• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.412-428
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• 2012

To achieve mine development, a large amount of data concerned with the geological structure and the ore body had to be investigated and collected through geological survey, drilling and geophysical explorations. In most previous cases, however, the data were usually analyzed two dimensionally and those results showed some limits because of their 2D presentation. Those 2D maps such as geological plane sections or longitudinal sections cause lots of difficulties in understanding the complex geological structure or the feature of ore body in a spatial way. In this study, research area was set on the abandoned Yangyang iron mine in Korea and the Sugaeng ore body within the mine was selected as the research target to design a mine haulage system for reopening. A 3D mine model of this area was tried to be constructed using a 3D modelling software, GEMS. An accurate 3D model including the ore body, the geological structure, the old underground mine drifts and the new mine drifts was constructed under the purpose of reopening of the abandoned iron mine. Especially, mine design for trackless haulage system was conducted. New inclines and drifts were planned and modelled 3 dimensionally considering the utilization of old drifts and shaft. In addition to the 3D modelling, geostatistical technique was adopted to generate a spatial distribution of the ore grade and the rock physical properties. 3D model would be able to contribute in solving problems such as evaluating ore reserves, planning the mine development and additional explorations and changing the development plans, etc.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1991

Fischer 344 rats aged six weeks were diYided into four groups and group 1, 2, and 3 of rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine at 200 mg/kg body weight and group 4 was given saline alone. Two weeks after beginning of the experiment, group 1 and 2 of rats were begun to feed on diets containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene as a promoter for four weeks. Three weeks after beginning of the experiment, all groups were performed partial hepatectomy. During the last two weeks, group 1 and 3 of rats were received subcutaneously 3 consecutive weekly doses of iron dextran at 0.125 ml/100 g body weight. Subcutaneous injection of iron dextran resulted in hepatic siderosis in group 1 and 3 of rats. Pre neoplastic nodules were identified histopathologically by two markers, resistance to exogenous iron accumulation and glutathione S-transeferase placental form (GST-P) activity, while early carcinogen induced foci were hardly resistant to iron accumulation and though a few lesions were identified, it could hardly be distincted from normal hepatocytes of surroundings. However, GST-P positive nodules as well as foci were clearly distincted from normal hepatic cells of surroundings. In the quantitative analysis of carcinogen-induced nodules and foci, more lesions were detected by immunohistochemical method for GST-P than by prussian blue staining for resistant to iron accumulation. It is concluded that immunohistochemical marker for GST-P is more sensitive and reliable than iron-resistance marker, and that iron-resistance is not useful marker for early detection of carcinogen-induced hepatic lesions.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.362-374
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of overestimation of their own body shape on weight control behaviors, mental condition, physical activity, dietary behavior, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status among young Korean females. Methods: A total of 1,514 women aged 20-39 years who are not pregnant and lactating among those who participated in the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2011), were analyzed and grouped into underestimation (n=120), normal estimation (NE, n=840), and overestimation (OE, n=554), based on their body perception compared to actual percent ideal body weights. Variables were compared between OE group and NE group. Results: The subjects in OE group were significantly younger (29.5 vs. 30.5 years, respectively p < 0.05) and had lower body mass index (20.9 vs. 22.2 respectively, p < 0.01), health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D (EuroQol-5 Dimension)(0.97 vs. 0.98 respectively, p < 0.05), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of protein (0.91 vs. 0.93 respectively, p < 0.05), phosphorous (0.93 vs. 0.96 respectively, p < 0.05), and iron (0.70 vs. 0.75 respectively, p < 0.01), and index of nutrition quality (INQ) of iron (0.84 vs. 0.89 respectively, p < 0.05) compared to those in the NE group. The results of logistic regression showed that unmarried status (OR 1.32; 1.01~1.72) and severely underweight/underweight status (OR 1.94; 1.01~3.75)/(OR 1.81; 1.34~2.45) were significantly related to the probability of overestimation by the subjects. Significantly more women in OE group practiced fasting, skipping meals, and taking prescribed pills to lose body weights and had skipped breakfast compared to those in the NE group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that the Korean young women's distorted perception of own body shape may be associated with undesirable weight control behavior, low quality of life, and lower nutritional status. Therefore, nutrition education for this group should include information on correct body shape perception and its importance.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

