• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.85-89
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• 2007

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate if Sweet Bee Venom therapy has the equal effect in comparison with Bee Venom Therapy on Low back pain with Radiation pain. Methods Clinical studies were done 24 patients who were treated low back pain with radiation pain to Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibusition, of Oriental Medicine Se-Myung University from April 1, 2007 to September 30, 2007. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups ; Bee Venom treated group(Group A, n=10), Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B, n=14). In Bee Venom treated group(Group A), we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and Bee Venom therapy. In Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B), we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and Sweet Bee Venom therapy. All process of treatment were performed by double blinding method. To estimate the efficacy of controlling pain. we checked Visual Analog Scale(VAS). For evaluating functional change of patients, Straight Leg Raising Test(S.L.R.T) was measured. Results 1. In controlling pain, Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B) had similar ability in comparison with Bee Venom treated group(Group A). 2. In promoting function, Sweet Bee Venom treatred group(Group B) had similar ability in comparison with Bee Venom treated group(Group A). Conclusions It may be equal effects as compared with using Bee Venom to treat low back pain with radiation pain using Sweet Bee Venom. We can try to treat other disease known to have effect with Bee Venom.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2010

Purpose: This report aims to administer methodologic issues around recently conducted multicenter study for evaluating the effects of acupuncture on menopusal hot flashes and discuss practical issues for further implementation of acupuncture clinical trial for hot flashes. Methods: Study process were mentioned, and issues related to avoiding risk of bias, designing appropriate control group, optimal outcome measurement, potential different effects of menopausal status on study outcomes, and suggestions for developing future clinical trials are discussed. Results: Shortcomings of our multicenter study include lack of allocation concealment and assessor blinding, subjective outcome measurement, short-term follow-up, and fixed acupuncture regimen despite pragmatic purpose of this study. Improving trial design, using objective or validated outcomes, assessing long-term effects of acupuncture, and individualizing acupuncture regimen are needed in future clinical trials. Conclusion: We expect these practical discussions to enable researchers to plan and develop future well-designed clinical trials for evaluating the effects of acupuncture on hot flashes or other women's health issues.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Hominis Placenta pharmacopuncture therapy and sweet bee venom therapy on peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : Clinical studies were done 36 patients who were treated peripheral facial paralysis to Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibusition, of Oriental Medicine Dong-Eui University from June 15, 2009 to January 5, 2010. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups. : Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture treated group (group A, n=18), sweet bee venom treated group (group B, n=18). In group A, we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and Hominis Placenta pharmacopuncture therapy. In group B, we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and sweet bee venom therapy. All process of treatment were performed by double blinding method. To investigate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Yanagihara's unweighed grading system at before treatment, after 1week, 2weeks, 3weeks and 4weeks of treatment. Results : The Yanagihara's scores of group B were higher than those of group A, but not statistically significant. The improvement indexs of group A and group B were different, but not statistically significant. Conclusions : There were no significant differences statistically between Hominis Placenta pharmacopuncture therapy and sweet bee venom therapy on peripheral facial paralysis.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of combining "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" on acute peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : Clinical studies were done 36 patients who were treated acute peripheral facial paralysis to Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, of Oriental Medicine Hospital Dongeui University from July 10, 2009 to September 15, 2010. subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups. : Complex oriental medical treatment without "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" treated group (Group A, n=18), Complex oriental medical treatment with "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" treated group (Group B, n=18). All process of treatment were performed by double blinding method. To compare the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Yanagihara's unweighed grading system at before treatment, after 1week and 2weeks of treatment. Results: The Yanagihara's Scores of Group B and Improvement Indexes of Group B were higher than those of Group A, and showed significant difference statistically. "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" can be available for relieving symptoms related with Acute Peripheral Facial Paralysis. And there were significant differences statistically between Complex oriental medical treatment without "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" and Complex oriental medical treatment with "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" on Acute Peripheral Facial Paralysis. Conclusions: These results suggested that "Danmuji Anchu Traction technique" effected for Acute Peripheral Facial Paralysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.905-911
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• 2002

