• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to investigate influence of body build on body composition, energy metabolic state and insulin concentration of blood. 29 male athletes and 36 male non-athletic students were recruited for the study. Anthropometry including chest depth and breadth, fat mass, fat fee mass, tricep skinfold thickness were measured. fasting glucose, lactate, triglyceride, fee fatty acid, and insulin concentration in serum were measured . Body build was assessed using metric index, which calculated by regression equations of Mohr and Greil. The athletic and non-athletic students were allocated to 3 body build, that is leptomorph, mesomorph, and pyknomorph. Resting metabolic rate was calculated. Respiratory quotient was determined through ratio of measured VO$_2$, and V$CO_2$. Most non-athletes have a leptomorphic body build, in contrast to athletes mesomorphic type. The body build type influenced body composition differently between non-athletic group and athletic group. Weight, body mass index, body fat mass and fat mass proportion (%), and fat-free mass increased from leptomorph to pyknormorph in non-athletic group. Pyknormorphic athletes have a significant higher body mass index, fat mass, fat free mass than other body build type. Serum glucose, triglyceride, lactate, insulin showed significant differences only in non-athletic group between leptomorph and mesomorph. RMR increased significantly from leptomorph to mesomorph in non-athletes. There was no significant difference of RQ among 3 body build types in both athletes and non-athletes. This study gives a coherent data on body build and body composition for athletes and non-athletes students. The influence of body builds on energy metabolic status of serum was different between athletes and non-athletes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1414-1419
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• 2009

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trivalent chromium from different sources on growth, carcass composition, and serum parameters in finishing pigs. Ninety-six crossbred pigs with an initial average body weight of 65.57${\pm}$1.05 kg were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to four treatments with three replicates. Pigs were offered one of four diets including a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium from either chromium chloride ($CrCl_{3}$), chromium picolinate (CrPic) or chromium nanocomposite (CrNano) for 40 days. After completion of the feeding trial, eight pigs from each treatment were selected to collect blood samples, and slaughtered to measure carcass composition. The results showed that supplemental chromium had no significant effect on growth performance, while CrNano increased carcass lean proportion and loin Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05), and decreased carcass fat proportion and 10th rib backfat depth (p<0.05). CrPic supplementation also resulted in lower fat proportion and larger Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05). The addition of Cr from CrNano or CrPic decreased serum glucose (p<0.05) and increased concentrations of total protein and free fat acid in serum (p<0.05). Serum urea nitrogen, triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased (p<0.05), and serum high density lipoprotein and lipase activity were increased (p<0.05) with the supplementation of CrNano. Serum insulin was decreased (p<0.05) by supplemental Cr from CrNano or CrPic, and serum insulin-like growth factor I was increased significantly in the CrNano treated group. These results suggest that chromium nanocomposite has higher efficacy on carcass composition in pigs compared to the traditional chromium sources.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.176-189
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• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated differences and shifting patterns in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of 5-year gastric cancer survivors after either a distal subtotal gastrectomy (DSG) or total gastrectomy (TG). Materials and Methods: We analyzed the prospectively collected HRQoL data of 528 patients who survived 5 years without recurrence using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Stomach module according to the type of surgery. The purpose was to identify the proportion of patients with deteriorating HRQoL and to assess the clinical significance of these changes. Results: Deteriorating HRQoL was prevalent in both groups, including a large proportion of the DSG group. Decreased overall health status and scores on several function scales were less in the DSG group, while increases on the symptom scales were higher in the TG group. For most of the scales, gaps in HRQoL during the early postoperative period did not merge within the 5 years. Scores on the diarrhea and body image scales revealed "moderate changes" in both groups. Conclusions: During the 5-year period after surgery, the TG group suffered from inferior HRQoL compared to the DSG group. However, a large proportion of the DSG group also suffered HRQoL deterioration. In general, the TG group experienced more HRQoL decline, with diarrhea and body image being the major concerns for both groups. To improve HRQoL after gastrectomy, patients must be better informed about post-gastrectomy symptoms. These symptoms must be vigorously investigated, and medical interventions should be available parallel to nutritional support. Favorable evidence of function-preserving gastrectomy should be established and disseminated to improve the HRQoL of early gastric cancer patients.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2005

