• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.799-807
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• 2004

The objective of this field experiment was to investigate the growth, hay yield and chemical composition of cassava and stylo 184 grown under intercropping. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were: sole crop cassava (C); sole crop stylo 184 (S) and three intercropping treatments comprising an additive series of one (SC), two (SSC) and three (SSSC) rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava. The results showed that leaf area per plant (LA) of cassava was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. Both total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly higher (p<0.05) for C treatment and lower (p<0.05) for SSSC treatment. The total hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments. At the first and second harvests, CP content was similar among treatments; while at third and fourth harvests, CP contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatment relative to the sole crop. At the first and second harvest, NDF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in the sole crop relative to the intercropping treatments, whereas NDF contents were similar among intercropping treatments. Leaf area of stylo 184 at first and second harvest were significantly greater (p<0.05) for C, SC and SSC as compared with the SSSC treatments. At each harvesting, there were no significant differences in ash, CP, NDF, ADF and ADL contents of stylo 184 hay between the sole crop and intercropping treatments, except for the first harvest. ADF contents were significantly greater (p<0.05) in S, SC treatments relative to SSC and SSSC treatments. Both collective hay yield and CPDM yield of cassava and stylo 184 were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the SSC treatment and significantly lower (p<0.05) for the S treatment. Collective hay yield and CPDM yield were significantly greater (p<0.05) for the intercropping treatments relative to the sole crop. Based on this research, it was concluded that stylo 184 showed potential for intercropping with cassava. Intercropping cassava with stylo 184 has beneficial effects and can improve foliage biomass yield and soil fertility, which would be a more sustainable system than growing the cassava as a pure stand. In terms of hay yield and CP production, two rows of stylo 184 to one row of cassava could be the optimal pattern for this intercropping system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.821-830
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• 2001

To study the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with palm kernel meal (PKM) and copra meal (CM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs, a total of 150 crossbred pigs (Landrace$\times$Duroc$\times$Yorkshire; average $52.11{\pm}1.08kg$ body weight) were alloted to five treatments, in a randomized block design. The treatments included 1) Control: without PKM or CM, 2) PKM2: 2% of palm kernel meal, 3) PKM4: 4% palm kernel meal, 4) CM2: 2% of copra meal, 5) CM4: 4% of copra meal. During the early finishing period (52~74 kg), growth performance was better in CM diets than in PKM diets or control diet, and in overall period (74~100 was lower (p<0.05) in PKM4 diet than the other diets. Nutrient digestibilies of PKM or CM substituted diets showed the tendency to be lower than those of control diet. In the early finishing period, total amino acid digestibilities of PKM and CM diets had the tendency to be lower than control diet, and in the late finishing period, they were lower (p<0.05) than control diet. Carcass length was longer (p<0.05) in the pigs fed 2% CM than in the pigs fed 4% PKM diet, but other carcass characteristics were not different among treatments. Although the dietary C14:0 content affected (p<0.05) on the C14:0 content in the carcass, the inclusion of PKM or CM in the diet did not affect the total saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the backfat of finishing pigs. Although it was not significant, supplementation of CM at the 2% and 4% of control group tended to decrease feed cost per kg weight gain by 2.89 to 1.42%, respectively. In conclusion, copra meal can be a valuable source of protein in the diet for finishing pigs and may replace other protein sources in pig diets to a considerable extent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1345-1353
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility and economic benefit of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs ($[Yorkshire{\times}Landrace]{\times}Duroc$) with an initial body weight (BW) $29.94{\pm}0.06kg$ were used in this experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design and 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. Treatments were divided by dietary RSM supplementation levels (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12%) in growing-finishing diets. A linear decrease (p<0.05) of BW and average daily gain (ADG) were observed at 13th wk of finishing and overall periods of pigs. Additionally, gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) tended to decrease by dietary RSM supplementation in growing-finishing diets (linear, p = 0.07 and quadratic, p = 0.08). Concentrations of serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine were not influenced by dietary RSM treatments whereas thyroid gland and liver weight were increased at 13th wk of finishing period (linear, p<0.05; p<0.01) by increasing dietary RSM supplementation level. In blood profiles, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not differed by dietary treatments at 13th wk of finishing period whereas concentration of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was affected by the supplementation level of RSM, resulting in a linear RSM level responses (p<0.05). Serum blood urea nitrogen concentration tended to decrease (linear, p = 0.07; p = 0.08) at 6th wk of growing and 13th wk of finishing periods and digestibility of dry matter tended to decrease by dietary RSM (linear, p = 0.09). Crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen retention, whereas, were not affected by dietary RSM supplementation level. In the economic analysis, feed cost per weight gain was numerically decreased when RSM was provided up to 9%. Consequently, RSM could be supplemented to growing-finishing diets up to 9% ($3.07{\mu}mol/g\;Gls$) without detrimental effects on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1213-1220
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• 2010

