• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.531-537
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• 2009

Purpose: Alveolar bone grafting has become an essential process in the treatmemt of alveolar cleft patient for stabilization of the maxillary arch, elimination of oronasal fistula, the reconstruction of the soft tissue nasal base support, and creation of bony support for tooth eruption for implant. The use of Autologous iliac cancellous bone is preferable because of the adequate quantity and high osteoinductive potential. However, even with iliac bone, insufficient osteoregeneration and absorption occur due to several factors such as the patient's age, cleft width, functional stress, and others. In order to increase osteoregeneration where the iliac bone is placed, the present study is associated with bone marrow aspirate (BMA). The experimental study evaluated the efficacy of osteoregeneration in normal cleft rabbits when alveolar bone grafting was performed with autologous iliac corticocancellous bone. Methods: Twenty - four New Zealand White rabbits were divided randomly into 2 groups (BMA, control). All animals underwent harvesting of corticocancellous bone graft from the right posterior iliac crest via standard surgical technique. $1m{\ell}$ of BMA were obtained by scraping the needle and aspirate with $10m{\ell}$ syringe from the contralateral iliac bone wall. The muco - periosteal flap on the palate was elevated. A mixture of Equal bone's volumes with BMA and saline as its control was inserted into the cleft. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks and maxilla was harvested for dental peri - apical X-ray, bone matrix density (BMD),and histologic analysis. Result: BMD of regenerated bone to the cleft in the rabbits was higher than that of the control rabbits. X-ray, histologic analysis showed that increased osteoregeneration and low absorption rate were observed in the BMA group. Conclusion: Our experimental study showed BMA enhanced the osteoregeneration and survival rate of alveolar bone grafting. BMA is easy to extract & cost - time effective. So it can be an effective enhancers for bone grafting mixtures.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.645-654
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• 2004

This study examined the effect of excess calcium (Ca) on the iron (Fe) bioavailability and bone growth of marginally Fe deficient animals. Two groups of weanling female SD rats were fed either normal Fe (35 ppm) or Fe deficient diet (8 ppm) for 3 weeks. Then each group of animals were assigned randomly to one of three groups and were fed one of six experimental diets additionally for 4 weeks, containing normal (35 ppm) or low (15 ppm) Fe and one of three levels of Ca as normal (0.5%), high (1.0%), or excess (1.5%). Feces and urine were collected during the last 3 days of treatment. After sacrifice blood, organs, and femur bone were collected for analysis. Final body weight and average food intake were not affected by either the levels of dietary Ca or Fe. Low Fe diet significantly reduced the level of serum ferritin, however, for Hb, Hct, and TIBC no difference was shown than those in the normal Fe group. TIBC increased slightly by high and excess Ca intake in low Fe groups. For both normal and low Fe groups, high and excess Ca intakes reduced the apparent absorption of Fe and Fe contents of liver significantly (p < 0.05). Calcium contents in kidney and Femur of rats that were fed high and excess levels of Ca were significantly greater than those of normal Ca groups. However, weight, length, and breaking force of the bone were not affected by increased Ca intakes. Both in control and low Fe groups, high and excess intakes of Ca decreased the apparent absorption of Ca. These results indicate that the excess intakes of calcium than the normal needs would be undesirable for Fe bioavailability and that the adverse effects be more serious in marginally iron deficient growing animals. In addition bone growth and strength would not be favorably affected by high Ca intakes, though, the long term effect of increased Ca contents in bone requires further examination.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1997

