• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.977-987
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• 1997

The present study was designed to see what the local cooling of different body regions especially head and neck, hands and feet effect physiological responses in cold environment. Four male subjects wore garments covering whole body except face and rested for 20 min and then they rested for 40 min with uncovered head, neck, hands and feet, respectively in a cold environment(10$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5%R.H.) 1. Rectal temperature increased when hands and feet were exposed to cold environment respectively, and when head and neck, hands and feet were exposed to cold environment together. 2. Exposed skin temperatures fell in cold environment. And hands temperature was lower than any other exposed skin temperatures. The hands temperature was significantly lower when head was exposed than when head was covered. And the feet temperature were significantly lower when hands were exposed than when hands were covered. 3. Mean skin temperature was the lowest when head and neck, hands and feet were exposed simultaneously, In conclusion, skin temperatures of extremities were decreased due to exposure to the cold environment. Especially upper extremities were lower than lower extremities by exposed parts of the body. It seemed that the extremities played the role of cold receptors but head and neck didn't. And there were large heat losses from the unprotected head and neck. In cold environment of 1$0^{\circ}C$ , thus, it is suggested for the purpose of thermoregulatory responses that head and neck would be covered and extremities would be exposed, especially upper extremities.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.115-145
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• 2015

Objectives : In Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), there are many uncertain terms to express body structures, for example, Yuk(肉, flesh). The purpose of this study is to define the meaning of Yuk(肉, flesh) and relevant terminologies. Methods : To define the meaning and origin of Yuk(肉) character and relevant terminologies, examples in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Seolmunhaeja(說文解字) and other important references are investigated. Results : Yuk(肉) character has etymologically meant meat, and afterwards it has got meaning of flesh. In the main two terms derived from Yuk, Giyuk(肌肉) means flesh, and Bunyuk(分肉) means muscles in anatomical knowledges. Also Yuk has been the most important etymological word that means body, among the five parts of body[五體], Geun(筋, tedndon and ligament), Maek(脈, blood vessel), Yuk(肉 flesh), Pi(皮, skin) and Gol(骨, bone) to contribute to making basic meanings of those characters. Conclusions : It is necessary to make clear the definitions of many Korean medical terminologies especially in anatomical knowledges to be helpful for systematic management of terminologies.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

In general, a valve body of the automatic transmission(AT) is controlled by the clutch, the brake and lubricating oil flow in a hydraulic system and lubricant flow for each valve can be adjusted independently. To increase the lifetime of AT, the lubrication flow rate in a valve body for a 6 speed AT based parallel hybrid electric vehicle must be provided with proper oil distribution and control. In this study, we carried out several experiments without the inner parts of AT and with a AT assembly. The variation of the flow rate on oil temperature and pressure between an oil supply port and the outlets of the lubrication port was evaluated and analyzed. In the case of AT without the inner parts, it was evident that as the oil required for an operation of the clutch and brake was discharged from the outlet port, the flow rate from each lubrication port is decreased. However, the flow rate of the AT assembly was slightly increased. In addition, the lubrication flow rate was increased with increasing the oil temperature, and also it was reduced with increasing the oil pressure. Details of the resulting data are discussed.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

The 3D printing technology is one of the fourth industrial revolution technology that drives innovation in the manufacturing process, and should be applied to nuclear industry for various purposes according to the manufacturing trend change. In nuclear industry, it can be applied to manufacture obsolete items and new designed parts in advanced reactors or small modular reactors (SMRs), replacing the traditional manufacturing technologies. A gate valve body was manufactured, which was obsolete in nuclear power plant, using DED(Directed Energy Deposition) metal 3D printing technology after restoring design characteristics including 3D design drawing by reverse engineering. The 3D printed valve body was assembled with commercial parts such as seat-ring, disk, stem, and actuator for performance test. For the valve assembly, including 3D printed valve body, several tests were performed, including pressure test, end-loading test, and seismic test according to KEPIC MGG and KEPIC MFC. In the pressure test, hydraulic pressure of 391kgf/cm² was applied to 3D printed valve body, and no leak was detected. Also the 3D printed valve assembly was performed well in end-loading and seismic tests.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1988

