• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2019

The paper represents computer modeling of the deformed state of physically nonlinear transversally isotropic bodies with hole. In order to describe the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of transversally-isotropic materials a structurally phenomenological model has been used. This model allows representing the initial material in the form of the coupled isotropic materials: the basic material (binder) considered from the positions of continuum mechanics and the fiber material oriented along the anisotropy direction of the original material. It is assumed that the fibers perceive only the axial tensile-compression forces and are deformed together with the base material. To solve the problems of the theory of plasticity, simplified theories of small elastoplastic deformation have been used for a transversely-isotropic body, developed by B.E. Pobedrya. A simplified theory allows applying the theory of small elastoplastic deformations to solve specific applied problems, since in this case the fibrous medium is replaced by an equivalent transversely isotropic medium with effective mechanical parameters. The essence of simplification is that with simple stretching of composite in direction of the transversal isotropy axis and in direction perpendicular to it, plastic deformations do not arise. As a result, the intensity of stresses and deformations both along the principal axis of the transversal isotropy and along the perpendicular plane of isotropy is determined separately. The representation of the fibrous composite in the form of a homogeneous anisotropic material with effective mechanical parameters allows for a sufficiently accurate calculation of stresses and strains. The calculation is carried out under different loading conditions, keeping in mind that both sizes characterizing the fibrous material fiber thickness and the gap between the fibers-are several orders smaller than the radius of the hole. Based on the simplified theory and the finite element method, a computer model of nonlinear deformation of fibrous composites is constructed. For carrying out computational experiments, a specialized software package was developed. The effect of hole configuration on the distribution of deformation and stress fields in the vicinity of concentrators was investigated.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Purpose: Little information has been published regarding minor burn injuries in infants, most of which are preventable. To fill this research gap, this study explored the patterns and mechanisms of burn injuries in infants to ascertain whether such incidents can be prevented. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on data collected prospectively from all infants (<12 months old) admitted to our hospital with burns in the four-year period between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. A medical record review provided basic demographic information, such as age at the time of injury, sex, cause of injury, duration of treatment, operative treatment, and the extent and type of burn, as well as the anatomical region involved. Results: Fifty-seven infants were diagnosed with burn injuries, with scalding being the most common type (47%), followed by contact (32%) and steam (14%). Seven infants of eight steam burn patients injured by pressure cooker. Superficial second degree was the most common depth of injury (72%) followed by first degree (17%) and deep second degree (8%). Average age per injury type was calculated by independent T-test. Average ages of patients with contact and steam burns were significantly lower (7.06 months; P=0.19) and higher (9.25 months; P=0.005), respectively, than for other burn types. Conclusion: Given that infants cannot control their body movements, talk, or manage by themselves, they are entirely dependent on the proper care of adults. Consequently, in addition to the prevention of burns, special care should be taken for the pressure cooker.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.1111-1130
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• 2011

Reading postmodern texts certainly situates readers in roles different from the ones we have been used to. Recently, postmodern metafiction forms a significant body of children's literature that is intended to challenge and transform the conventions of books in the digital age. While many studies have been done as to how child readers have capabilities to appreciate and interpret postmodern metafiction picture books, few studies on teachers and preservice teachers' reactions are not readily available. The role of teachers and preservice teachers are crucial for child readers to have access to affluent reading resources. This study discusses how preservice teachers read and respond to postmodern metafiction picture books using a deconstructive approach by means of binary opposites. Data was collected with 14 preservice teachers as to their likes/dislikes, reading levels, and reading paths about postmodern metafiction picture books. Expected pedagogical implications for literacy and language education were requested to address in their reading diaries and response papers. With their likes/ dislikes, since binary opposites always imply the hierarchy of power and value, the likes is apparently more valued and appreciated over their dislikes. This differentiated values are discussed in more detail with three recurring themes-Education, Morals and Behavior, and Tradition. With reading levels, there seems to be a gap existing between the authors' implied reader and literary critics' and the preservice teachers' ideal readers for the postmodern metafiction picture books. Although many studies have already revealed young readers' capability of appreciating postmodern metafiction, it depends a lot more on the teachers and preservice teachers whether children's right to have access to affluent literacy resources is respected or not. Preservice teachers' awareness of the potential of postmodern metafiction will work as an initial step to bring and realize the new reading path and new literacies in classrooms. By challenging metanarratives of children's literature, preservice teachers' readings of postmodern picture books reveals potentials to raise different reading paths and develop new literacies and other educational implications.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.992-1000
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• 2022

