• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1977

The increasing frequency of post-tracheostomy stenosis parallels the increase in the incidence of tracheostomy. The development of stenosis of trachea following the operation of tracheal tumor or tracheostomy is a very serious complication. The continuing need for an adequate tracheal substitute has not been answered, despite the necessities of excision and reconstruction of the trachea to keep for effective ventilation. Experimental tracheal reconstuction, with a prosthesis of heavy Marlex mesh and pericardium, _ vas performed in twelve dogs. Five to six tracheal ring circumferential defects were created and were bridged with heavy Marlex mesh fashioned into a tube of suitable diameter. Group A: A prepared cylinder of Marlex mesh was anastomosed outside the cut ends of the trachea. Group B: The external surface of the prepared cylinder of Marlex mesh was completely covered with suitably sized patch of pericardium and overlapped all margin of the Marlex mesh by 2 to 3 mm in each direction. Group C: The internal surface of the prepared cylinder of Marlex mesh was covered with suitably sized patch of pericardium and overlapped all margin of the Marlex mesh by 2 to 3 mm in each direction. The results of this exepriment were as follow: 1. In group A and B, the graft was well bridged with new granulation and fibrous tissue, and the lumen of trachea kept good patency for effective ventilation.. The interstices of Marlex became uniformly infiltrated with young well vasculated connective tissue. Epithelization has not yet occurred at 4 weeks in each group, but there were evidences of new growing mucosa at grafted site in 6 weeks. The remainder of the prosthesis was completely covered with glistening epithelium and the underlying fibrous tissue became more matured with little inflammation. These findings were more striking in group B than group A. 2. In group C, the covered pericardium was necrotized with stenosis of the lumen of grafted site due to poor blood supply.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2005

Gobjectives and Methods to investigate into the course of incurable and relapse renal stones' differentiation of symptoms and signs and to effectively improve treatment of incurable and relapse renal stones through Oriental Medicine. To search for the papers about treatment of incurable and relapse renal stones from 1994 till 2004, and re-search papers about treatment for indicated differentiation of disease. Result and conclusions : 1. It is the kidney vacuity additionally the deficiency of qi(氣) in middle-burner that the incurable and relapse renal stones' differentiation of disease. 2. The cause is taking an overdose of attacking renal stones to eliminate dampness and heat medicine, aging, chrome disease. a sex act excess, insufficiency of congenital qi(氣), insufficient exercise, wrong treatment and stress. 3. Herb medicines are constituted supplementing kidney drugs for inhibition of renal stone's creation, drugs to diuresis and dissolve calculi, and drugs 10 exclude stasis blood(瘀血) on account of renal stones. 4. Anti-renal stone measures me sufficiently drinking water, not eating greasy food. taking medicine for supplementing kidney, diuresis and dissolve calculi by periods, and drinking substitute water to boll down medical herb as Lysimachiae Herba (金錢草) Polygoni Avicularis Herba(篇蓄).

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.17-38
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to provide the fundamental information for future researches on combined medications of the oriental-western medicines or development of new Oriental medicine for hypertension. Methods : Every article related to hypertension was initially searched at journal web site, 'OASIS' and we finally analyzed 118 papers according to study types, kinds of herbal medicine, frequencies of herbal medicine, and results of researches. Results : Most studies were experiment researches which were composed of in vivo or in vitro. The formulas divided into 41 single and 99 complex prescriptions and total 218 medicinal materials were used in complex ones. The major effects of single prescriptions were decrease of the control of ACE activity and ANP concentration, while the effects of complex ones were various such as decrease of aldosteron concentration, decrease of epinephrine concentration, decrease of the heart rate, and decrease of dopamine concentration. Conclusions : More clinical studies based on scientific evidences should be done and the outcomes of this pilot study will contribute to development of Oriental medicines as substitute or combination for the western-hypertension remedies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine protein quality and hematological properties of infant diets formulated from local food materials. The food materials were obtained locally, fermented, and milled into flour. The flours were mixed as 70% popcorn and 30% African locust bean (FPA), 70% popcorn and 30% bambara groundnut (FPB), and 70% popcorn, 20% bambara groundnut, and 10% African locust bean (FPAB). Proximate analysis, protein quality, hematological properties, and anthropometric measurements of the animals fed with the formulations were investigated. The protein contents of the formulated diets were significantly higher than that of Cerelac (a commercial preparation) ($15.75{\pm}0.01g$/100 g) and ogi (traditional complementary food) ($6.52{\pm}0.31g$/100 g). The energy value of FPAB ($464.94{\pm}1.22\;kcal$) was higher than those of FPA ($441.41{\pm}3.05\;kcal$) and FPB ($441.48{\pm}3.05\;kcal$). The biological value (BV) of FPAB (60.20%) was the highest followed by FPB (44.24%) and FPA (41.15%); however, BV of the diets was higher than that of ogi (10.03%) but lower than that of Cerelac (70.43%). Net protein utilization (NPU) of the formulations was 41.16-60.20%, whereas true protein digestibility was 41.05-60.05%. Metabolizable energy (232.98 kcal) and digestible energy (83.69 kcal) of FPAB were the highest, whereas that of FPA had the lowest values. The protein digestibility values corrected for amino acid score of the diets (0.22-0.44) were lower than that of Cerelac (0.52), but higher than that of ogi (0.21). The growth patterns and hematological properties (packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume) of the formulated diets were higher than those of ogi, but lower than those of Cerelac. In conclusion, we established that the FPAB food sample was rated best in terms of protein quality over the other formulated diets. Therefore, a FPAB blend may be used as a substitute for ogi.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 1993

