• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.234-235
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• 2021

We set the representative balcony types of the existed building to two types: unexpanded balcony and extended balcony, and analyze the effect of reducing the cooling and heating energy load when applying remodeling. The scope of the study was limited to balcony walls, including window-wall junctions, and was conducted by comparing cases with and without thermal break insulation structures for a clear conclusion. The study was conducted using the equivalent U-value in each case. The equivalent U-value was calculated by deriving through 2 dimensional steady-state heat transfer analysis of each case balcony envelope. And building energy was calculated using the derived equivalent U-value. According to the calculation results, for unexpanded balconies, the equivalent U-value was reduced by about 80%, and the heating and cooling load was reduced by about 20%. In the case of extended balconies, the equivalent U-value was reduced by about 57% and the resulting heating and cooling load was reduced by about 12%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

The tropical peatlands have been deforested and converted to agricultural and plantation areas in Indonesia. To manage water levels and increase the overall productivity of crops, canals have been constructed in tropical peatlands. The canals destructed the structure of the tropical peatlands, and increased the subsidence and fire hazard risks in the region. The Indonesian government enacted regulations and a moratorium on tropical peatlands, in order to reduce degradation. A practical method under the regulations of rewetting tropical peatlands was to permit a canal blocking. In this study, four canal blocking projects were investigated regarding their planning, construction priority, design, building material, construction, monitoring, time and costs associated with the canal blockings. In the protected areas, regulations restricted the development of the tropical peatlands areas that were noted as deeper than 3 m, and the administration stopped issuing new concessions for future work projects for this noted criteria of land use. A noted purpose of canal blockings in these areas was to effectuate the restoration of the lands in the region. The main considerations of the restoration efforts were to maintain a durability of the blockings, and to encourage the participation of the area stakeholders. In the case of a concession area, regulations were set into place to restrict clear-cutting and shifting cultivation, and to maintain groundwater level in the tropical peatland. The most significant priorities identified in the canal blocking project were the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the project. Nevertheless, the drainage of tropical peatlands has been continued. On the basis of a literature review on regulations and rewetting methods in tropical peatlands of Indonesia, we discussed the improvements of the regulations, and adequate canal blockings to serve the function to rewet the tropical peatlands in Indonesia. Our results would help establishing an adequate direction and recommended guideline on viable rewetting methods for the restoration of drained tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.31-41
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• 2009

Under the Korea Building Act, anyone planning to build a building or buildings on a site over $200m^2$ must plant plants over a specific area. In large scale development this rule is adhered to well, but such is not the case in small scale development. Therefore, special attention must be given to small scale development. Thus, the purpose of this research is to analyze the current situation and practice of planting at small scale development sites in Seoul, and then suggest policies for improving them. In this study using the data covering Seongbuk-Gu and Gangnam-Gu, which was surveyed in 2002, the current situation and practice of planting at small scale development sites was analyzed. After a questionnaire survey was conducted with government officers and building owners, the same analysis was made. Then the policies for improvement were extracted. The results are as follows: 1. In superordinate planning stage, because the minimum standards are too low, those must be strengthened. Any district plan does not control planting in private building lots. This requests active application of planting in private building lots as a design control measure in district planning. 2. In the building design stage, there are no guidelines. The obligation of building set-back between adjacent buildings by the Korean Building Act produces mass shaded and inferior planting beds. The act also is blocking landscape architects' participation in small scale development. And wall installations deteriorate the streetscape and growth of plants with shading. Therefore guidelines must be made. 3. In each stage of the building permit, the permit for building completion, and maintenance the Korean Building Act is blocking landscape architects' participation in small scale development, so the planting plan is completely handled by nonprofessional persons. Therefore, the act should be amended in order to make way for landscape architects' participation in each stage of the small scale development process.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1516-1528
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• 1999