최근 자동차 메이커간의 인수 합병 등으로 차량 제조기술의 평준화와 전반적인 차량성능의 향상으로 자동차 시장은 소비의 성숙단계에 접어들고 있다. 그와 아울러 차량의 신규구매 수요는 감소하고 대체수요 중심으로 변화되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이에 따라 하드웨어(hardware)를 중심으로 하는 기술적 특성보다는 소프트웨어(software)적인 성격을 가진 디자인의 비중이 상대적으로 높아지는 것이 최근의 자동차 개발과 소비의 특징이라고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 특성으로 인해 디자인에서 높은 창의성과 완성도를 확보하기 위한 방안으로 거시적(巨視的) 안목에서 조형작업과 그에 따른 감성의 구현과 관련된 조형문법(shape grammar)의 개념이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 승용차의 스타일에서 형태에 의한 기호(記號 sign)와 그것의 인식(認識, perception)과정에 매개하는 특성인자(特性因子)로써 차체 각 부분의 비례를 고찰하고, 그것을 거시적 이미지의 조형문법개념 형성의 수단으로의 활용 가능성을 살펴보았다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leg length discrepancy (LLD) on the human body during gait and standing posture. Methods: The study group comprised of 17 adult participants with LLDs of <1 cm. LLDs were artificially induced to 0, 1, 2, and 3 cm. The proportion of weight distribution, shift of the mean center of pressure, and Cobb's angle were measured in the standing position. Kinematic variables such as walking and striding width and time, and the proportion of stance phase for single- and double-limb gait were measured as well. The participants were required to either stand or walk on a treadmill (Zebris FDM) with a pressure plate, and the Cobb's angle measurements were obtained from radiographs. Results: A discrepancy of 3 cm in leg length resulted in a statistically significant shift of the center of pressure in the standing position. Moreover, the Cobb angle increased as the discrepancy became larger. The step length and width of the longer (left) leg during gait statistically significantly increased when the discrepancy was 2 cm. In addition, step time was statistically significant when the discrepancy between the longer (right) and shorter (left) legs was more than 2 cm. The proportion of single-limb stance phase was statistically significant as the discrepancy became larger, especially when the discrepancy was >2 cm for the longer (right) leg and 1 cm for the shorter (right) leg. Conclusion: The study showed that LLD influenced deformations of the human body and walking.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.128-141
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• 1996

The pourpose of this study is to determine the exact size which can be the basic elements of the fashion design with the measurement of middle-aged women's body, and to grasp the peculiar tomato type of the middle-aged women by compacting each measurement and examing the change of body shape. Making 215 house wives about 40 to 55 years old the subject of this research, we measured the body size from June to August, 1994. After analyzing the data through the 43 item.; of the body measurement, grasping the characteristics of the tomato type, we classified three types of physical standard and looked into the element of body structure. The results were as follows; 1. The average Rohrer index of middle-aged women in Tas-gu is about 1.5 and they usually seem to be fat compared with other groups. 2. Age has much influence on the body change of middle-aged women. Especially around 45 years old, the body change showed remarkable. 3. When analyzing the elements of the body measurement, the biggest elements of middle -aged women's body structure are in the items of width, thickness and girth related to the expansion of body line. Therefore in the middle age, the thickness and the girth have more influence on the human body than the height and the length, so the items of thickness and girth is the most important factor in the somato type. 4. In the slim body and standard body, the thirst factor is the items of height and length related to vertical size and the second is the items of width and thickness and girth. In ice fat body the first factor is the items of width, thickness, girth and the second is those of height, length. Unlike other body shapes, the fat body has many factors, which shows that the fat body has much variation in each part in proportion to fatness.

• 복식
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2007

Clothes and human body are inseparably related. Aesthetic consciousness of the body determines the form of clothing, reflecting the time and culture as well as the individual and society. Clothes can even reorganize the meaning of the body, while transcending their instrumental functions of protecting, expanding and deforming the body. Using 'body' to analyze the clothing form, my study develops a framework by which to classify transfiguration in fashion design. In order to inquire tile formative style and aesthetic values expressed in transfiguration in fashion, my study examines subjects from the discourse on the body to the fashion collections of the late 20th and 21st century. The results of the study are as follows. Transfiguration signifies absence of body which questions the three dimensional construction of the body in more conventional clothing system. Transfiguration is expressed in non-figural forms which implies metaphorical plasticity and abstract extensity. Transfiguration in fashion stresses a will-to-form rather than mere bodily proportion and structure, which explores trans-extensity that goes beyond the boundary of the body. Ultimately, this phase also betrays the correspondence between signifiant and $signifi\acute{e}$ in sartorial convention. Aesthetic ideal of the body is visualized in the form of a dress. Some clothes prioritize the body, particularly the feminine bodily curves, while others focus on the clothing itself as abstract and sculptural forms. Fashion continues to explore forms and images that transcend the traditional representations of the clothed body. As a type of intimate architecture, fashion always mediates the dialogue between clothes and body, or fashion and figure. My study suggests a framework to analyze bodily representation in transfiguration in fashion, focusing on the relationship between the clothes and body.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

