• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.571-578
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• 2015

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. In this study, we investigated immune responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells after activation by dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and/or PEP-3 peptide in vitro. Bone marrow-derived DC from the bone marrow of the C57BL/6 were induced to mature by using the cytokine of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4, and loaded with either the freeze-thaw antigen or PEP-3 peptide or both of them. Maturation of DCs was detected by flow cytometry. The killing efficiency of the CTLs on TRAMP-C2 cells were detected by flow cytometry, CCK8, colony formation, transwell migration, and wound-healing assay. The levels of the IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\beta}$ and IL-12 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the unloaded DCs, the loaded DCs had significantly increased expression of several phenotypes related to DC maturation. CTLs activated by DCs loaded with freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide had more evident cytotoxicity against TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro. The secretion levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\beta}$ and IL-12, secreted by DCs loaded with antigen and PEP-3 and interaction with T cells, were higher than in the other groups. Our results suggest that the CTLs activated by DCs loaded with TRAMP-C2 freeze-thaw antigen and PEP-3 peptide exert a remarkable killing efficiency against TRAMP-C2 cells in vitro.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2004

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is the malignant part of mesenchymal cell-originated tumor, which is supposed that the tumor is presented various histologic features consisted of fibrosarcomatic and histiocytic portions. When the tumor is arisen in the head and neck region, the most affected sites are the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, and secondly the maxillary alveolar bone is occasionally influenced. Therefore, MFH can readily involve the adjacent alveolar bone. The treatment of MFH in the head and neck is various, that is, the involved sites and the differentiation of tumor must be considered when the tumor is treated. The treatment protocols are subjected to general ones of soft tissue sarcoma, and simple or combination therapy is used in the surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. So, we report a clinical case of chemotherapy involving intraarterial chemotherapy, and surgery of malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) in the maxilla, with review of the literature.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2701-2705
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• 2015

Chondrosarcoma, the second most common type of bone malignancy, is characterized by distant metastasis and local invasion. Previous studies have shown that treatment by pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has beneficial effects on various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of PEMF applied for 3 and 7 days on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells stimulated with two different doses of $IL-1{\beta}$. SW1353 cells were treated with (0.5 and 5 ng/ml) $IL-1{\beta}$ and PEMF exposure was applied either 3 or 7 days. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured in conditioned media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were relative to protein levels. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered significant. PEMF treatment significantly decreased MMP-9 protein levels in human chondrosarcoma cells stimulated with 0.5 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta}$ at day 7, whereas it did not show any effect on cells stimulated with 5 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta}$. There was no significant change in TIMP-1 protein levels either by $IL-1{\beta}$ stimulation or by PEMF treatment. The results of this study showed that PEMF treatment suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$-mediated upregulation of MMP-9 protein levels in a dual effect manner. This finding may offer new perspectives in the therapy of bone cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5261-5264
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• 2015

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of serum free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio (%fPSA) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with different serum total PSA (tPSA) categories. Materials and Methods: From January 2010 to December 2013, a total of 225 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) underwent tPSA and %fPSA measurements. Histological examination with calculation of Gleason score and whole body bone scans were performed in identified cases of PCa. Results: PCa was diagnosed in 44 (19.6%) patients and the remaining 181 patients had benign prostate disease. PCa was detected in 5 (23.8%), 13 (8.7%) and 26 (47.3%) cases with tPSA level ranges ${\leq}4ng/ml$, 4 to 10 ng/ml and >10 ng/ml, respectively. The average Gleason score was $7.2{\pm}0.2$. Some 6 (13.6%) out of 44 PCa patients had bone metastases. The sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 81.3% at the cut-off %fPSA of 15% in PCa patients with a tPSA level below 4 ng/mL. A lower %fPSA was associated with PCa patients with Gleason score ${\geq}7$ than those with Gleason score ${\leq}6$ ($11.7{\pm}0.98$ vs. $16.5{\pm}2.25%$, P=0.029). No obvious relation of %fPSA to the incidence of bone metastasis was apparent in this study. Conclusions: The clinical application of %fPSA could help to discriminate PCa from benign prostate disease in men with a tPSA concentration below 4 ng/mL.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2017

Accumulation of tissue macrophages is a significant characteristic of disease-associated chronic inflammation, and facilitates the progression of disease pathology. However, the functional roles of these bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in aging are unclear. Here, we identified age-dependent macrophage accumulation in the bone marrow, showing that aging significantly increases the number of M1 macrophages and impairs polarization of BMDMs. We found that age-related dysregulation of BMDMs is associated with abnormal overexpression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. BMDM dysregulation in aging impairs the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in B-cell maturation and activation. Phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat cells by BMDMs was reduced because of low expression of phagocytic receptor CD14, indicating that increased apoptotic cells may result from defective phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in the BM of aged mice. Therefore, CD14 may represent a promising target for preventing BMDM dysregulation, and macrophage accumulation may provide diagnostic and therapeutic clues.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5243-5245
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• 2016

