• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

Development in vitro of 2-cell mouse embryos was examined after appropriate exposure to oviductal milieu to demonstrate biological activity present in the oviducts. ICR and ($C57Bl/6{\times}Balb/c$) $F_1$ hybrid mice were superovulated and mated for the recovery of early embryos. Embryos were recoverd at every 2h intervals from 32h post-hCG(hph) to 56 hph. The proportions of developmental stages were determined in the recovered embryos. Development in vitro of 2-cell embryos was more rapid in $F_1$ hybrid than in ICR, showing high proportions of 4-cell embryo and blastocyst at 120 hph. 100% of blastocyst development was obtained at 38hph in $F_1$ hybrid and at 50 hph in ICR when 2-cell embryos were cultured upto 120hph in vitro. Moreover, in vitro culture of oviducts containing 2-cell embryos in ICR mice for 12h from 34hph to 46hph increased developmental capacity of ICR mouse embryo in vitro. The results indicate that oviductal environment contains substances having mitogenic activity and overcoming early cell block in vitro. The mitogenic activity is effective in vitro as well as in vivo.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2013

Twenty one cows in Goyang and Paju cities were referred due to displacement of the abomasum and foreign body in the rumen. Omentopexy and rumenotomy through a right flank celiotomy were performed for treatment of abomasal displacement and the foreign body removal in the rumen. The right paralumbar fossa is clipped and prepared surgically. Local anesthesia is instituted by performing inverted L block. The abdomen was entered through 25 to 30 cm vertical incision in the right paralumbar fossa starting 4 to 5 cm ventral to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. A 14-gauge needle with rubber tubing attached is inserted to relieve the gaseous pressure and to facilitate further exploration and manipulation. The rumen was gently pulled out of the abdominal cavity and incision was made at the omentum. Rumenotomy was done and retrieved the foreign body. After the rumen was rinsed with sterile saline, the rumen wall was closed by a Lembert suture technique. The omentum was closed by a simple continuous suture. Right flank omentopexy was performed for the surgical correction of abomasal displacement. Recovery results among 21 cows included 9 excellent, 5 good, 2 fair and 5 bad. It was considered that operation of abomasal displacement and foreign body removal in the rumen through right flank celiotomy was a good surgical technique to reduce expenses, surgical pain, and surgery time.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

Background: The absence of atrial contraction (AC) after the maze procedure has been reported to cause subsequent annular dilatation and to increase the risk of embolic stroke. We hypothesized that the lack of AC could increase the risk of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation in patients undergoing the maze procedure. Methods: In 376 consecutive patients who had undergone a cryo-maze procedure and combined valve operation, recovery of AC was assessed at baseline and at immediate (${\leq}2$ weeks), early (${\leq}1$ year, $4.6{\pm}3.8$ months), and late (>1 year, $3.5{\pm}1.1$ years) postoperative stages. Results: With a median follow-up of 53 months, 10 patients underwent PPM implantation. Seven PPM implants were for sinus node dysfunction (pauses of $9.6{\pm}2.4$ seconds), one was for marked sinus bradycardia, and two were for advanced/complete atrioventricular block. The median (interquartile range) time to PPM implantation was 13.8 (0.5-68.2) months. Our time-varying covariate Cox models showed that the absence of AC was a risk factor for PPM implantation (hazard ratio, 11.92; 95% confidence interval, 2.52 to 56.45; p=0.002). Conclusion: The absence of AC may be associated with a subsequent risk of PPM implantation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2001