Heritage buildings (HBs) as structures with historical and architectural relevance that form an integral part of contemporary society. HBs deserve to be protected for as long as possible to retain their significance. Therefore, prioritizing HB maintenance management (HBMM) is pertinent. However, the decision-making process of HBMM can be relatively daunting. The decision-making challenge may be attributed to the multiple 'stakeholders' expectation and requirement which needs to be met. To this end, professionals in the built environment have identified the need to apply the strategic concept of facilities management (FM) in decision making. However, studies exploring the application of FM in decision-making seem lacking. To bridge this gap, this study focuses on developing a framework for strategic decision-making HBMM, which helps achieve HBMM sustainability. At the study's inception, relevant works of literature in the domains of HBMM and FM were conducted. This review helped identify contemporary maintenance practices and their applicability to HBMM. Afterward, a conceptual framework to aid decision-making in HBMM was developed. This framework integrated the concept of FM scope (people, place, process, and technology) while ensuring that decisions and plans were made at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. The conceptual framework presents a holistic guide for professionals in HBMM to ensure that decision processes and outcomes are practical and efficient. It also contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the integration of FM in HBMM. Furthermore, it will help achieve HB sustainability through an effective decision-making process.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.38.1-38.16
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• 2024

Importance: Deaths due to neonatal calf diarrhea are still one of the most critical problems of cattle breeding worldwide. Determining the parameters that can predict diarrhea-related deaths in calves is especially important in terms of prognosis and treatment strategies for the disease. Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine mortality rates and durations, survival status, and predictive prognosis parameters based on vital signs, hematology, and blood gas analyses in neonatal diarrheic calves. Methods: The hospital automation system retrospectively obtained data from 89 neonatal diarrheic calves. Results: It was found that 42.7% (38/89) of the calves brought with the complaint of diarrhea died during hospitalization or after discharge. Short-term and long-term fatalities were a median of 9.25 hours and a median of 51.50 hours, respectively. When the data obtained from this study is evaluated, body temperature (℃), pH, base excess (mmol/L), and sodium bicarbonate (mmol/L) parameters were found to be lower, and hemoglobin (g/dL), hematocrit (%), lactate (mmol/L), chloride (mmol/L), sodium (mmol/L) and anion gap (mmol/L) parameters were found to be higher in dead calves compared to survivors. Accordingly, hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and dehydration findings were seen as clinical conditions that should be considered. Logistic regression analysis showed that lactate (odds ratio, 1.429) and CI^- (odds ratio, 1.232) concentration were significant risk factors associated with death in calves with diarrhea. Conclusions and Relevance: According to the findings obtained from this study, the determination of lactate and Cl^- levels can be used as an adjunctive supplementary test in distinguishing calves with diarrhea with a good prognosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2024

Satellite glial cells (SGCs), a major type of glial cell in the autonomic ganglia, closely envelop the cell body and even the synaptic regions of a single neuron with a very narrow gap. This structurally unique organization suggests that autonomic neurons and SGCs may communicate reciprocally. Glial Ca²⁺ signaling is critical for controlling neural activity. Here, for the first time we identified the machinery of store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) which is critical for cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis in rat sympathetic ganglia under normal and pathological states. Quantitative realtime PCR and immunostaining analyses showed that Orai1 and stromal interaction molecules 1 (STIM1) proteins are the primary components of SOCE machinery in the sympathetic ganglia. When the internal Ca²⁺ stores were depleted in the absence of extracellular Ca²⁺, the number of plasmalemmal Orai1 puncta was increased in neurons and SGCs, suggesting activation of the Ca²⁺ entry channels. Intracellular Ca²⁺ imaging revealed that SOCE was present in SGCs and neurons; however, the magnitude of SOCE was much larger in the SGCs than in the neurons. The SOCE was significantly suppressed by GSK7975A, a selective Orai1 blocker, and Pyr6, a SOCE blocker. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated the glial fibrillary acidic protein and Toll-like receptor 4 in the sympathetic ganglia. Importantly, LPS attenuated SOCE via downregulating Orai1 and STIM1 expression. In conclusion, sympathetic SGCs functionally express the SOCE machinery, which is indispensable for intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling. The SOCE is highly susceptible to inflammation, which may affect sympathetic neuronal activity and thereby autonomic output.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.514-523
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• 2024

Background: The government of Korea implemented a strategy of prevention and early diagnosis in high-risk groups to reduce the tuberculosis (TB) burden. This study aims to investigate the TB epidemiology and gap in understanding of TB prevalence among homeless individuals by analyzing active TB chest X-ray (CXR) screening results in Korea. Methods: The Korean National Tuberculosis Association conducted active TB screening with CXR for homeless groups from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Sputum acid-fast bacilli smear and culture were performed for the subjects suggestive of TB on CXR. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the data in comparison with the national health screening results from the general population. Results: Among 17,713 homeless persons, 40 (0.23%), 3,077 (17.37%), and 79 (0.45%) were categorized as suggested TB, inactive TB, and observation required, respectively. Prevalence of suggested TB in the homeless was significantly higher (3-5 fold) than in the national general health screening based on age category (p<0.005). Twenty-nine cases were confirmed as TB, yielding a prevalence of 164 cases per 100,000 individuals; 19 of these 29 cases showed inactive TB on CXR. Body mass index (p=0.0478) and CXR result (p<0.001) significantly correlated with confirmed TB based on multivariable analysis. Conclusion: Nutrition status and CXR results, especially that of inactive TB, should be considered in active TB screening of the homeless population, where TB prevalence is higher than the general population.