월드 와이드 웹(World Wide Web)에 존재하는 음란성 유해 정보는 많은 국가에서 사회적인 문제를 일으키고 있다. 그러나 현재 음란성 유해 정보로부터 미성년자를 보호하는 실효성 있는 방법은 유해 정보 접근 차단 프로그램을 사용하는 방법뿐이다. 유해 정보 접근 차단 프로그램은 기본적으로 음란성 유해 정보를 포함한 유해 정보 주소 목록을 기반으로 사용자의 유해 정보에 대한 접근을 차단하는 방식으로 동작한다.그런데 대규모 유해 정보 주소 목록의 확보를 위해서는 월드 와이드 웹으로부터 음란성 유해 정보를 자동 색출하는 인터넷 정보 검색 시스템의 일종인 음란성 유해 정보 색출 시스템이 필요하다. 그런데 음란성 유해 정보 색출 시스템은 그 대상이 사람이 아닌 유해 정보 접근 차단 프로그램이기 때문에 일반 인터넷 정보 검색 시스템과는 달리, 대단히 높은 검색 정확성을 유지해야 하고, 유해 정보 접근 차단 프로그램에서 관리가 용이한 검색 목록을 생성해야 하는 요구 사항을 가진다.본 논문에서는 기존 인터넷 정보 검색 모델이 "문헌"에 대한 잘못된 가정 때문에 위 요구사항을 만족시키지 못하고 있음을 지적하고, 월드 와이드 웹 상의 문헌에 대한 새로운 정의와 이를 기반으로 위의 요구사항을 만족하는 검색 모델인 페이지 그룹 검색 모델을 제안한다. 또한 다양한 실험과 분석을 통해 제안하는 모델이 기존 인터넷 정보 검색 모델보다 높은 정확성과 빠른 검색 속도, 그리고 유해 정보 접근 차단 프로그램에서의 관리가 용이한 검색 목록을 생성함을 보인다.Abstract Illegal and Harmful Content on the Internet, especially content for adults causes a social problem in many countries. To protect children from harmful content, A filtering software, which blocks user's access to harmful content based on a blocking list, and harmful content search system, which is a special purpose internet search system to generate the blocking list, are necessary. We found that current internet search models do not satisfy the requirements of the harmful content search system: high accuracy in document analysis, fast search time, and low overhead in the filtering software.In this paper we point out these problems are caused by a mistake in a document definition of the current internet models and propose a new internet search model, Page Group Search Model. This model considers a document as a set of pages that are made for one subject. We suggest a Group Construction algorithm and a Group Evaluation algorithm. And we perform experiments to prove that Page Group Search Model satisfies the requirements.uirements.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.33-41
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• 2020

Purpose : Conventional Balance Measurement can only measure the center of gravity and the shaking movement of the body. As a result, it has the disadvantages of not responding to visual changes and blocking functions of variables. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of new equipment that measures the balance of the body using changes in body segment and pressure using the acceleration sensor to compensate for the disadvantages of the existing equipment. Methods : To this end, balance ability was measured in 43 healthy male/female adults without orthopedic injuries and nervous system damage in the last 6 months. in a situation where the visual information was restricted by Virtual Reality (VR) gear, all subjects measured and evaluated the balance ability utilizing the new equipment. Balance measurement (Prime Medilab, Korea) and Wii fit (Nintendo, Japan) were used to measure the balance ability of the subjects, and the balance ability test was performed in 4 postures using each device for data acquisition. The test duration for each posture was 30 seconds. For data acquisition, the average value of three experiments measured using each equipment was analyzed, and the statistical test was performed using the independent sample and the corresponding sample t-test, and the significance level was set to α=.05. Results : As a result of measuring the balance ability using individual equipment, blocking visual information using VR gear, the average speed, maximum speed, and moving area of the COP increased equally. It was found that the obtained absolute size of the result in Wii was somewhat larger than that of BM. Conclusion : It is considered that in the future research, it is necessary to measure changes in the body's center of gravity through image analysis, etc., to make clear comparison and evaluation of the usability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze air temperature decreasing effects by shading and ventilation at micro-scale experiment plots, especially focused on the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in outdoor spaces. To monitor the time-serial changes of Dry-bulb Temperature (DT), Globe Temperature (GT) and Relative Humidity (RH) in the wind blocking and shading conditions, Two hexahedral steel frames were established on the open grass field, the dimension of each frame was 1.5m(W)${\times}$1.5m(L)${\times}$1.5m(H). Four vertical side of one frame was covered by transparent polyethylene film to prevent wind passing through (Wind break plot; WP). The top side of the other frame was covered with shading curtain which intercept 95% of solar light and energy (Shading plot; SP). And, Another vertical steel frame without any treatment preventing ventilation and sunlight was set up, which represents natural conditions (Control plot; CP). The major findings were as follows; 1. The average globe temperature (GT) was highest at WP showing $50.94^{\circ}C$ and lowest at SP showing $34.58^{\circ}C$. The GT of natural condition (SP) was $42.31^{\circ}C$ locating the midst between WP and SP. The difference of GT of each plot was about $8-16^{\circ}C$, which means the ventilation and shading has significant effect on decreasing the temperature. 2. WP showed the highest average dry-bulb temperature (DT) of $38.41^{\circ}C$ which apparently differ from SP and CP showing $31.94^{\circ}C$ and $33.15^{\circ}C$ respectively. The DT of SP and CP were nearly the same. 3. The average relative humidity (RH) was lowest at WP showing 15.21%, but SP and CP had similar RH 28.79%, 28.02% respectively. 4. The average of calculated WBGT were the highest at the WP ($27.61^{\circ}C$) and the lowest at the SP ($23.64^{\circ}C$). The CP ($25.49^{\circ}C$) was in the middle of the others. As summery, compared with natural condition (CP), the wind blocking increased about $2.11^{\circ}C$ WBGT, but the shading decreased about $1.84^{\circ}C$ WBGT. So It can be apparently said that the open space with much shading trees, sheltering furnitures and well-delivered wind corridor can reduce useless and even harmful energy for human outdoor activity considerably in outdoor spaces.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.9
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• pp.2221-2234
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• 1997