Percutaneous laser discectomy has potential advantages over conservative therapy and classical open surgery as a minimally invasive procedure, although clinical experiences are limited. We experienced a patient treated with herniated lumbar discs using Nd：YAG laser. A 55-year-old woman complained of severe back pain with sciatica on L4/5 and L5/S1 dermatome for several months. The MRI finding showed bulging discs at L4/5 and L5/S1. Epidural, transsacral and root block treatments were attempted without effect. Under fluoroscopic guidance, a 14 G biopsy needle was inserted into the L4/5 and L5/S1 disc spaces to the margin of the nucleus pulposus. Laser irradiation for vaporization of tissue was performed at 20 W/second to 1200 J. A laser fiber ($600{\mu}m$) was advanced 1 cm from the tip of the needle. At the end of the procedure, the patient began to feel relief of pain (VAS changed from 9 to 4) and was discharged the same day after staying 2 hours in the recovery room. Antibiotics were administered for prevention of discitis. She had no complaints of pain until the 1-month follow up visit. Percutaneous laser discetomy technique has the disadvantages of expensive equipment, high temperature and amount of vaporing disc tissue is empirical. However, this technique, as one of the therapeutic modalities for disc herniation, provides faster relief from acute attack than conservative management techniques in carefully selected patients with sciatica due to disc prolapse.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.649-660
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• 2018

Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and disabling severe headaches. Although several anticonvulsant drugs that block voltagedependent $Na^+$ channels are widely used for migraine, far less is known about the therapeutic actions of carbamazepine on migraine. In the present study, therefore, we characterized the effects of carbamazepine on tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) $Na^+$ channels in acutely isolated rat dural afferent neurons, which were identified by the fluorescent dye DiI. The TTX-R $Na^+$ currents were measured in medium-sized DiIpositive neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in the voltage-clamp mode. While carbamazepine had little effect on the peak amplitude of transient $Na^+$ currents, it strongly inhibited steady-state currents of transient as well as persistent $Na^+$ currents in a concentration-dependent manner. Carbamazepine had only minor effects on the voltage-activation relationship, the voltage-inactivation relationship, and the use-dependent inhibition of TTX-R $Na^+$ channels. However, carbamazepine changed the inactivation kinetics of TTX-R $Na^+$ channels, significantly accelerating the development of inactivation and delaying the recovery from inactivation. In the current-clamp mode, carbamazepine decreased the number of action potentials without changing the action potential threshold. Given that the sensitization of dural afferent neurons by inflammatory mediators triggers acute migraine headaches and that inflammatory mediators potentiate TTX-R $Na^+$ currents, the present results suggest that carbamazepine may be useful for the treatment of migraine headaches.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2010

최근 등장한 비휘발성 속성과 램의 속성을 동시에 제공하는 스토리지 클래스 메모리(SCM)는 스토리지 시스템의 입출력 성능과 안정성 향상을 위한 시스템 소프트웨어 연구에 있어 새로운 가능성을 열어준다. 이에 본 연구에서는 트랜잭션 단위 쓰기를 보장하는 SCM 버퍼 캐시를 통하여 스토리지 시스템의 안전성과 성능을 동시에 향상 시키는 한편 시스템 붕괴 시 즉각적인 복구를 가능하게 한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 트랜잭션 단위 쓰기를 보장하는 SCM 버퍼 캐시 기법은 리눅스 저널링 블록 디바이스(JBD)의 트랜잭션 메커니즘을 기반으로 하므로 JBD 만큼의 안정성을 제공 한다. 동시에 실제 시스템에서의 성능 평과 결과에서 트랜잭션 단위 쓰기를 보장하는 SCM 버퍼 캐시를 적용한 EXT3 파일 시스템은 높은 수준의 안정성을 보장하는 동시에 최소한의 안정성만을 제공하는 파일시스템보다 더 좋은 수행성능을 보여주었으며, 시스템 붕괴 시 시스템을 즉각적(약 0.2초)으로 복구함을 보여주었다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2000

본 논문에서 범용의 CMOS 트랜지스터 공정을 사용하여 250-Mbps 10-채널 CMOS 광 수신기 어레이칩을 설계하였다. 이러한 광 수신기 어레이는 병렬 광 신호 전송 시스템의 성능을 결정하는 가장 중요한 블록이며 이를 CMOS 트랜지스터로 설계함으로써 낮은 단가의 시스템의 구현을 가능하게 하였다. 각 데이터 채널은 집적화 된 광 검출 소자 및 여러 단의 증폭기로 구성된 아날로그 프런트-엔드, D-FF (D-flip flop)과 칩 외부 구동기로 구성된 디지털 블록으로 구성되어 있다. 전체 칩은 광 수신기 어레이와 데이터의 동기식 복원을 위해 PLL (Phase-Lock Loop) 회로로 구성 되어있다. 설계한 광 수신기 어레이 칩은 0.65-㎛ 2-poly, 2-metal CMOS 공정을 사용하여 제작하였으며, 각 채널은 ±2.5V의 전원 전압에 대하여 330㎽의 소비 전력을 보였다.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