This experiment evaluated the effects of dietary lysine restriction and energy density on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of finishing pigs. A $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was utilized in a randomized complete block (RCB) design, and factor 1 was lysine restriction and factor 2 was energy density. The control diet was formulated to contain 3.265 Mcal of ME/kg, 0.75% lysine in the early-finishing phase and 3.265 Mcal of ME/kg, 0.60% lysine in the late-finishing phase and other nutrients met or exceeded NRC (1998) standards. Compared to the control diet (CON), lysine levels of experimental diets were restricted to 15% (treatment EL, EEL) or 30% (treatment ELL, EELL), whereas energy level of experimental diets was increased by 0.100 or 0.200 Mcal of ME/kg. A total of 100 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc), with average initial body weight of $58.47{\pm}1.42\;kg$, were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on sex and body weight. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per pen. ADG, ADFI and feed efficiency were calculated in an 8-week growth trial. In the late finishing period (5-8 weeks), pigs fed ELL or EELL diets had decreased ADG and feed efficiency (p<0.01), however, when the EEL diet was provided, a similar growth performance was observed compared to those fed the CON diet during the whole experimental period (p>0.05). In a metabolic trial, 15 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of dietary lysine restriction and energy density on nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of dry matter, crude fat and crude ash was not improved by restricting dietary lysine or energy density. However, crude protein digestibility was decreased (p<0.05) as dietary lysine was restricted. When dietary lysine was restricted, fecal nitrogen was increased whereas nitrogen retention was decreased. BUN concentration was affected by dietary lysine restriction; treatments ELL and EELL had higher BUN values than other treatments (p<0.01). Carcass characteristics and meat quality were measured when average body weight of pigs reached $107.83{\pm}1.50\;kg$. Treatment ELL had higher last rib backfat depth (p<0.05) than treatment CON, but ELL and EEL did not differ significantly. The ELL and EEL treatments had higher (p<0.05) subjective marbling score than treatment CON. Treatment EEL showed higher longissimus fat content than treatment EL and CON (p<0.01). The results indicated that finishing pigs fed a diet with 15% lysine restriction and 3.465 Mcal of ME/kg energy density had no detrimental effects on growth performance and N utilization, and could achieve substantial increases in marbling and longissimus fat content of pork.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2010

Forty-eight ((Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace) pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of $48.47{\pm}1.13\;kg$ were used in a 12-week growth trial to investigate the influence of Anion (silicate) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality and fecal noxious gas content in growing-finishing pigs. Pigs were allotted into three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design according to sex and initial BW. Each dietary treatment consisted of four replications with four pigs per pen. Dietary treatments included: i) CON (basal diet), ii) HCI (basal diet+3 g/kg Anion), iii) HCII (basal diet+6 g/kg Anion). No significant difference (p>0.05) was detected for average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain/feed ratio (G/F) throughout the experiment, although dietary supplementation of Anion numerically increased these characteristics compared with CON. The dietary HCI group significantly (p<0.05) increased the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy compared with the CON group (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in meat quality except that meat firmness was linearly (p<0.05) increased by the Anion supplementation, while an increased tendency in meat color and a decreased tendency in 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was also observed (p<0.10). Anion supplementation linearly (p<0.05) decreased the fecal $NH_3$ compared with the CON group. However, dietary Anion supplementation at 3 g/kg decreased the $H_2S$ concentration compared with CON, while no significant difference was detected in the HCII group, although the $H_2S$ emission was numerically decreased compared with CON. In conclusion, supplementation of the diet with 3 g/kg Anion was found to exert a beneficial effect on nutrient digestibility and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and concomitantly decreased the noxious gas emission without negative effect on growth performance.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.613-622
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• 2017

