difference in CVMI among the three groups. Skeletal maturity showed a weakly positive correlation with the mandibular plane angle (SMI, r = 0.391; TW3, r = 0.333; CVMI, r = 0.259). Conclusions: The skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist in females with a high mandibular plane angle was higher than that in females with a low mandibular plane angle. Obtaining additional hand-wrist radiographs may facilitate evaluation of skeletal maturity of females. In females with a high mandibular angle, the time to commence orthodontic treatment may be earlier than that in females with a low mandibular angle.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

Purpose: Biphasic calcium phosphates have been of great interest recently. Mixing adequate ratios of hydroxyapatite(HA) and beta-tricalcium phosphate($\beta$-TCP) allowed to control the resorption rate without distorting its osteoconductive property. This study evaluated the bone formation effect of newly developed biphasic calcium phosphate(BCP) in calvarial defect of rabbits. Materials and Methods: 6 male New Zealand rabbits were used. Four defects with 8mm in diameter were created on each animal. BCP with HA/$\beta$-TCP ratio of 7:3 and particle size of $0.5{\sim}1.0\;mm$ was used as the test group and bovine bone with $0.25{\sim}1.0\;mm$ particle size, as the control group. Both test and control group materials were randomly implanted in the calvarial defects and were covered witha polymer membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 12, 24, and 48 weeks of implantation under general euthanasia. Resin blocks were obtained and were stained by masson's trichrome for histological observation. Results: Overall results were uneventful without any defect exposure or inflammation. The amount of new bone formation and bone maturity increased with increase in healing period at both groups. New bone in test group was mostly formed along the material particle surrounded by osteoblasts, and observation of osteoblastic stream was also present. Bone maturity increased as it was closer to thedefect margins. Under the same healing period, the test group showed more bone formation than the control group with more stable bovine bone particles remaining even after 48 weeks, whereas considerable resorption took place in BCP. Almost total defect closure was observed in test group with new bone formation in the central part of the defect. However, limited new bone formation was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, the present study reveals the newly developed BCP to be a good osteoconductive material. However, further studies are needed to be conducted in a different study model with a larger sample size.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.135-148
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• 1987

To investigate the relationship between craniofacial growth and bone maturity of the hand wrist in normal occlusion, the author took cephalogram and handwrist radiogram of 391 students (male 192, female 199) and assessed the measurements of cephalogram according to skeletal maturity stages of the hand and wrist. In this study, four skeketal stages and 36 linear, angular measurements of the cephalometrics were selected. In hand-wrist X-ray the bones used to determine skeletal maturity were the middle phalanges of the third finger, and distal epiphysis of the radius. In cephalogram, the landmark used to measure the angle and length were N, S, Po., Ar., Go., Me., Gn., Pog., Point B, Point A, ANS, PNS, Or., U1, L1, U6, L6 etc.. The results were as follows, 1. The table of mean, standard deviation, p-value from measurements were made in each group and both sex. 2. The increased measurements according to skeletal maturity were anterior cranial bese length, posterior cranial base length, ramus height, anterior facial height, posterior facial height, L1 to mandibular plane (mm), facial plane angle. In contrast to, decreased measurements were genial angle, facial cnvexity and facial plane angle. 3. Denture pattern measurements (IMPA, FMIA, occlusal plane to Go-Gn, interincisal angle, U1 to SN plane, U1 to SN plane, U1 to facial plane, L1 to facial plane etc.) .had nothing to do with skeletal maturity. 4. Skeletal maturity had close relationship with craniofacial growth, but had little to do with tooth development.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.411-424
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate bone formation in the calvaria of rabbit by the concept of guided bone regeneration with titanium mesh membrane. Two different titanium meshes with varying number (353, 565) of pore were utilized in the study. Two surgical sites(T353, T565) were evaluated about whether or not the number of pore may have effect on the bone formation. The animal was sacrificed at 10days, 3 weeks, 6weeks, and 8 weeks after the surgery. Non-decalcified specimens were processed for histologic analysis. 1. Titanium mesh was biocompatible and capable of maintaining the spacemaking. 2. At 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 8 weeks after GBR procedure, bone formation was more in the T353 site than in the T565 site. 3. Soft tissue layer above the regenerated bone was better developed in the T565 site. 4. There was no difference between two membranes in bone maturity with time. Within the above results, titanium mesh with lesser pore in number might be recommended for the early bone formation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.607-613
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• 1989