A study was carried out to assess the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid in mastitis of dairy cows. The herd with a population of 250-275 lactating cows was screened for clinical and subclinical mastitis for a period of 5 months. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen animals each with clinical and subclinical mastitis in one quarter only were selected as study population. Twelve cows (group A) with normal udder and health were also selected as a healthy control. Clinical mastitis cows were grouped as B (n=12) and C (n=6). Cows of group B were treated with ascorbic acid at 25 mg/kg, subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days and intramammary infusion (Ampicillin sodium 75 mg and Cloxacillin sodium 200 mg/infusion) based on antibiotic sensitivity test, till complete recovery. Group C cows received only intramammary infusion till the complete recovery. Eighteen subclinical mastitis cows were divided in group D (n=12) and E (n=6). Cows of group D were treated with ascorbic acid at 25 mg/kg subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days while group E did not receive any treatment. California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC), physical changes of udder and milk were used to diagnose and classify the mastitis. Evaluation of the therapy was based on CMT score and physical changes of udder and milk. Sample size calculation was also performed but was not followed for control groups due to scarcity of cases. Adequate blinding was done when and where required to avoid the biases. Confounding variables like herd, age of the cow, stage of the lactation, season and geographical region were duly considered and adequate blocking was followed. Ascorbic acid was administered in clinical and subclinical cases even after cure considering its immunostimulatory and healing inducing effects. The recovery rate was faster in cases of clinical mastitis treated with ascorbic acid along with an intramammary infusion (group B) than the quarters of group C cows. Quarter wise the average duration/number (3.16${\pm}$0.11 days) of antimicrobial intramammary infusion was significantly (p<0.01) less in group B than that of average duration/number (5.33${\pm}$0.20 days) of group C. Subclinical mastitis cows treated with ascorbic acid showed 83.33% recovery while 16.77% did not respond to treatment till last day of study. Cows of group E (untreated) did not recovered from the mastitis. Subjective parameters viz. swelling, pain reflex of udder and physical changes in milk from quarter of ascorbic acid treated cows (group B) disappeared earlier than that of group C cows. It is concluded from this study that the ascorbic acid might be useful as an adjunct in case of clinical mastitis to get quick recovery with less number of intramammary infusions. High recovery rate in subclinical mastitis quarters of group D cows is appreciable and opens a new avenue to conduct further trials in a larger population in various field conditions. However, the pharmacology of ascorbic acid with particular reference to health of mammary gland needs to be investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to confirm the optimal processing conditions of the asbestos stabilizer by considering various actual environments at the time of stabilization treatment of the ceiling materials containing asbestos with asbestos stabilizer. Methods: The anti-scattering performances of the asbestos stabilizer were confirmed by considering the method and quantity of the asbestos stabilizer treated, comparing the loss weight by measuring the weight of ceiling materials prior to and after having treated 30, 50, 100, 200, and 400 of stabilizer using the brush and spray. The effects of backside dust and steel frame structure on the performances of the stabilizer was also confirmed by comparing samples with and without the dust on the rear surface removed by wiping the ceiling material specimens and the blinding treatment simulated by using tape. Results: The asbestos stabilization treatment using the brush method in comparison with the use of a spray has reduced stabilizer loss, resulting in better anti-scattering performance. In addition, the stabilizer loss is increased with increasing treatment quantity; as a result, treating a larger quantity of stabilizer does not improve the performance. For the conditions related to ceiling materials, the anti-scattering performance is enhanced by removing the backside dust and spreading the stabilizer evenly on the masking portion by steel frame structures. Conclusions: Based on these results, it is determined that the appropriate choice of the tool used for the treatment of the asbestos stabilizer and the appropriate quantity of asbestos stabilizer were needed at the time of actual stabilization processing of the ceiling materials containing asbestos. Moreover, this study confirmed that preliminary processing and verification of the structure at which the ceiling materials are installed can enhance the effectiveness of prevention of the scattering of asbestos into the air.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 2009

Objectives : To address most probable and suitable method for designing clinical trial intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine on hwa-byung. Study Design : A systematic review of research studies of complementary and/or alternative medical(CAM) treatment of depression, and of domestic clinical trials of Traditional Korean Medicine, and of Chinese clinical trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : Randomized, controlled trials(RCTs) of treatment of depression intervening herbal medicine were searched through MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. Also, domestic RCTs intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine were searched through Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal and Korean studies Information Service System(KISS). Studies were evaluated using Iadad scale and self-designed tool for this study. Results : Thirty four RCT studies( 10 from MEDLINE, 16 from CNKI, 8 domestic studies) of herbal medicine met inclusion criteria. Mean Jadad score of studies published in English was 2.8${\pm}$0.79, in Chinese 1.94${\pm}$0.77, and in Korean 2.75${\pm}$0.71. Twenty one percent of studies included pattern differentiation in their inclusion criteria. Twenty nine percent of studies used combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine. Among studies on depression, 9% included Complementary Medical assessing tools. Conclusions : There is shortage of domestic clinical trial involving herbal medicine. In China, studies tend to focus on investigating effect of Combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine on depression. Clinical trial(s) of hwa-byung should provide good internal validity by describing methodology for randomization, double-blinding, and attrition. Also, specific guideline for clinical trial, including Traditional Korean Medical aspects across inclusion criteria, and assessing tools is needed.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2008