본 연구는 한국재래오골계의 품종보존과 육종개량을 위하여 주요 경제형질중의 하나인 산육능력을 규명하고자 천연기념물 265호로 지정된 연산오골계 총 300수를 공시하여 4주까지는 육계전기식료, 5주부터 16주까지는 육계후기사료로 사육하였다. 조사항목은 체중, 증가율, 가식부와 불가식부의 중량 및 비율, 흉부와 퇴경부의 체형 등이며, 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 재동오골계의 체중은 6주령부터 암수간에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 수컷과 암컷의 기중은 8주령 $659.0{\pm}154.9$와 $588.3{\pm}68.0$g이었고, 10주령시 $938.1{\pm}72.6$, $810.1{\pm}104.4$g이었다. 암수의 평균체중은 8주령 $623.7{\pm}121.9$, 10주령 $874.1{\pm}109.4$g으로 나타났다. 2) 증체율은 암수간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 암수의 평균증체율은 2~4주, 4~6주, 6~8주, 8~10주에 각각 166%, 106%, 41% 그리고 40%로 나타났다. 3) 총가식부의 증가양상은 12주령까지 암수 모두에서 고도로 유의하게 증가하였고 성간에는 6주령부터 익부, 배부 퇴경부 및 총가식부의 중량은 8주와 10주령시 수컷은 $395.4{\pm}98.5$와 $597.54{\pm}7.25$이고 암컷은 $355.6{\pm}42.0$과 $518.7{\pm}69.7$g이었다. 암수 평균총가식부 중량은 8주와 10주령시 각각 $375{\pm}72.7$g이었고 체중에 대한 비율은 60~63%정도로 나타났다. 4) 가식내장의 체중에 대한 비율은 8주와 10주령시 암수간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 암수 평균은 4~6%정도로 나타났다. 5) 불가식부의 체중에 관한 비율은 주령이 경과함에 따라 점차 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, 암수간에는 비슷한 비율을 나타내었다. 암수평균한 8주령시 비율은 혈액 4%, 우모 7%. 불가식내장 12% 그리고 총불가식부 31%를 차지하였다. 6) 흉부와 퇴경부 체형구성요소들에서는 흉각과 각경을 제외하고는 10주령까지 유의하게 증가하였고, 8주와 10주령시 암수간에는 흉위, 흉골장, 퇴경부 둘레 및 각경에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 7) 체중과 가식부중량에 대하여 체형구성요소중에 흉위와 퇴경부 둘레가 유의한 상관을 나타내었고, 체중구성요소중에는 가식부의 비율들이 체중에 밀접한 상관관계를 보였으며 특히 흉부와 퇴경부의 비율과 총가식부비율간에는 고도로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 복식
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to clarify that the obesity and the body cathexis influence on brassiere and girdle attitudes. The data were collected from 263 female college students using questionnaire. The three body types; slim type (37.6%), standard type (55.6%) and obese type (6.8%) were categorized by the obesity. The results could be summarized as follows. 1. The whole body was segmented as 5 parts: leg and hip girths, abdominal & upper arm girth, face & neck, limbs length & stature and breast. The brassiere & girdle attitudes were identified as 4 factors : "avoidance of wearing". "beauty pursuit", "body-making pursuit" and "brand preference". 2. While the body cathexis and appearance interests of the slim type showed highly, those of the obese type showed lowly. 3. While the obesity and appearance interests influenced the brassiere & girdle attitudes excepting "body-making pursuit", the body cathexis: partially influenced them. This study will provide feasible marketing data and implications for activation of foundation garment industries.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to measure the body cathexis and clothing satisfaction sccording to the level of age, job, and total monthly income and to investigate the relationship between body cathexis and clothing satisfaction of married women. 43 items of body parts and body functions were selected to measure body cathexis from Secord and jourard body Cathexis scale. A nd 56 items of Mclean's Clothing Satisfac tion scale were used for clothing satisfaction. The questionnaires were administered to 384 mothers in Jeonbug province. 3-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test were used for group difference. Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, Partial Correlation Coefficients, Standard Deviation, and Mean were calculated. RESULTS : 1. Body cathexis of married women showed asignificant difference according to age. 2. Clothing satisfaction of married women showed a significant difference to the interaction of age, job, and total monthly income. The elder and higher income group without job had the highest clothing satisfaction scores than any other group. 3. Positive correlations were found among body cathexis, clothing satisfaction, and 6 subscales of clothing satisfaction.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2001

