• 공업화학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.530-536
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• 1993

n-Octanoic acid, MJU-100A, Tetronix T-701, POE(6)-2-ethylhexyl ether, Newpol PE-68, 솔비톨 및 인산 등을 블렌딩하여 산성탈지제(ADA)를 제조하였다. ADA로서 알루미늄 시료편을 택하여 여러 가지 물성시험을 해 본 결과, ADA-5의 농도 3wt%, $70^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 탈지율은 98%로서 양호한 탈지효과를, etching율은 0.277%로서 시판품 보다 더 낮은 etching율을 각각 나타내었다. 또한 ADA-5의 농도 20wt%, $65^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 제청율은 93%였고, Ross and Miles법과 Ross and Clark법에 의한 저기포력시험 결과 양호한 소포효과를 보여주었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1991

In the preparation of acrylic water repellent(EDLWC). quaternized 2-diethylarrunoethylmethacrylate-stearylmethacrylate copolymer (DSACC) and quaternized 1-Iaurovlbis(aminoethyl)-2-dodecylimidazoline(LDDIC) were selected as a basic resin and the improving agent such as softening effect and hydrostatic pressure of the water repellent. EDLWC was prepared by blending waxes and emulsifier for waxes with various ratio to DSACC and LDDIC. As the results of the measurement of water repellency, washable, tear strength and crease recovery to polyester-cotton(P/C) blended fabrics treated with EDLWC only or addition of textile finishing resin, the physical properties were increased. Sodium acetate was the most effective catalyst in the water repellency among the various kinds of catalyst. and the reasonable concentration of the catalyst was 1. 4 wt%. EDLWC was confirmed as durable water repellent with the results of making little difference of water repellency as ${\pm}5$ point after and before washing. The reaction mechanism between P/C blended fabrics and EDLWC in the presence of catalyst was proposed. And also, the longitudinal view of the P/C blended fabrics treated with water repellent was observed with scanning electron microscope.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Diesel engines have the superior combustion efficiency and fuel economy that they are widely used for industry, heavyduty vehicles, etc. However, its exhaust emissions have become the major concerns due to their environmental impacts. Moreover, the depletion of fossil fuels is the main issue. Therefore, it is important to look for alternative sources of energy. Bio-diesel is one of the ideal energy which has proved to be ecofriendly for more than fossil fuels. The experimental tests analysed the engine performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using diesel and biodiesel blended of BD25, BD45 and BD65, in order to study the use of clean fuel to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations. The engine performance was examined by using engine dynamometer while an exhaust gas analyzer was used to examine the emission characteristics. The effect of biodiesel on engine performance were lower to diesel through comparing their HP and torque but fuel consumption was slightly increased because of biodiesel has lower heating value and higher density than diesel. However, due to the better lubricity, the brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel was higher than diesel. The emission characteristics were strongly affected by the blending ratio of diesel and biodiesel. The results showed that the smoke opacity, hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased while the nitrogen oxides (NOX) slightly increased.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.400-411
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• 2011

Process variables are factors in an experiment that are not mixture components but could affect the blending properties of the mixture ingredients. For example, the effectiveness of an etching solution which is measured as an etch rate is not only a function of the proportions of the three acids that are combined to form the mixture, but also depends on the temperature of the solution and the agitation rate. Efficient designs for the mixture components-process variables experiments depend on the mixture components-process variables model which is called a combined model. We often use the product model between the canonical polynomial model for the mixture and process variables model as a combined model. In this paper we propose three starting models for the mixture components-process variables experiments. One of the starting model we are considering is the model which includes product terms up to cubic order interactions between mixture effects and the linear & pure quadratic effect of the process variables from the product model. In this paper, we propose a method for finding robust designs and practical designs with respect to D-, G-, and I-optimality for the various starting combined models and then, we find practically efficient and robust designs for estimating the regression coefficients for those models. We find the prediction capability of those recommended designs in the case of three components and three process variables to be good by checking FDS(Fraction of Design Space) plots.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.248-252
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• 2005

다양한 조성을 갖는 폴리프로필렌(PP)/몬모릴로나이트(MMT) 나노복합체를 이축압출기를 이용하여 용융혼합 법으로 제조하였다. 본 연구에서는 MMT의 박리를 위하여 MAH-g-PP를 상용화제로 사용하였고, 제조된 나노복합체를 X-ray 회절(X-ray diffraction, XRD)과 투과전자현미경(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)을 통해 MMT가 박리된 것을 확인하였다. PP/MMT 나노복합체의 제조에 사용한 MMT는 난연제와 상승효과를 발휘하여 난연제의 양을 절반가까이 줄였을 경우에도 우수한 난연효과를 나타내었다. PP/MMT 나노복합체는 순수 PP보다 기계적 물성과 열적 물성이 증가하였고, 난연성은 UL 94 V-0로 매우 우수하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1503-1509
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• 2010

