• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2002

OBJECTIVES : Schizandra chinensis is well known for its efficacy at liver function reinforcement, relieving thirst and recovery from fatigue. In this study, we examined the effects of sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis on serum metabolic substrate, electrolyte, stress indicators, related-enzyme and exercise performance, rectal temperature, and heat shock proteinb70 (HSP70). METHODS : Elite long-distance runners (male, 21.3yrs, n=16) were selected and divided into two groups; an experimental group (EXP, n=8) and a control group (CON, n=8). A beverage containing Schizandra chinensis was supplemented 3 times per day to EXP for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical elements (glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, Na, K, Cl) were analyzed by auto blood analyzer. Exercise performance was measured by treadmill exercise test, HSP70 was detected by electrophoresis and Western blotting, and rectal temperature was measured by rectal temperature probe. RESULTS : Administration of the beverage increased significantly the rest level of blood Na, Cl and glucose and decreased significantly lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. No difference was found in exercise performance, rectal temperature increment or HSP70 concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS : Administration of a sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis altered blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, Na and Cl levels.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.346-354
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• 2014

The study was performed to determine the reliability and validity of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang Deficiency Questionnaire (Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ)' for the 100 subjects with chronic fatigue. After 100 subjects respond to the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ', Korean medical doctor classified the subjects into 4 groups such as Qi deficiency group, Blood deficiency group, Yin deficiency group and Yang deficiency group. 100 subjects were retested in the same way after 3 weeks. The reliability and the validity of the questionnaire were inspected. Internal consistency of the 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' was excellent (Cronbach alpha 0.916). Test-retest reliability was good (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.699). Construct validity analyzed by exploratory factor analysis produced 4 factors, which were selected from eigenvalues that are greater than 1.0. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' consisted of 4 factors. The factor 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 'Qi deficiency', 'Yin deficiency', 'Yang deficiency' and 'Blood deficiency' respectively. The 'Qi Blood Yin Yang DQ' restructured in this study may provide a fundamental questionnaire and a further study is required for a more advanced, standardized and statistically proven questionnaire.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1623-1628
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of complex ergogenic aid supplementation on endurance performance, energy substrate utilization (glucose, FFA) and blood fatigue factors (ammonia, lactate, phosphorous, pH, 5-HT) in endurance exercise. Subjects (male=10) took in complex ergogenic aid (180 ml/day) for 4 weeks and were tested after pre-test. Endurance performance times increased after supplementation compared to before supplementation. However, there was no additional accumulation of the fatigue materials. Thus the complex ergogenic aid supplementation caused the delay of the fatigue material accumulation during endurance exercise.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.799-807
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• 2016

The objective of research was to explore the effects of Kinesic taping treatment on Kayaker's athletic performance and muscle fatigue variable. In order to accomplish such study objective, this study employed 8 ordinary university students and 8 university kayaker's as study subjects. The athletic performance records and blood lactate were analyzed before and after Kinesic taping treatment (KTT). Kinesic taping treatment was applied to the regions of agonist such as vastus medialis muscle, Latissimus dorsi muscle, Trapezius muscle, Biceps brachii muscle, and Triceps brachii muscle, which are major muscles for Kayaker's. Records for rest heart rate, athletic performance and blood lactate were measured upon 200m and 500m distance exercise using kayak ergometer. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 using paired t-test and one-way repeated ANOVA at significant level of a = .05. First, performance records of 200m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 60.13 second before and 58.75 second after kinesic taping treatment. University kayakers had a mean score of 58.75 second before and 53.0 second after kinesic taping treatment. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. In addition, levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 5.89mM before and 8.90mM after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 5.79mM before and 8.48mM after KTT. The ANOVA showed that the level of ordinary university students' blood lactate was significantly higher than university kayakers only after KTT. Second, performance records of 500m paddling kayak showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 2.90 minute before and 2.77 minute after KTT and university kayaker's had a mean score of 2.30 minute before and 2.20 minute after KTT. Both groups had significant differences between before and after KTT in the athletic performance. Moreover, only university kayaker's had a significantly higher performance record than the counterpart. Levels of blood lactate showed that the ordinary university students had a mean score of 7.71mM before and 8.85mM after KTT and university kayakers had a mean score of 8.09mM before and 8.45mM after KTT. However, such a level of increase had no significant difference between the groups

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

Background: This study examines the changes in muscular strength and muscle fatigue substances when taping treatment is applied in squat exercise and treadmill exercise, in which quadriceps femoris muscles are used frequently so as to clarify the effects of taping as an aid of exercise ability improvement. Methods: 20 healthy male adults in their 20's participated in the study, in which tapes were put on their quadriceps femoris muscles, and various variables as the indicator of muscular strength and muscle fatigue substances were measured by means of the measuring tool before and after exercises. Results: the following conclusion was drawn up: 1. In exercise using muscular strength of the right knee extension, the reduction of muscular strength after exercise of the taping group showed significant statistical difference from that of the non-taping group. 2. In exercise using muscular strength of the lower limbs, the reduction of blood Glaucos after exercise of the taping group showed significant statistical difference from that of the non-taping group. 3. In exercise using muscular strength of the lower limbs, the value of lactic acid after exercise of the taping group showed significant statistical difference from that of the non-taping group. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that the application of taping treatment in sports activity or daily life where quadriceps femoris muscles are used a lot can have positive effects on the improvement of muscular strength and relief of muscle fatigue.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2022