Background and Objective : Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays an essential role in mesenchymal cell differentiation into osteoblasts، through many intracellular pathways which may also be active in tumors. Invasive oral squamous cell carcinomas account for more than 90% of head and neck malignancies in many cancer registries. They are classified into three types according to epithelial cell differentiation. The present study aimed to identify any relation between BMP-2 expression and tumor histology. Materials and methods: BMP-2 expression was compared immunohistochemically among 30 cases (19 male and 11 female, mean age 48 years) of oral squamous cell carcinoma, Division was into 3 groups (each containing 10 cases) according to the histological grade. Results: No significant correlation between BMP-2 expression and histological grade was observed. Changes in localization and cytoplasmic staining were also not apparent. Conclusion: From the results of this study BMP-2 does not appear to have any application as a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinomas.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-127
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• 2015

Objectives : Most of pains are important symptoms caused by cancer transpered to spine. Harpagophyti Radix Pharmacopuncture is highly effective in reducing fever, pain, inflammation but was never used to reduce pain from cancer transpered to spine. So I intended to use Harpagophyti Radix Pharmacopuncture to control pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical application of Harpagophyti Radix Pharmacopuncture for Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer and Spinal Stenosis. Methods : We examined patient with Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer and Spinal Stenosis who admitted Jaseng Korean Medicine Hospital. The patient was treated by Korean Medicine treatment and Harpagophyti Radix Pharmacopuncture. This case was assessed by Numerical Rating Scale(NRS), Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index(ODI), Short-Form 36 Health Survey(SF-36), ROM(Range of Movement) and Special Test. Results : In this study, the patient's pain was controlled and NRS, ODI were decreased. I could identify the improvement in life quality from the positive change of SF-36 and also found out that treatment was successful from the improvement of ROM, Special test. Conclusions : Harpagophyti Radix Pharmacopuncture with Korean Medicine treatment for Bone Metastasis of Breast Cancer and Spinal Stenosis was proved to be useful to the pain relief and function recovery, but further research should take place for clear understanding of the exact amount of dosage and safety. Moreover it must be accompanied by long term follow up research.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this case report is to examine clinical application of Traditional Korean medicine including aconitum ciliare decaisne pharmacopuncture for cancer pain caused by bone metastasis of non small cell lung cancer. Methods : The patient diagnosed as non small cell lung cancer was treated with pharmacopuncture, acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine. We used NRS(Numeric rating scale) and ECOG PS(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status) to observe the effect of the treatment. Results : After the treatment, NRS of cancer pain and ECOG PS score decreased. Also, the frequency of using rapid-onset opioids decreased. Conclusions : This study suggests Traditional Korean medicine treatment including aconitum ciliare decaisne pharmacopuncture is effective in cancer pain control caused by metastasis to bone with multiple organs with non small cell lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5293-5299
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• 2013

Purpose: High levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) have been reported in patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to assess correlations between serum BMP-2 levels and prognostic outcome in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Blood samples from 84 patients with advanced NSCLC and 42 healthy controls were analyzed and quantitated for serum BMP-2 levels before and after two cycles of chemotherapy using a commercially available ELISA kit. Results: The median level of BMP-2 was 146.9 pg/ml in patients with NSCLC vs. 87.7 pg/ml in healthy controls (P<0.01). A significant correlation was observed between pretreatment serum BMP-2 level and ECOG PS, disease stage and number of organs with metastases (P<0.05). Serum BMP-2 level decreased significantly in patients who achieved objective response after two cycles of chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that increased BMP-2 level and advanced clinical stage were significantly correlated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: Thes erum BMP-2 level is positively correlated with clinical stage, ECOG PS and metastatic burden and may serve as an independent negative predictor for prognosis. Decreased BMP-2 after chemotherapy could be a reliable marker for efficacy of treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1988

Because carcinoma of breast is known to readily metastasize to the bone, early detection of metastasis spread is very important. Two hundred thirty four consecutive patients who had $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ bone scans prior to treatment and during the follow up period were studied retrospectively to determine the contribution of the scans to staging, treatment and follow up examination between Jan. 1980 and Apr. 1987 in Seoul National University Hospital. 1) Positive bone scan rates in initial clinical stage I, II, III and IV were 0%, 4%, 14% and 53%, respectively. 2) The higher clinical stage is, the more cumulative risk of conversion to positive bone scan is during the same follow up period. 3) Conversion rate to positive bone scan in patients with lymph node metastasis is higher (50%) than those without metastasis (18%) (P < 0.001). We concluded that the bone scan in primary breast cancer was very useful to evaluate initial clinical stage and to perform the follow up examination.