Forty-eight 40-wk-old Hi-sex laying hens were individually caged in an environmentally controlled house to evaluate the effect of garlic (Allium Sativum) juice administration on egg production, egg quality, and yolk cholesterol. Garlic juice was prepared by blending pealed garlic cloves with distilled water (1:1, w/w). Hens were randomly divided into four equal groups; one served as a control and the other three groups were individually gavaged, 3.75 ml, 7.5 ml, or 15 ml garlic juice, three times a week, which respectively represented 0.25, 0.50 and 1% of body weight. Egg production was recorded on a daily basis; egg weight, albumen height, albumen and yolk pH, Haugh unit, and bacterial count of E. coli-challenged eggs were recorded at day of oviposition (day-1) and after 5 and 10 days of storage at room temperature. Yolk cholesterol content was analyzed for five successive weeks. Garlic juice increased (p<0.05) egg weight and mass with no change in egg production intensity. Garlic juice administration recorded higher (p<0.05) albumen height and improvement in Haugh unit. Also, eggs from garlic-treated hens recorded lower (p<0.05) albumen and yolk pH when compared to eggs collected from control hens. Garlic reduced (p<0.05) the $log_{10}$ of bacterial count in egg contents linearly when challenged with E. coli. Egg-yolk cholesterol content was not influenced by garlic juice administration. It is concluded that garlic juice improved performance characteristics and may increase egg shelf life as indicated by egg quality improvement and lower bacterial count of E. coli-challenged eggs. The levels of garlic juice used in this study were insufficient to influence egg yolk cholesterol.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.276-289
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• 1989

This study deals with both effects of inorganic fillers to vulcanized rubbers such as NR, CR, EPDM, NBR & SBR and inorganic characteristics of domestic fillers in comparision with hard clay produced in the USA. The results were as follows. 1. Main ingredient of domestic clay "Ha-dong clay" was Halloysite, "No-ha Island" was Pyrophyllite with $\alpha$-Quartz, and both of "Hard clay" & "Hwa-soon clay" were proved to be Kaolinite by XRD, DT-TGA and chemical analysis by XRF. 2. Tensile strength value of SBR compounded with these fillers, was Hard clay $146kg\;f/cm^2$, Kaolinite $123kg\;f/cm^2$, Pyrophyllite $82kg\;f/cm^2$, Halloysite $80kg\;f/cm^2$, precipitated $CaCO_3\;27kg\;f/cm^2$, and ground $CaCO_3$ was $21kg\;f/cm^2$. These results showed the increase of seven times according to filler species. 3. The physical properties of non-crystalline rubbers, such as SBR, NBR & EPDM, compared with NR & CR, have been considerably changed according to crystalline phase, particle size, shape and surface structure of fillers. Especially, tensile strength value in case of SBR & EPDM, was differentiated about 1.5 times by the particle size of fillers. 4. In SBR, physical properties of rubber compounded with Kaolinite which was surface treated with fatty acid and silane, almost approach to the value of hard clay. 5. Delayed cure time of Kaolinite and decrease of rubber properties by $CaCO_3$ can be improved by blending kaolinite & $CaCO_3$ in the ratio of 2:1.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.701-710
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the effect of low purity methanol (LPM) on performance and smoke emission characteristics by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine with EGR system. The experiments are performed by the change of engine load in the engine load ranges of 25 to 100% with an interval of 25% under the constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. The LPM in the fuel blends contained 24.88% water by volume. The blended fuel ratios of diesel oil to LPM are maintained at 100/0, 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15% on the volume basis. In this paper, EGR rates are varied in three conditions of 0, 12.8 and 16.5%. The result shows that the brake power of a blended fuel with 15% LPM is reduced more 11.1% than that of the neat diesel oil at the full load with the EGR rate of 16.5%. At this condition, also, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is increased by 3.2%, the exhaust gas temperature is decreased by 10.7%, the smoke opacity is decreased by 18.7% and the brake thermal efficiency is increased by 7.3%. The sharp reduction of smoke opacity for a blended fuel with the LPM content of 15% at the full load without EGR system is observed by 68.4% compared with that of the neat diesel oil due to the high oxygen content of LPM.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

Butanol has an ability to improve the ignition quality due to its lower latent heat of vaporization; it has an advantage to reduce a volume of a fuel tank because its energy density is higher than that of ethanol. Also, butanol-diesel oil blending quality is good because butanol has an effect to prevent the phase-separation between two fuels. Even if the blended oil contains water, it can reduce the corrosion of the fuel line. Thus, it is possible to use butanol-diesel oil blended fuel in diesel engine without modification, and it may reduce the environment pollution due to NOx and particulate and the consumption of diesel oil. Therefore, some studies are being advanced whether butanol is adequate as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, and the results of the combustion and exhaust gas emission characteristics are being presented. Though the injection and spray characteristics of butanol are more important in diesel combustion, the has not yet dealt with the matter. In this study, the influence in which differences of physical properties between butanol and diesel oil may affect the injection and spray characteristics such as injection rate, penetration, spray cone angle, spray velocity and process of spray development were examined by using CRDI system, injection rate measuring device and spray visualization system. The results exhibited that the injection and macroscopic spray characteristics of two fuels were nearly the same.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1998

에폭시 adduct carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile(CTBN)은 CTBN과 에폭시수지를 블렌딩하여 제조하였다. CTBN과 폴리우레탄(PU) 및 에폭시수지로 CTBN/PU/epoxy를 제조하였다. CTBN이 5 wt%에서 CTBN/PU/Epoxy는 PU의 함량이 증가할 수록 damping 피크가 이동하였다. PU의 함량이 증가할수록 상용성이 증가함을 의미한다. 그러나 CTBN의 함량이 증가함에 따라 상용성은 감소하였다. CTBN/PU/epoxy에서는 PU의 함량이 10wt%에서 최대 굴곡값을 나타냈으나, PU 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. CTBN/epoxy에서 PU를 첨가함에 따라 파괴인성은 증가하였다. 파괴단면에서 전단변형과 공동화에 의한 응력백화현상을 보였다. CTBN의 공동화와 PU를 도입한 에폭시 매트릭스의 전단변형이 CTBN/PU/epoxy의 강인화기구이다.