To investigate the changes in aerobic and facultative anaerobic oral microflora during remission-induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 10 consecutive patients were studied during a period of 28 days. One day before, during and after the induction therapy, patients were given 10% Betadine solution for mouthrinses after breakfast and kept from eating and drinking. After 3 hours, paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was obtained for 2 minutes and transported to the laboratory. The samples were dispersed and homogenized by use of vortex mixer for 20 seconds. From these samples 10-fold serial dilutions (from 10-1 through 10-3) were prepared. Each dilution of 0.1 ml was plated on duplicate set of one nonselective medium (Blood agar) and four selective media (Sabourauds dextrose agar, Mannitol salt agar, Mac-Conkey agar, SF medium ) using applicator woods. All agar plate were incubated at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. The total number of microorganisms was calculated and the percentage distribution of the various microorganisms from each specimen was drawn. 1. The salivary flow rate decreased by 66%, going from 5.38 ml/2min to 1.81 ml/2min over two days during the chemotherapy. 2. The total number of microorganisms in saliva increased by 22%, going from 4.88$\times$105/ml to 6.00$\times$105/ml over two days during the chemotherapy. 3. The salivary flow rate and the total number of microorganisms in saliva were recovered within 28 days after the chemotherapy. 4. The quantitative alteration in oral Enterobacteria, Enterococci, Staphylococci, Cndida during the chemotherapy had no statistical significance. 5. In saliva of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia who ahd intraoral ulcer, Enterobacteria was quantitatively predominent. Our study suggests that chemotherapy-induced transient xerostomia may induce acute oral infection. Consequently, the use of saliva substitute, the removal of intraoral infection source and the consistent oral hygiene care seem to be required to avoid the transmission of potential pathogenes in this group of patients.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.651-657
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding hog hair protein (HHP) on the nutritional value for poultry. In experiment 1, twenty roosters of Hanhyup-3 strain were alloted, and metabolizability of HHAA was measured. In experiment 2, forty roosters of Hanhyup-3 strain were alloted to 0, 3, 7.6 and 15.1% of HHAA treatments, 10 birds per treatment, and measured feed utilization and blood parameters. In experiment 1, no trend was found in excretion of amino acid, high in glysine and glutelin, low in valine, threonine, and methionine. HHAA metabolizability of serine, phenylalanine, alanine, and isoleucine was more higher than that of lysine, cystine, asparagine, and tyrosine. In experiment 2, as the HHAA level increased, feed intake decreased significantly in 15.1% treatment, but water intake increased significantly in 15.1% traetment. Dry matter and nitrogen metabolizability decreased in 7.6 and 15.1% treatments. Although no significant difference was found among three treatments(0, 3, and 5.7%), as the HHAA level increased, dry matter and nitrogen metabolizability decreased. Serum creatinine level was significantly increased in 15.1% treatment. In conclusion, it is considered that proper level to substitute soybean meal by HHAA was 10%.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.667-675
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• 2014