HemoHIM was used as a Korean traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is no study on the effect of HemoHIM on fatigue. We examined the potential use of HemoHIM to determine whether it can induce anti-fatigue effects. Mice were administered with HemoHIM and VEH for 14 days. On the last day of treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, their plasma and muscle were collected after the treadmill test to measure lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, corticosterone, glycogen, and creatine kinase (CK). We found that HemoHIM moderately increased the running time (s) in the treadmill and mobility duration in the cold swimming tests. In addition, the VEH group showed a significant increase in lactate, LDH, and corticosterone levels in the plasma compared to the group that did not perform the test. However, this was moderately reduced in HemoHIM treatment. Moreover, the HemoHIM-treated group showed significant differences in LDH and glycogen levels, and showed significantly different CK levels in the muscle. HemoHIM is considered to be effective in improving fatigue, given the duration of cold swimming or running time on a treadmill. Also, HemoHIM treatment resulted in reduced concentrations of blood and muscle parameter analysis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2024

Objective : This study examined the effects of yaksun recipe on the anti-fatigue and endurance enhancement properties in the forced swimming test (FST). Methods : The treatment groups were divided randomly into three groups: water-treated FST (control), 200 mg/kg of red ginseng-treated FST (RG200), 200 mg/kg of water extract of yaksun recipe-treated FST (YS200). After FST, an autopsy was performed, and the tissue and serum were collected. Results : The swimming exhaustion time in the RG200 and YG200 groups were significantly increased compared to the control group. The YG200 group fatigue indicators, D-Lactate, LDH(lactate dehydrogenase), creatine kinase, and ammonia content, significantly decreased compared to the control group. In addition, liver glycogen content significantly increased in the YG200 and tended to increase in RG200. Likewise, the glucose contents were significantly increased compared to the control group. The muscle damage indicators GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and BUN (blood urea nitrogen), a protein metabolite, in the YG200 group significantly decreased compared to the control group. Furthermore the concentration of liver lipid peroxidation, MDA(malondialdehyde) levels significantly decreased in the RG200 and YG200 compared to control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that YG200 can increase the endurance exercise capacity by decreasing the fatigue indicators, saving glycogen, and elevating the antioxidant defense system.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Objectives : To investigate the effects of Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy on the recovery of fatigue induced by post-swimming exercise. Methods : The lactic acid, creatine phosphokinase(CPK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and glucose were measured in blood. Results: The result were as follows; 1. The lactic acid levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased at 30 minutes after exercise and statistically showed the significance different from the control group (P<0.005). 2. The CPK activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group were immediately decreased after exercise and statistically showed the significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). 3. The LDH activities in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not show the significant difference compared with the control group. 4. The glucose levels in Saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy group did not statistically show the significant difference compared with the control group. Conclusions So it could be concluded that saengmaeksan and Saengmaeksan-with-Ogapy can recover the fatigue of after exercise.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.915-922
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• 2004

A stent is small tube-like structure expanded into stenotic arteries to restore blood flow. The stent expansion behaviors define the effectiveness of the surgical operation. In this paper, finite-element method was employed to analyze expansion behaviors and fatigue life of a typical diamond-shaped balloon-expandable stent. Beyond safety considerations, this type of analysis provides mechanical properties that are often difficult to obtain by experiments. Mechanical properties of the stent expansion pressure, radial recoil, longitudinal recoil and foreshortening were simulated using commercial FEM code, ANSYS and fatigue life were estimated using NISAII ENDURE. The FEM results showed that the pressures necessary to expand the stent up to a diameter of 3mm, 4mm and 5mm were 0.75MPa, 0.82MPa and 0.97MPa. The fatigue lifes according to expansion diameter were 114${\times}$10$^{7}$cycles, 714${\times}$$^{6}$cycles and 163${\times}$10$^{6}$cycles. As a result, a finite element model used in this study can simulate expansion behaviors of stents and should be useful to design new stents or analyze actual stents.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2015

Freshwater softshell turtle (Trionyx sinensis) extract has been used traditionally as a tonic soup, and to recover from physical fatigue. To support these claims, the forelimb grip strength of mice was measured after feeding a soft-shell turtle extract for 7 days. The T. sinensis extract significantly increased the grip strength to $1.25{\pm}0.07N$ (P<0.01), which is 16.8% higher than the force on day 0. After exercising, the blood glucose levels in extract-fed mice were 202% higher and urea levels were 73% lower, which were both significantly different than the levels observed after control treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase was significantly higher by 314%, and glutathione peroxidase increased by 165%. In addition, the obesity markers, serum triglyceride and cholesterol, decreased to 62% and 49%, respectively, after mice were fed the extract. These data show that the T. sinensis extract provided more energy for forelimb exercise, prevented protein catabolism and muscle fatigue, and decreased the oxidative stress caused by an exhaustive workout.