We demonstrate the capability of differential-phase optical coherence tomography (DP-OCT) to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles taken up by liver parenchymeal macrophages (Kupffer cells). We apply an external time-varying high-intensity focused magnetic field. Our experiments demonstrate a novel diagnostic modality to detect macrophages that have taken up SPIO nanoparticles. Magnetic force acting on the nanoparticles was varied by applying a sinusoidal current to a solenoid containing a conical iron core that substantially increased and focused the magnetic field strength ($B_{max}$ = 2 Tesla). $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice were sacrificed 2 days post intravenous injections of different SPIO doses (1.0, and 0.1 mmol Fe/kg body weight). Livers of $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice with and without injection of SPIO nanoparticles were investigated using DP-OCT, which detects tissue movement with nanometer resolution. Frequency response of iron-laden liver movement was twice the stimulus frequency. Movement was not observed in livers of control mice. Results of our experiments indicate DP-OCT is a candidate methodology to detect tissue based macrophages containing SPIO nanoparticles excited by an external focused magnetic field.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.726-735
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• 2003

In this study, anthropometric and biochemical indicators and related factors for community dwelling elderly living alone (ELA). as well as for elderly not living alone (ENLA) were explored. The subjects were 140 elderly females (70 living alone, 70 not living alone) residing in Bucheon. Anthropometric measurements revealed significant differences between the two groups (ELA/ENLA) for height, weight, BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, suprailiac skinfold thickness, subscapular skinfold thickness, and body fat percentage. The ELA showed significantly lower data for most of the anthropometric indices, except PIBW. Biochemical indicators of iron status (hemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation) were significantly lower for the ELA, whereas the total serum cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, for the ELA were significantly higher. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (240 mg%) was 30%. The latter three are not in accordance with general malnutrition among the ELA. The hemoglobin of the ELA was positively correlated with energy, fat, iron and cholesterol intake, but negatively correlated with height. The serum cholesterol of the ELA was Positively associated with most of their nutrient intake.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.33
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• pp.68-92
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• 2000

This paper reconsiders the users of iron arrowheads from Mongchon Earthen Wall(夢村土城). Because the Mongchon Earthen Wall has been seen as a major dwelling fort of the Hansong Period(漢城時代 : 18 B.C.~475), Paekche(百濟), these iron arrowheads have been considered as artifacts of the Hansong Paekche with no systematic analysis since they were found in 1985. However, uncovering numerous Koguryo artifacts, the excavations in 1988 and 1989 showed that Koguryo(高句麗) army had occupied the Mongchon Earthen Wall after they had conquered Hansong Paekche. In this paper, focusing on the formal similarity between these arrowheads and those from other Koguryo sites, I attempt to reconsider the nature of arrowheads from the Mongchon Earthen Wall. Found from a small pit, all of these arrowheads (88 in number) seem to have been contemporaneous. While all are stemmed, they can be divided into nine types on the basis of the shape of body and point. Most types are equal or similar to Koguryo arrowheads of other regions, and especially type F and G have not been found in southern Korean Peninsula. Accordingly, it is suggested that the existing models be reconsidered, and that Koguryo army who had conquered Hansong Paekche used these arrowheads around mid-5th century AD. Although at this point it is difficult to determine the users of these arrowheads only by analyzing several formal attributes due to Korean archaeology's little understanding of the arrowheads of the Three Kingdoms Period(三國時代), I expect that application of natural scientific methods will contribute to a better understanding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1016-1023
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• 1996