최근 육계의 체지방 과다축적현상은 큰 문제로 되어 있다. 이는 육계가 생리적요구량 이상으로 에너지를 섭취하기 때문에 일어난 현상이다. 많은 문헌들을 종합하여 보면 육계의 품종, 계통, 성, 연령, 사료조건, 운동정도, 환경온도 및 사육방법 등이 체내 지폐축적에 영향을 미치는 요인인 것 같다. 이들 요인들은 지방조직의 지방세포의 수와 크기를 좌우하는 것이 다. 육계를 도살하지 않고 체내 지방축적량을 추정하기 위한 여러 가지 생체조사측정치 중에서 흉부우역의 피층두께와 그의 지방함률이 복강지방량과 비교적 높은 상관을 보이고 있지만, 이들의 상관계수는 체지방량 추정에 이용할 수 있을 정도로 높은 것은 아니다. 대부분의 보고들은 체중이 큰 쪽으로 선발해 나갈 때 주어진 일령에서 체지방량도 증가되고 있으나 일부 보고들을 보면 체중 위주의 선발을 하여가도 같은 체중에선 지방축적량에 변화가 없다. 한편 사료효율이 좋은 쪽으로 선발하여 갈 경우는 체지방 축적량이 줄어들고 반대로 단백질과 수분함량이 높아진다. 따라서 체중위주의 선발이 반드시 포만 현상을 초래한다고 결론하기는 어려우나, 사료효율 개선방향의 선발은 포만현상을 완화시킨다고 결론할 수 있을 것 같다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the experience and perception among adult women regarding weight control and the consumption of weight-control foods or health functional foods based on their body mass index (BMI). Methods: The subjects were 634 adult women from the Chungcheong province, Korea, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from July 2021 through September 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups based on their BMI status: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m², 7.6%), normal weight (18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/m², 53.3%), overweight (23 ~ 24.9 kg/m², 19.7%), and obese (≥ 25 kg/m², 19.4%). Results: Over the past 3 years, almost two-thirds (68.6%) of the adult women had tried weight control measures, despite the fact that a significant proportion of them were normal or underweight. More importantly, 57.6% of subjects reported the consumption of weight-control foods, with a lower proportion in the underweight (35.4%) group compared to the normal (56.2%), overweight (62.4%), and obese (65.0%) groups. The food items used for weight control were mostly salads, chicken breasts, low fat (soy) milk, slimming tea, protein shakes, low-calorie cereals, and energy/protein bars among others. In addition, one-third (31.1%) of the subjects reported the use of health functional foods containing ingredients for fat reduction. A significantly higher proportion of these was from the overweight (36.0%) and obese (38.2%) groups compared to the underweight (20.8%) and normal weight (28.1%) groups. Products containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green tea, or Cissus extract, were popular among users. Subjects who were obese had a poorer perception of their health and body. Most subjects felt the need for correct information regarding weight control, but this number was significantly more in the higher BMI groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of weight-control foods or health functional foods is popular among adult women, especially those who are obese. Thus, nutrition education courses covering facts about weight control and practice need to be developed and provided based on the BMI status of subjects.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.595-602
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• 2007

This study examined the aesthetic characteristics of Grecian style which is being considered as the representative classic of Western fashion and the transformations of those Grecian styles on the fashion of the twentieth century. This study used positive research method using literatures on art history and clothing history, fashion related publications, and magazines and websites to understand the trend of fashion designer's collections. The study results are as follows. The aesthetic characteristics of Grecian style was considered to be the ideal beauty combined with symmetry, the functional beauty combined with non-construction, and the sensual beauty combined with natural body. The ideal beauty combined with symmetry appears as a style that shows idealistic proportion of a body emphasizing high-waist based on the golden ratio and the body as a whole rather than details. The functional beauty combined with non-construction appears as perfect recreation a body in its original and natural form. The clothing takes a form that does not have any structural design and has simplified cutting and sewing. It uses pins and strings to fix up the form of clothing which is flexible and naturally draped. The sensual beauty combined with natural body is found in natural silhouette dress alluding naked body in connection with Rousseau' naturalism in neoclassic period. Throughout the twentieth century, the desire for Grecian style was conveyed by a single detail or through an array of allusive effects.