Dietary peptides have recently received attention regarding their beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism since the caseinphosphoptides obtained from casein hydrolysate are generally believed to enhance the intestinal absorption of Ca. The two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of various hydrolyzed fractions of gluten on Ca bioavailability. The gluten hydrolysate of dietary components was produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten whereas gluten hydrolysate supernationt and its precipiate resulted from centrifugation. In experiment I, the rats were for 4 weeks fed the 4 kinds of diets containing same amount of nitrogen and calories and diffeing only in the forms of nitrogen sources. The diets were gluten (G), gluten hydrolysat(GH), gluten hydrolysate supernatant(GHS) and gluten hydrolysate precipitatie(GHP). Determination was made for the body weight gain, serum Ca concentration, Ca solubility in small intestinal contents, bone weight, length and stength, bone ash and Ca content, and Ca balance, respectively. No significant difference was noticed as regards growth, serum Ca, and bone dimension and Ca content among rat groups. More significant increase was observed with regard to Ca absorption and intestinal solubility in the rats receiving the GH or GHS diet which containe crude gluten peptides, than in those subjected to G or GHP diet. In experiment II, in vitro determination for Ca solubility was made to ascertain the mechanism responsible for the effects of gluten peptides on Ca absorption. The 10mM Ca in potassium phosphate buffer solution(pH 7.0) incubated for 3 hours at 37$^{\circ}C$ by the GHS fraction, was observed to be capable of increasing the Ca solubility at 5-25mg/ml concentration of gluten peptides. These observations suggest that the gluten peptides from gluten hydrolysate may enhance the Ca absorption efficiency by increasing the solubility of Ca in small intestine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.309-319
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• 2022

Metabolic bone diseases are serious health issues worldwide, since several million individuals over the age of 50 are at risk of bone damage and should be worried about their bone health. One in every two women and one in every four men will break a bone during their lifetime due to a metabolic bone disease. Early detection, raising bone health awareness, and maintaining a balanced healthy diet may reduce the risk of skeletal fractures caused by metabolic bone diseases. This review compiles information on the most common metabolic bone diseases (osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, and fluorosis disease) seen in the global population, including their symptoms, mechanisms, and causes, as well as discussing their prevention and the development of new drugs for treatment. A large amount of research literature suggests that balanced nutrition and balanced periodic supplementation of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D can improve re-absorption and the regrowth of bones, and inhibit the formation of skeletal fractures, except in the case of hereditary bone diseases. Meanwhile, new and improved drug formulations, such as raloxifene, teriparatide, sclerostin, denosumab, and abaloparatide, have been successfully developed and administered as treatments for metabolic bone diseases, while others (romososumab and odanacatib) are in various stages of clinical trials.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2197-2202
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• 2011

In this study, we propose a new short dental implant and investigate its bio-mechanical characteristics by using three dimensional finite element analyses. The proposed dental implant has the central cavity which can be integrated with the core of cancellous bone remained by trepanning drill. We take the Bicon short implant as a reference model for studying the effects according to the shape of cavity. The parametric finite element model using ANSYS APDL has been built to determine which length, diameter and thread of central cavity would be effective to dissipate stress. The reduction of undesirable stress in adjacent bone which can suppress bone defects and the eventual failure of implants. The numerical results shows that the cavity of well-determined shape has the beneficial effects on reducing the bone absorption in cancellous bone.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.509-522
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• 2004

This study was performed to compare the clinical effectiveness of two regenerative techniques for class II furcation involvements in human: a combination of bone grafts with PRP vs. GTR with bone grafts. The e-PTFE group was treated with non-absorbable membrane and bone grafts, the PRP group was treated with PRP and bone grafts Pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession were measured at baseline and postoperative 6 months. Vertical and horizontal furcation depth were measured by re-entry surgeries at 6 months post-treatment Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test & Mann-whitney Test using SPSS program (5% significance level). The results were as follows: 1. The change of pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical furcation depth and horizontal furcation depth in both groups was decreased significantly at 6 months than at baseline. (p<0.05) 2. The change of gingival recession in both groups was increased significantly at 6 months than at baseline. (p<0.05) 3. The change of alveolar crest absorption in both groups was increased at 6 months than at baseline but there were no statistically significant differences. 4. The change of pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical furcation depth and horizontal furcation depth in both groups was increased significantly at 6 months, but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. 5. The change of gingival recession and alveolar crest absorption in both groups was increased at 6 months, but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. In conclusion, the use of bone graft with PRP or GTR technique improved clinical index of the soft and hard tissue in mandibular class II furcation involvement but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences between bone graft with PRP and GTR technique.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of a lactic acid extract of Sargassum horneri (ExSL) as a calcium supplement on bone formation in 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks of their growth phase. The rats were divided into four groups based on diet: two calcium-sufficient and two calcium-deficient diets. The normal control group (NC) was fed AIN-93G; the NCS group was fed the same diet containing 1% extract; the calcium-deficient control (DC) diet was based on AIN-93G; and the DCS group received the same calcium-deficient diet plus 1% extract. Bone formation in the rats was evaluated using the wet weight, length, diameter, and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur. Serum parameters were also examined. The food intake among the groups did not differ significantly (P<0.05). The NCS group gained the most body weight, while the DC group gained much less weight than the other groups. The feeding efficiencies of the groups that received the extract (NCS and DCS) were slightly higher than those of the control groups (NC and DC). The calcium intakes of all groups depended on the amount of calcium in the feed; the NCS and DCS diets contained 12.15 mg more calcium than the NC and DC diets. The calcium absorption was lower in NCS than in DC and DCS, but significantly higher than in NC (P<0.05). The BMDs in the calcium-sufficient groups were not significantly different (P<0.05), while in the calcium-deficient groups the BMD was significantly higher in DCS than in DC (P<0.05). The serum calcium and phosphorus levels in all groups were not associated with markers of bone growth related to the extract. The osteocalcin content and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were higher in the calcium-deficient groups than in the normal groups (P<0.05). Ultimately, the osteocalcin content and ALPase activity were lower in DCS compared to DC. These results suggest that the addition of ExSL promotes bone formation and calcium absorption in growing rats.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.466-472
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• 2012