Distributed mutual exclusion algorithms have employed two approaches to achieve mutual exclusion and can be divided into two broad classes:token-based and permission-based. Token-based algorithms share a unique token among the nodes and a node is allowed to access its common resources if it possesses the token. Permission-based algorithms require one or more successive rounds of message exchanges among the nodes to obtain the permission to access the common resources. A hypercube architecture has earned wide acceptance in multiprocessor systems in the past few years because of its simple, yet rich topology. Accordingly, we study distributed permission-based mutual exclusion algorithms for hypercubes, and design a distributed permission-based mutual exclusion algorithm based on a new information structure adapted to the hypercubes. The new information structure is a request set of T-pattern from a logical mesh that is embedded into a hypercube. If a node wants to access the common resources, it sends request message to all nodes in the request set by Lan's multicast algorithm. Once the node receives a grant message from all nodes in the request set, it accesses the common resource. We evaluate our algorithm with respect to minimum round-trip delay, blocking delay, and the number of messages per access to the common resource.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.7B
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• pp.433-439
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a Flow Based Waiting Time Priority (FB-WTP) scheduler that supports the proportional delay differentiated services between classes. Existing scheduling algorithms utilize the configuration of scheduler, which is operated as class unit, applied to wired network. However, FB-WTP scheduler is operated as flow unit and can take advantage of multi-flow diversity effect in time-varying channel state environment. As a result, FB-WTP improves the average queueing delay on each class as well as supporting the average queueing delay ratio between classes. It also solves the HOL packet blocking problem implicitly. Simulation results show that FB-WTP scheduler has better system queueing delay performance than Look-ahead Waiting Time Priority (LWTP) scheduler and supports the larger queueing delay ratio between classes that network operator set.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2005

Photo-mutagenic compounds have been known to alter skin cancer rates by acting as initiators or by affecting subsequent steps in carcinogenesis. The objectives of this study are to investigate the utility of photo-chromosomal aberration (photo-CA) assay for detecting photo-clastogens, and to evaluate its ability to predict rodent photocarcinogenicity. Photo-CA assay was performed with five test substances that demonstrated positive results in photo-carcinogenicity tests: 8-Methoxypsoralen (photoactive substance that forms DNA adducts in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation), chlorpromazine (an aliphatic phenothiazine an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent), lomefloxacin (an antibiotic in a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones), anthracene (a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon a basic substance for production of anthraquinone, dyes, pigments, insecticides, wood preservatives and coating materials) and Retinoic acid (a retinoid compound closely related to vitamin A). For the best discrimination between the test substance-mediated genotoxicity and the undesirable genotoxicity caused by direct DNA absorption, a UV dose-response of the cells in the absence of the test substances was firstly analyzed. All 5 test substances showed a positive outcome in photo-CA assay, indicating that the photo-CA test is very sensitive to the photo-genotoxic effect of UV irradiation. With this limited data-set, an investigation into the predictive value of this photo-CA test for determining the photo-carcinogenicity showed that photo-CA assay has the high ability of a test to predict carcinogenicity. Therefore, the photo-CA test using mammalian cells seems to be a sensitive method to evaluate the photo-carcinogenic potential of new compounds.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2015

Piezoelectric-based hydraulic actuator is a hybrid device consisting of a hydraulic pump driven by piezoelectric stacks that is coupled to a conventional hydraulic cylinder via a set of fast-acting valves. Nowadays, such hybrid actuators are being researched and developed actively in many developed countries by requirement of high performance and compact flight system. In this research, a piezoelectric hybrid actuator has been designed and tested. To achieve bi-directional capabilities in the actuator, solenoid valves were used to control the direction of output fluid. The experimental testing of the actuator in uni-directional and bi-directional modes was performed to examine performance issues related to the solenoid valves. The results showed that the bi-directional performance was slightly lower than uni-directional performance due to air bubble developed in the valve system. A new design to solve the vacuum problem has been proposed to improve the performance of the hybrid actuator.