Heavy metal level and distribution in sediment and bivalves from the tidal flats along the mid-western coast, Korea. were investigated in this study. The averages of heavy metal concentrations in sediments from 5 sampling sites ranged from 86.35-187.77mg/kg for Mn. 13.25-17.73mg/kg for Zn.6.80-11.85mg/kg for Cr,4.28-6.25mg/kg for Ni, 1.85-3.09mg/kg for Cu, 0.004-0.02()mg/kg for Cd and 5.70-10.41 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. From the results of heavy metal concentrations in mussels, the levels of Mn and Fe concentrations in S. strictus collected from S1 antral S2 sites were particularly high. Deviations of heavy metal concentrations am(Ing the individual mussels from the same site could be largely minimized by selecting mussel samples of the limited range in body size(8.5-11cm). Among the mussels of the limited body size, heavy metal concentrations both in the flesh and in the whole soft part were not strongly related to the body size. It was shown that ,in S. strictus, Cu moves fast into the flesh parts after absorption, while Pb and Fe move fast into the non-flesh parts. Overally. the heavy metal concentration in the tends to increase with that in the whole soft parts. The concentration factors(heavy metal concentration in 5. strictus/heavy metal concentration in sediment) showed that, of the examined meta1s. Cd is the most cumulative in the body of S. strictus followed by Zn and Cu, while Mn, Cr. Ni and Pb are not cumulative.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

Jeju Dogs have high academic value due to their unique characteristics and conditions, but they have received little attention in the research field. This paper attempts to secure fundamental data to clarify the general characteristics of Jeju Dogs. For this purpose, an inspection of the basic body shape was performed to establish the shape and breed standards. Jeju Dogs were also exposed to 12 behavior tests to check their distinct character categories and an objective ethogram was built on each of the character categories to conduct a behavior analysis. The body shape of 34 clinically healthy Jeju Dogs aged 18 months or older was inspected using ten divided parts. For the behavior analysis, 10 Jeju Dogs were examined. A variety of behavioral variables were recorded based on 12 behavior tests that were categorized into four characters: sociality, aggressiveness, anxiety and submissiveness. The results of the body shape inspection indicated that most of the male dogs' parts had larger measured values than the female dogs' parts. The behavior analysis results revealed that the Jeju Dog displays excellent qualities such as submissiveness, reliability and fidelity and, hence, it is believed that this breed of dog is very appropriate for most duties and has the potential to be a household dog or working dog.

• 복식
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• 제57권7호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to research on concept, consisting factors, and specialties of theme park' character costumes to understand better about character costumes as well as to establish fundamental research data. The characteristics of character costumes in the theme park are as follows. First, theme park' character costumes are personified so that visitors may feel friendly and have emotional communication with them. Specially, costume that anthropomorphize an animal(85.3%) and silhouette of lozenge style(86.8%) dominated the highest weight. Animal figures are walking upright and wearing human's clothes. They communicate with visitors using mime actions. Second, various types of body proportion is applied to highlight the characteristics of character costume. Most character costumes are applied with unrealistic body proportion. This unrealistic body proportion give abnormal image and looks funny. The important factor is size of their head. Especially, 3.5 body proportion(78.9%) is general. Third, simplification, exaggeration, shrinkage, and modification are other factors. Simplification is applied differently by parts. Pocket, collar details are simplified to clarify the character's image. More simplification can lead to ommission. For their head, peculiar parts look stand out but other parts are simplified to stress their characteristics. Exaggeration is used with shrinkage to give strong impression to visitors. Forms are broken intentionally and they are modified. They look impressive because they are not harmonized. It is unexpected image and induces humor and familiar feelings. Matter of stylization includes exaggeration, shrinkage, modification and movement of actors that have tangible factor of character costume.