본 연구는 열 스트레스 하에서 오리사료 내 대사에너지(ME) 수준이 오리의 간, 십이지장 융모, 미생물, 유전자 조절에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 총 240마리의 육용 오리 채리밸리(Anas platyrhynchos)를 4처리구로 완전임의배치 한 후 42일 동안 사육하였다. 처리구는 ME 2900 kcal/kg, ME 3000 kcal/kg, ME 3100 kcal/kg 및 ME 3200 kcal/kg로 구분하였다. 간 조직은 처리구 사이의 차이가 없었고, 십이지장 융모 및 창자샘 길이는 ME 3000과 비교할 때 2900은 10.58% 감소하였으나 3100, 3200과의 사이에 차이는 없었다. 맹장 Latobacillus는 ME 3000과 비교할 때 2900은 9.47% 감소하였으나 3100, 3200은 각각 2.52, 3.24% 증가하였다. Total aerobic bacteria, E. coli, Coliform bacteria는 ME 3000과 비교할 때 2900은 증가하였으나 3100, 3200은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 간에서 HSP (heat shock proteins)-mRNA 중 HSP $90-{\alpha}$는 ME 3000과 비교할 때 2900은 48.60% 감소하였으며 3100, 3200은 차이가 없거나 증가하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 고속도로 도로부의 표준단면을 대상으로 패널식 보강토 옹벽의 높이별 안전율과 경제성에 대해 비교 검토하였다. 설계기준에 따라 하중조건은 고속도로의 단면 및 형상조건을 고려하여 콘크리트 포장의 사하중과 차량하중을 재하하고 최상단 보강재의 경우 방호벽의 충돌하중을 고려하였다. 보강재의 길이는 보강토 옹벽의 높이에 따라 0.9H로 배치하였기 때문에, 보강토체의 형상에 따라 지배되는 외적 안정성에 대해 높이의 증가에 따른 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 지지력에 대한 안전율은 보강토 옹벽의 높이에 따라 자중이 증가되기 때문에 급격히 감소되었다. 복합중력식 설계법에 따른 내적 안정성을 검토한 결과, 인발 안전율은 증가되고 파단 안전율은 감소되었다. 보강토 옹벽의 높이가 증가될수록 활동력으로 작용되는 수평토압과 저항력으로 작용되는 수직토압이 함께 증가되기 때문에 인발의 안전율은 증가되었다. 돌기형 강재 보강재의 장기 허용인장력은 상수이기 때문에, 높이에 따라 활동력에 대한 안전율은 수평토압이 증가되어 감소되었다. 블록식 보강토 옹벽보다는 패널식 보강토 옹벽의 경제성이 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 기존 옹벽과 비교하면 5.0 m이상의 높이에서 패널식 보강토 옹벽의 경제성이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.5860-5866
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• 2012

BOLD기법은 자극 횟수가 늘어날수록 시간의 증가 및 검사 실패율이 높아지므로 본 연구를 통해 가장 적절한 자극 횟수를 도출하여 제시함을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 정상인 10명을 대상으로 손 운동 기능검사의 paradigm을, 1회에서 7회까지 자극 횟수로 나누어 피검자에게 시행하였다. 실험장비는 Philips Intera Archieva 3.0T MRI System 및 Invivo사의 Eloquene를 사용하였으며, BOLD-EPI 기법을 이용하여 10번의 휴지기와 10번의 활성기의 block design을 이용하였다. 관심영역인 primary hand motor area의 활성화 여부와 활성화 cluster 수, 활성화도, 비관심영역의 활성화 cluster 수를 비교하였다. 관심영역의 활성화 cluster 수는 2회 자극이 가장 낮았고, 3회부터는 일정하였으며, 활성화도는 자극 횟수가 늘어날수록 증가하지만, 비례하지는 않았다. 비관심 영역의 활성화 cluster 수는 3회부터 일정하였고, 6회부터 다시 증가하였다. 결론적으로 관심영역과 비관심영역의 활성화를 감안하고, 시간 감소에 따른 환자의 피로를 감소시키면서 정확성에 영향을 주지 않는 자극 횟수로 3회가 적정하리라 사료된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2011