Two types of diets, extruded pellet (EP) and raw-fish-based moist pellet (MP) were fed to compare growth, water quality and histology of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in Jeju fish farm. Two groups of 7000 fish per each tank (initial mean weight 51 g) were fed one of two diets for 7 months. At the end of the feeding trial, significant differences were found in weight gain and feed utilization. Dissolved oxygen (DO) level of the MP tank was decreased from 7.98 to 6.89 after feeding. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of fish fed the two diets. Whole body protein content of fish fed the EP was significantly higher than that of fish fed the MP. While the feeding rate by month indicated numerically decreased, fish fed the MP had higher feed intake than that of fish fed the EP. Histological examination of hepatopancreas, kidney, and anterior intestine of fish fed the EP did not show any negative effects compared to those of fish fed the MP. This study revealed that EP could substitute for MP in terms of growth performance, blood parameters, water quality and histology of olive flounder.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.332-342
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• 2019

Objectives: Socket grafting is vital to prevent bone resorption after tooth extraction. Several techniques to prevent resorption have been described, and various bone graft substitutes have been developed and used with varying success. We conducted this pilot study to evaluate the performance of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) derived from chicken eggshells in socket preservation. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single center, outcome assessor-blinded evaluation of 23 sockets (11 patients) grafted with nHA and covered with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane as a barrier. Bone width and radiographic bone density were measured using digital radiographs at 1, 12, and 24 weeks post-procedure. Postoperative histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (CT) evaluation were performed. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: All patients had uneventful wound healing without graft material displacement or leaching despite partial exposure of the grafted socket. Tissue re-epithelialized with thick gingival biotype (>3 mm). Width of the bone was maintained and radiographic density increased significantly with a trabecular pattern (73.91% of sockets) within 12 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis showed 56.52% Grade 3 bone formation and micro-CT analysis revealed newly formed bone with interconnecting trabeculae. Conclusion: Use of a PRF membrane with nHA resulted in good bone regeneration in sockets. Use of a PRF membrane prevents periosteal-releasing incisions for primary closure, thereby facilitating the preservation of keratinized mucosa and gingival architecture. This technique, which uses eggshell-derived nHA and PRF membrane from the patient's own blood, is innovative and is free of disease transfer risks. nHA is a promising economic bone graft substitute for bone regeneration and reconstruction because of the abundant availability of eggshell waste as a raw material.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.228-236
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on new bone formation and angiogenesis after 8 weeks of healing. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were split into 2 groups according to the application of adjunctive HBO therapy: a group that received HBO therapy (HBO group [n=14]) and another group that did not receive HBO therapy (NHBO group [n=14]). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the type of bone graft material: a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) subgroup and an Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-/epigallocatechin-3-gallate-coated BCP (mBCP) subgroup. Two identical circular defects with a 6-mm diameter were made in the right and left parietal bones of each rat. One defect was grafted with bone graft material (BCP or mBCP). The other defect was not grafted. The HBO group received 2 weeks of adjunctive HBO therapy (1 hour, 5 times a week). The rats were euthanized 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were prepared for histologic analysis. Results: New bone (%) was higher in the NHBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-BCP and control groups (P<0.05). Blood vessel count (%) and vascular endothelial growth factor staining (%) were higher in the HBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-mBCP group (P<0.05). Conclusions: HBO therapy did not have a positive influence on bone formation irrespective of the type of bone graft material applied after 8 weeks of healing. HBO therapy had a positive effect on angiogenic activity.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.667-685
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• 2018

Objectives: Aim of this study was to evaluate bone regenerative efficacy of a chemically cross-linked porcine collagen membrane (CM) when used in combination with highly soluble biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Materials and methods: Physiochemical properties of the experimental collagen membrane were analyzed. Four circumferential defects with diameter of 8 mm were created in each calvarium of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 10). Defects were randomly allocated to one of following 4 groups: 1) BCP-CM (BCP (20% hydroxyapatite/80% ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate) covered with the prepared collagen membrane), 2) BCP (only BCP used), 3) CM (only the prepared collagen membrane used), and 4) C (control; only blood clot). After 2 weeks (n = 5) and 8 weeks (n = 5), histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: The experimental collagen membrane exhibited dense and compact structure, relatively high tensile strength and lower degradability. Histologic analyses revealed that new bone increased rapidly at 2 weeks, while defect was preserved at 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that the new bone areas increased in the BCP-grafted groups over 8 weeks, with BCP-CM exhibiting greater total augmented area than that of BCP group both at 2 weeks ($27.12{\pm}3.99$ versus $21.97{\pm}2.27mm^2$) and 8 weeks ($25.75{\pm}1.82$ versus $22.48{\pm}1.10mm^2$) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The experimental collagen membrane successfully preserved localized defect for 8 weeks despite early rapid resorption of BCP. Within the study limitations, combined use of the chemically cross-linked porcine collagen membrane and highly soluble BCP aided localized bone regeneration.