최근 기업이 다양한 IT 기술을 기업 업무에 적용하면서 기업에서 처리되는 정보화 서비스의 안전성도 점점 요구되고 있다. 기업에서 요구하는 다양한 IT 기술이 기업의 정보화 서비스에 적용되면서 기업에서 보호해야 하는 정보가 타 기업에 유출되는 보안 사고가 증가하고 있지만 기업의 정보화 서비스 보호에 대한 대응방법이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 기업에서 중요시 되는 정보를 권한별로 분류하여 사용자의 접근제어를 통해 정보 유출과 같은 보안 사고를 줄이기 위한 기업 정보화 보안 서비스 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 정보에 접근하는 사용자의 권한과 역할을 관리자가 중앙 관리하여 정보에 접근하는 사용자가 이상징후가 포착되면 정보 접근을 차단한다. 또한, 제안 모델은 재난으로부터 기업 정보를 보호하고, 신속하고 체계적인 복구 및 운영 연속성 전략을 수립함으로써 기업의 정보화 서비스 구축에 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2014

일반적인 천연가스 정압기지에서는 압력제어밸브를 이용하여 고압으로 수송되는 천연가스를 감압하여 내보낸다. 이 과정에서 버려지는 폐압에너지는 터보팽창기를 도입하여 추가적인 전력생산이 가능하나 터보팽창기를 통과하는 유체에서는 감압에 의한 Joule Thompson 효과에 의하여 온도가 급격히 떨어져 파이프라인 외부에 동결을 일으키거나 파이프라인 내부에 메탄하이드레이트와 같은 고체 물질이 형성될 위험이 있다. 현재 터보팽창기를 채용한 천연가스 정압기지에서는 냉열발생에 따른 부작용을 방지하기 위하여 터보팽창기의 전단에 보일러를 설치하여 팽창 전 천연가스를 예열하고 있다. 용융탄산염연료전지와 같은 고온 연료전지는 천연가스를 연료로 사용할 수 있고 친환경적인 고온 배출가스를 방출하며 동시에 추가적인 전력을 생산하여 시스템의 효율을 높일 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 천연가스 정압기지에 용융탄산염연료전지와 터보팽창기를 설치하여 얻을 수 있는 열역학적 이득에 대해서 연구하였다. 연료전지를 기저부하로 사용함에 따라서 얻을 수 있는 이익에 대하여 분석하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.282-286
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• 2006

The effect of biofertilizer (compound of microbial inoculants or groups of micro-organisms) on growth and yield of rice was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely: $RF=N-P_2O_{5-}K_2O$ (11-5.5-4.8 kg $10a^{-1}$); half of the recommended fertilizer rate, $HRF=N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ (5.5-2.75-2.4 kg $10a^{-1}$); HRF+Bio 250=HRF combined with 250 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; HRF+Bio 500=HRF combined with 500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; Bio 250=250 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; Bio 500=500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$; and NF = No Fertilizer. Results showed that the recorded values of plant height, tiller number and chlorophyll content at 40 to 60 days after transplanting (DAT) in HRF+Bio 500 were significantly higher than those recorded in the RF treatment. Similar observations between these two treatments were only recorded from 60 DAT onwards. Yield components were also superior in HRF+Bio 500 treatment and comparable to that of RF. The highest grain yield obtained in HRF+Bio 500 treatment (785.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) was statistically similar to that of RF (739.8 kg $10a^{-1}$) but significantly higher than that of NF (506.7 kg $10a^{-1}$). Finally, head grain recovery (90.9) was low while chalkiness (0.03) was high at HRF+Bio 500 treatment as compared with RF, which were (96.1) and (0.3), respectively. Results showed that combined treatment of HRF and 500 kg biofertilizer $10a^{-1}$ has similar effects on the growth and yield of rice with that of RF.