본 연구는 SCB 저농도액비에 질소, 인산, 칼륨 성분을 첨가한 개량SCB액비(DSCB)의 시비에 따른 켄터키블루그래스의 생육에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 처리구는 비료의 종류와 시비량에 따라 무처리구(NF), 화학비료를 시비한 대조구(CF), 유안으로 질소성분을 보정한 DSCB를 80% 시비한 처리구 1(DSCB-A1), 유안으로 질소성분을 보정한 DSCB를 100% 시비한 처리구 2(DSCB-A2), 요소로 질소성분을 보정한 DSCB처리구(DSCB-U) 그리고 대조구에 SCB를 시비한 처리구(CF+SCB)로 설정하였고, 각 처리구는 난괴법, 3반복으로 수행하였다. 엽색지수, 엽록소지수, 건물중 및 잔디의 양분함유량을 조사하였다. 시험 전후 토양분석결과, 처리구에 따른 토양화학성의 변화는 나타나지 않아 DSCB와 SCB의 시비가 골프코스의 토양화학성의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 엽색지수와 엽록소지수를 조사한 결과, NF보다 각각 1~2%와 19~24% 증가하였고, CF와는 비슷하였다. CF와 비교할 때, 잔디생육량은 CF와 비교할 때, DSCB-A1와 DSCB-A2는 CF와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었고, DSCB-U와 CF+SCB는 각각 36%와 10% 증가하여 DSCB-U와 SCB처리에 의해 잔디생육량이 증가하였다. 잔디품질과 잔디생육이 가장 우수한 처리구는 DSCB-U였고, 시비효율이 가장 우수한 처리구는 DSCB-A1이었다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 켄터키블루그래스에서 DSCB의 시비는 화학비료와 비슷하거나 양질의 잔디품질을 보여 골프코스관리에서 DSCB가 화학비료를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2011

본 연구는 질산희토비료의 시비에 따른 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 처리구는 비료의 시비량에 따라 무처리구(NF), 복합비료 만을 시비한 대조구(CF), 질산희토비료의 처리량에 따라 $0.3{\cdot}g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 0.5 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 1.0 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$을 각각 처리한 처리구1(RE-1), 처리구2(RE-2), 처리구3(RE-3)이었고, 질산희토비료만을 처리한 처리구4(RE-4)였고, 각 처리구는 난괴법, 3반복으로 수행하였고, 엽색지수 및 엽록소지수와 같은 잔디품질, 잔디밀도, 건물중 및 잔디양분함유량을 조사하였다. 시험 전후 토양분석결과, 질산희토비료에 따른 토양화학성의 변화는 나타나지 않아 질산희토비료의 시비가 골프코스의 토양화학성의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 엽색지수와 엽록소지수를 조사한 결과, 질산희토비료의 시비 에 따라 비슷하거나 약간 증가하였고, RE-2의 처리가 가장 좋은 잔디품질을 나타내었다. 잔디밀도 조사 결과, 질산희토비료의 시비에 단일시비에 의해 9%증가하였고, 관행시비에 첨가하여 시비할 경우 RE-2에서 22%증가하였으며, 잔디 건물중은 통계적 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 잔디 성분 중 질소함량이 질산희토비료를 처리한 잔디에서 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 질산희토비료는 크리핑벤트그래스에서 질소흡수가 촉진되고, 잔디밀도를 향상되어 잔디품질을 향상시키는 가능이 있는 것으로 평가되었다.