The validity of the hypothesis that between-breed differences of carcass composition in cattle can be reduced when compared at the same degree of maturity was assessed using carcass data of various breeds obtained from slaughter experiments in Denmark, Japan and Malaysia. All cattle were kept in intensive feeding conditions in this study. With respect to temperate data (Danish and Japanese data), although large between-breed differences were found in carcass composition in the comparison at the same slaughter weight, the differences were reduced when compared at the same degree of maturity. This result supported the above hypothesis. Kedah-Kelantan and their crosses in Malaysian data, however, had more muscle and bone contents but less fat content than temperate breeds, even if compared at the same degree of maturity. This could be attributed to the history that native Kedah-Kelantan breed has adapted itself in the direction of decreasing fat deposition which requires much energy and prevents heat evaporation, in order to survive under high temperature and high humiodity conditions in Malaysia. In spite of the same tropical breed, carcass composition of Sahiwal-Friesian was similar to that of other temperate breeds at the same degree of maturity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.760-772
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of quality of life for bone marrow transplant (BMT) survivors and to gain understanding of nursing interventions that may improve QOL in this population. The data was gathered from 32 BMT survivors using seven open-ended questions. The items were based on previous research of Ferrell et al., (1992). Content analysis was performed on written responses to seven questions regarding BMT and QOL. The results were as follows : 1. The meaning of QOL for BMT survivors were "being healt", "being able to take a role", "having relationships", "self-accomplishment", "peace of mind", "spiritual well-being", "economic stability" and "being alive". 2. The impact of BMT on physical well-being were "skin impairment", "digestive problems", "infections ", "fatigue/weakness", "arthralgia", "eye dryness". "weight gain", "amenorrhea" and "hand tremor". 3. The impact of BMT on psychological well-being were "fear of recurrence", "sence of peace" and "hope". 4. The impact of BMT on socioeconomic status were "financial burden", "limitation of social activities" and "sence of withdrawal". 5. The impact of BMT on spiritual well-being were "dependency on Supreme Being", "spiritual arousal " and "spiritual maturity". The findings of the study will be useful in constructing a instrument to measure QOL in BMT and in understanding the conceptual basis of QOL for the BMT population.ency on Supreme Being", "spiritual arousal " and "spiritual maturity". The findings of the study will be useful in constructing a instrument to measure QOL in BMT and in understanding the conceptual basis of QOL for the BMT population.L for the BMT population.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.187-200
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• 1996

After loss of tooth, initial healing process is critical to preserve residual alveolar process. This study was conducted to compare the effect of hydroxylapatite particle synthetic graft and guided tissue regeneration procedure on healing of extraction wounds in 5 mongrel dogs. To investigate the maturity of bone and velocity of bone heating, bone-labeled tracers were used. After 16 weeks healing period, dogs were sacrificed. The specimens were treated with Villanueva bone stain. Fluorescence microscopy and polarized microscopy were performed to exam the pattern of bone formation in the extraction socket. The results were following ; 1. Pattern of bone regeneration in the group of hydroxylapatie graft and the group of membrane protection after hydroxylapatite graft was following ; bone regeneration was slow, regenerated bone was immature, and thickness of cortical layer was thin compare to that of untreated control group. 2. Cortical layers in membrane protected group were somewhat thicker but less condense to that of untreated control group. 3. Infiltration of inflammation cells were found in the groups using hydroxylapatite graft and membrane. We concluded that grafting of replamineform hydroxylapatite particles into the extraction socket delayed healing of the wound and disturbed the formation of cortical bone at the roof of extraction socket. The placement of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes on the extraction socket promotes the bone regeneration. But newly formed bone in cortical layer consists of the cortico-cancellous bone in comparison with the cortical bone of the control group.