The effect of dietary calcium levels, 50%, 100%, and 200% of requirement, on iron utilization was evaluated in 30 Sprague-Dawley female rats by use of balance study for 3 weeks. In the results of this study, there were no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, calcium and iron levels in serum and tissues across the groups supplemented different calcium levels. Calcium content in kidney of high-calcium group was significantly higher than that of other groups. Urinary and fecal calcium excretions increased as the level of dietary calcium was increased. With increasing levels of dietary calcium, daily calcium retention was accelerated, but daily calcium retention rate was diminished. Iron intake was significantly higher in adequate-calcium group than that in low-calcium or high-calcium group. Urinary and fecal iron excretions were significantly lower in low-calcium group than those in adequate-calcium or high-calcium group. Apparent retention and retention rate estimated by intake, urinary and fecal excretions of iron were significantly lower in high-calcium group t]lan those in low-calcium or adequate-calcium group. These results suggest that taking dietary calcium supplements reduce the absorption of dietary iron.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 1990

This study was designed to elucidate the effects of administration with dietary iron and fat-free diet on the contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid molecules, vitamin E contents and malondialdehyde contents in liver, kidney, muscle and testis of the male rats. The rats were divided into 3 experimental groups, namely, control, iron injection and fat-free diet administration groups. The control group was fed with normal diet, iron injection group injected intraperitoneally 20mg of ferric hydroxide/100g of body weight 20 times every 3 days and fat-free diet group administered lipid extraction diet with hexane in normal diet. All experimental groups were maintained for 60 days with feeding on the respective ration. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the mean contents of unsaturated fatty acid in phospholipid of liver, kidney, muscle and testis among groups, control group was 21.31mg/g, 19.38mg/g, 1.67mg/g, 13.68mg/g, iron injection group was 13.83mg/g, 16.53mg/g, 0.71mg/g, 10.11mg/g and fat-free diet group was 21.07mg/g, 19.38mg/g, 1.49mg/g and 13.40mg/g, respectively. 2. In the mean contents of vitamin E in liver, kidney, muscle and testis among groups, control group was 6.77mg/g, 1.93mg/g, 0.12mg/g, 0.17mg/g, iron injection group was 3.16mg/g, 0.86mg/g, 0.07mg/g, 0.09mg/g and fat-free diet group was 7.41mg/g, 1.50mg/g, 0.11mg/g and 0.16mg/g, respectively. 3. In the mean contents of malondialdehyde in liver, kidney, muscle, testis and serum among groups, control group was 11.29nM/0.1g, 23.25nM/0.1g, 42.47nM/0.1g, 7.01nM/0.1g, 4.33nM/ml, iron injection group was 34.98nM/0.1g, 40.55nM/0.1g, 72.21nM/0.1g, 12.26nM/0.1g, 11.27nM/ml and fat-free diet group was 8.07nM/0.1g, 20.63nM/0.1g, 39.92nM/0.1g, 6.95nM/0.1g and 4.27nM/ml, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1992

Increasing demands of high corrosion resistant sheet steels for the automotive body panels have been leading to a tendency toward heavier coatings of electroplated sheet steels. The specimens were prepared from lab-scale electroplating simulator with various coating weights of zinc, zinc-iron and zinc-nickel coated sheet steels and evaluated in the light of the application for the automotive body panels. Corrosion resistances by sacrificial action were improved with increasing coating weights for all electroplated sheet under survey, but blistering resistances of pure zinc coated sheet steels were not as much. On the other hand, the adhesions of heavy alloy coatings showed poor powdering performances by the external compressive or tensile forces.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.95-105
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine the preparing methods of the traditional acupuncture needle and to interpret the electromagnetic meaning intervened in them. Methods : The overall manufacturing processes of the acupuncture needles in ancient books were surveyed. And the facts that special functional activities were carried out in common in the preparing processes were detected. The reproduction tests for the detected former functional activities were followed. Results : According to the ancient medical books, the traditional acupuncture needles were treated with the magnet through the preparing processes. The reproduction tests provided the fact that the ferromagnetic iron needles treated with the magnet were enhanced their magnetisms. And major techniques of the ancient supplementation and draining can be interpreted as magnetic or induced electromagnetic actions. Conclusions : Considering the electromagnetic characteristics of human body, the magnet treated ferromagnetic iron needles of ancient era and magnetic or induced electromagnetic interpretable manipulation techniques are the historical evidences of magnetic activities of acupuncture. So modern acupuncture therapy should be understood, studied, and reinterpreted as an electromagnetic viewpoint.