The loss of mandibular continuity due to trauma, neoplasm, or infection results in major esthetic and biologic compromise. The reconstruction of the mandibular bone defect still poses a challenge to oral and maxillofacial surgeons. There have been a number of variety graft materials. Among them, free block bone graft with rigid fixation has been widely used. However, cases using free block bone grafts may lead to a marked invasion of the donor site, mal-union, and absorption of the block bone. In this respect, particulate cortical bone using a titanium mesh tray can be an effective alternative option in order to achieve a proper bone contour and good oral rehabilitation. We have developed an intraoral approach for the mandibular reconstruction method using a titanium mesh tray with autogenous particulate cortical bone graft.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1981

This experiment was performed to investigate the response of inorganic substances in alveolar bone in relation to the experimental tooth movement. Right canine in maxillary jaw was tipped in cats by coil springs generating 80 gm. force, in mandibular jaw, the force was 100 gm. force. Cats were divided into five groups and orthodontically treated for one hour, 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, respectively. Alveolar bone samples were obtained from tension and compression sites as well as from contralateral control sites. The level of calcium of alveolar bone was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inorganic phosphorus was measured by spectrophotometry. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In tension and compression site of maxillary alveolar bone, calcium levels were decreased at 1, 7 and 14 days, but recovered at 28 days. 2. The levels of inorganic phosphorus in compression site of maxillary alveolar bone had little change but in tension site of maxillary alveolar bone , phosphorous levels were decreased, 3. Calcium levels in tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone were decreased, especially at 28 days. 4. In tension and compression site of mandibular alveolar bone, inorganic phosphorus were slightly decreased from 1 day.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.716-728
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of dietary Ca levels on metabolic changes of Ca and skeleton in postmenopausal women, 10-month-old ovariectomized female rats were compared with 2 month old rats. The rats were fed either 0.2% or 1.2% Ca diets for 16 weeks. Food intake and weight gain as higher in rats fed high Ca diets and in ovariectomized rats. Apparent Ca absorption as higher, and Ca balance was lower in the low Ca groups. Vertebrae density was higher in old rats or those fed a high Ca diets. The old rats and ovariectomized rats showed decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption and kidney function deterioration resulting in increased urinary Ca excretion. Contradictory to the above observation, old rats and ovariectomized rats still showed higher bone mass and bone ash content. Therefore aging was not fully onging in 10-month-old rats. Bone weights, mineral contents, and mineral/wt ratio were lower in ovariectomized rats. Dietary Ca level did not affect urinary Ca excretion, urinary protein excretion, GFR, serum alkaline phosphatase, or urinary hydroxyporline excretion. This means that dietary Ca level did not influence kidney function or bone turnover. However Ca content and the ash content of femur, 4th vertebra, and scapula were increased in high Ca groups. Therefore, it is considered that decreased bone formation and accelerated bone resorption may account for the increased osteoporotic risk in women in menopause after middle age. However, Ca metabolism can be improved and bone components can be maintained if Ca is supplemented.