• 정보화정책
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.72-87
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• 2024

코로나19 팬데믹을 기점으로 피트니스 앱 시장이 급격히 성장하였으며, 그 중 체중감량 앱 시장이 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 선행연구에서는 사용자들의 심리적인 특성에 대한 고려 없이 일반적인 동기부여 및 장기적인 참여 유도를 위한 디자인 요소 개발에 집중되어 있다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 체중 낙인이라는 사용자 특성에 초점을 맞추어, 이를 고려한 효과적인 디자인 요소로서 인공지능 유형을 제안하고자 설문 기반 실험연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과, 앱에 대한 사용자 반응은 체중낙인 인식의 정도에 따라 다르며, 체중낙인 인식에 따라 선호하는 서비스의 인공지능 유형이 다르게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과는 낙인을 겪는 사용자를 대상으로 다양한 인공지능 유형을 활용해 최적의 서비스를 제공할 수 있음을 시사한다. 공공 애플리케이션 설계 시, 사용자의 심리적 요구를 반영한 공감 기반 인공지능이 체중 낙인 사용자에게 더 효과적일 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the significance and insights derived from the experiences of pregnant women in Korea who participated in online prenatal education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study employed the hermeneutic phenomenology framework developed by Colaizzi. It involved 12 pregnant women who participated in online prenatal education provided by public health centers in Chuncheon, Korea. Data collection was achieved through in-depth interviews conducted in Korea from October 2021 to April 2022. Results: In total, 51 significant statements were extracted from the interview data and then categorized into 10 themes. Finally, three categories were formed by merging similar themes. The three basic categories of participants' experiences of online prenatal education were "feeling of safety and comfort in body and mind," "frustrated by a lack of interaction," and "digital education being a double-edged sword." Pregnant women expressed ambivalence regarding the benefits and drawbacks of the online educational experience. They desired more interactive and practical learning opportunities, even as they appreciated the comfort of learning remotely. Conclusion: This study revealed the phenomenon of online prenatal education as an advanced form of distance-based prenatal education instead of the traditional in-person classroom. To maximize the educational effectiveness of this new format, public health center policies must address the digital literacy gap and enhance accessibility by leveraging the immersive multimedia experiences that online education offers to pregnant women. We recommend that maternal healthcare providers adopt this innovative approach to prenatal education, utilizing distance education technology to improve participation and promote immersion.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2010

연구 목적: 보편화된 임플란트 치료의 장기적인 성공을 위해서는 임플란트와 상부 보철물의 연결 시 완전한 수동적 적합을 이루는 것이 중요하며, 이를 위해서는 정확하게 인상 채득하는 것이 필요하다. 이 연구에서는 임플란트 고정체 수준 인상 채득 방법 중 인상체 제거 후 인상용 코핑이 인상체에 남아있는 open tray 인상법과 구강 내에 남아있는 closed tray 인상법, 그리고 인상 채득 시 사용될 수 있는 여러 트레이에 대해 비교 연구해 보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 실험 모형은 하악 악궁 형태로 열중합형 아크릴릭 레진을 이용하여 제작하였고, vertical gap을 관찰할 20 mm 간격의 기준 구조물을 제작한 후 이를 이용하여 실험 모형에 임플란트 유사체를 매몰하였다. 실험군은 트레이 레진으로 제작한 개인 트레이, 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이 그리고 금속 기성 트레이 등의 3가지 트레이를 이용하였고, closed tray 인상법과 open tray 인상법의 2가지 인상 채득법에 따라 5개 군으로 나누었다. 그리고 위치에 따른 오차를 관찰하기 위해 시편 모형을 전치부, 구치부로 다시 나누어 총 10개의 실험군을 구성하였다. 1군당 총 9개의 시편을 제작하였고, 시편에 기준 구조물을 한 쪽 지대주만 20 Ncm으로 고정시킨 후 관찰하는 1-screw test를 이용하여 반대쪽의 임플란트 유사체와 지대주와의 gap을 입체 광학 현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 1시편당총6부위를 측정하였고, 3회씩 측정하여 동일한 결과를 얻었을 때 수치를 기록하여 통계 처리하였다. 결과: Closed tray 인상법 사용 시 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이와 개인 트레이 간에 유의한 차이를 보였지만, open tray 인상법 사용 시 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이와 개인 트레이 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이를 이용한 인상 채득 시 open tray 인상법과 closed tray 인상법 간에 유의한 차이를 보였고 (P<.05), 폴리카보네이트 트레이를 이용한 closed tray 인상법을 개인 트레이를 이용한 open tray 인상법과 비교 시 전치부, 구치부 모두에서 유의한 차이를 보였다 (P<.05). 결론: 폴리카보네이트 기성 트레이를 사용 시에는 open tray 인상법이 더 추천되는 바이며, 생체 외 실험의 한계성에 유의해야 하며, 정확한 임플란트 고정체 수준 인상 채득에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.