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate if Sweet Bee Venom(SBV) Therapy has the equal effect in comparison with Bee Venom (BV) Therapy on Chronic Lower Back Pain. Methods Clinical studies were conducted to 39 patients who were treated Chronic Lower Back Pain in Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongeui University from March 1 to June 30, 2008. Subjects were randomly devided into 2 groups : BV treated group(Group A, n=19), SBV treated group(Group B, n=20) In BV treated group(Group A), we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and BV Therapy. In SBV treated group(Group B), we treated patients with dry needle acupuncture and SBV Therapy. All process of treatment were performed by double blinding method. 1. To estimate the efficacy of venom in controlling pain, we have checked Visual Analog Scale(VAS). 2. For evaluating functional changes of patients, we have checked Oswestry Lower Back Disability Questionnaire(ODI). 3. To estimate Itching which is the most prominent symptom of allergic reaction, we have checked Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results 1. In controlling pain, the results of BV treated group(Group A) is more effective than that of SBV treated group(Group B). 2. In promoting function, the results of BV treated group (Group A) is more effective than that of SBV treated group(Group B). 3. In controlling itching, the results of SBV treated group(Group B) is more effective than that of BV treated group(Group A). Conclusions According to the study, SBV Therapy shows more effective result than BV Therapy in controlling itching. But BV Therapy is more effective than SBV Therapy in controlling pain and promoting function.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 2022

Objective: Computed tomography enterography (CTE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) are considered substitutes for each other for evaluating Crohn's disease (CD). However, the adequacy of mixing them for routine periodic follow-up for CD has not been established. This study aimed to compare MRE alone with the mixed use of CTE and MRE for the periodic follow-up of small bowel inflammation in patients with CD. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively compared two non-randomized groups, each comprising 96 patients with CD. One group underwent CTE and MRE (MRE followed by CTE or vice versa) for the follow-up of CD (interval, 13-27 months [median, 22 months]), and the other group underwent MRE alone (interval, 15-26 months [median, 21 months]). However, these two groups were similar in clinical characteristics. Three independent readers from three different institutions determined whether inflammation had decreased, remained unchanged, or increased within the entire small bowel and the terminal ileum based on sequential enterography of the patients after appropriate blinding. We compared the two groups for inter-reader agreement and accuracy (terminal ileum only) using endoscopy as the reference standard for enterographic interpretation. Results: The inter-reader agreement was greater in the MRE alone group for the entire small bowel (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.683 vs. 0.473; p = 0.005) and the terminal ileum (ICC: 0.656 vs. 0.490; p = 0.030). The interpretation accuracy was higher in the MRE alone group without statistical significance (70.9%-74.5% vs. 57.9%-64.9% in individual readers; adjusted odds ratio = 3.21; p = 0.077). Conclusion: The mixed use of CTE and MRE was inferior to MRE alone in terms of inter-reader reliability and could probably be less accurate than MRE alone for routine monitoring of small bowel inflammation in patients with CD. Therefore, the consistent use of MRE is favored for this purpose.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2011

Purpose: As to analytical method of data, the AutoQUANT software in which it is used quantitative rating of the myocardial perfusion SPECT are reported that there is a difference. Therefore the measured value error of the mutual program is expected to be generated even if the quantitative analysis is made data of the same patient. The purpose of this study is to offer the comparative analysis of myocardial extract method in Quantitative Perfusion SPECT. Materials and methods: We analyzed the 51 patients who were examined by Tc-99m MIBI gated myocardial SPECT in nuclear medicine department of Pusan National University Hospital from June to December 2010(34 men, 17 women, mean age $66.5{\pm}9.9$). We acquired the extracted image in myocardial extract protocol. QPS program that uses the AutoQUANT software measured TID(Transient Ischemic Dilation), ESD(Extent of Stress Defect), SSS(Summed Stress Score). Then analyzed the results. Results: The correlation of appyling myocardial extract is TID(r=0.98), ESD(r=0.99), SSS(r=0.99). In the 95% confidence limit, there was no satistically significant difference(TID p=0.78, ESD p=0.31, SSS p=0.19). After blinding test with a physician for making a qualitative analysis, there was no difference. Conclusion: Quantitative indices in QPS program showed good correlation and the results showed no statistically signigicant difference. The variance between method was small. therefore, the functional parameters by each method can be used interchangeably. Also, we expect patient's satisfaction.