• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-70
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• 1971

We have studied the blending effects of cis-1,4-polybutadiene (CBR) and styrene-tutadiene rubber at various blending ratios of 100 : 0, 70 30, 50 : 50, 30 : 70, 0 : 100, and of carbon black ISAF and HAP at various compounding ratios of 45 PHR, 55 PHR, 65 PHR, for tyre tread rubber. The results obtained are summerized as follows; 1. For tyre tread rubber, it was found to increased efficiency to use SBR polymer only than to use the blending ratio CB/SBR=30/70 below. But it was observed that the latter was adapted for the bus or truck tyre and the former for the passenger tyre. 2. Excellent efficiency was obtained in case of carbon black compounding ratio of 55%, and also the compounding of ISAF made better efficiency than that of HAF. 3. Carbon black was more efficient to SBR than to CB. 4. For the aging ratio, the compounding rubber of NR was the highest, and the ratio was decreased in order of the compounding rubber of oil-extended SBR or CB polymer only, the compounding rubber of non oil-extended SBR or CB polymer only, and the blending rubber.

• 오토저널
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1989

제2보 (2)에서는 식물유를 연료로 사용할 경우 문제점인 시동성, 내구성 및 카본생성을 억제하기 위하여 물리적인 방법으로 해결책을 모색하였다. 그러나, 본 연구는 기관자체는 전혀 변형시키지 않고, 점도저감을 위하여 화학적인 방법 즉, 식물유를 알콜과 반응시켜 에스테르변 환을 하여 해결하려는 방법으로, 에스테르화한 연료를 사용하였을 때의 기관성능 및 카본 퇴적 문제를 비교, 시험한 것이다. 또, 기름이 식물유와 같이 지방산으로 이루어져 있다면, 어느 기름도 에스테르 변환이 가능하기 때문에, 생선기름인 정어리기름의 에스테르연료도 사용하여 그 이용 가능성을 확실히 하였다. 또한, 각종 연료의 연소성에 관하여 보다 상세한 검토를 하기 위하여, 이들의 연소율 파형을 2개의 Wiebe의 연소함수의 조합으로 표현함과 동시에 연소율 파형을 구성하는 각 변수를 해석함으로써, 기관성능치와 연소성과의 정량적인 관계에 대해서도 조사한 것이다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2023

Background: Tea tree oil has antiviral, antimicrobial and antifungal effects and Mastic oil has antifungal and anticancer effects. For synergistic effects of oils, blending oil containing a mixture of two to three oils is recommended. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effects of Tea tree oil, Mastic oil, and Blending oil containing the two oils in a mixture, to verify and suggest the potential use of these oils as a substance to prevent dental caries. Methods: Tea tree oil, Mastic oil, and Blending oil with a 1:1 blend of the two oils were diluted in liquid medium to 0% (negative control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. Streptococcus mutans was applied to each experimental group of the three diluted oils and after 8 h culture, the optical density (OD) was measured and the growth inhibition rate for S. mutans was estimated. Results: Tea tree oil had significantly low OD values across all concentrations (p<0.05) without significant variation among different concentrations (p>0.05). Mastic oil did not significantly vary in OD compared to the negative control across all concentrations (p>0.05) without significant variation among different concentrations (p>0.05). Blending oil, compared to the negative control, did not significantly vary in OD at 0.5% (p>0.05) but significant variation was found as the concentration increased (p<0.05). Additionally, for Tea tree oil and Mastic oil, the growth inhibition rate showed no significant variation according to concentration (p>0.05), whereas for Blending oil, the growth inhibition rate for S. mutans showed a significant difference at 1.0% (p<0.05) and at higher concentrations. Conclusion: Blending oil containing a Tea tree oil and Mastic oil demonstrated a significant growth inhibition effect on S. mutans from the concentration of 1.0%, which suggested its potential use as an effective antibacterial agent for dental caries.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2020

Carrots were deep fat fried with sunflower oil (SO), palm oil (PO), and a blend of palm and sunflower oils (PSO with PO:SO as 2:8 or 4:6) at different temperatures (180 and 190℃) and lengths of time (0.5 to 2.5 min). The quality of deep fat fried carrots was determined by the moisture and fat content, color, conjugated dienoic acid (CDA), hydroperoxide, p-anisidine value, and fatty acid composition. The moisture content of fried carrots decreased with increasing frying time, while the fat content increased. The CDA and p-anisidine values of carrots fried with SO were higher than those fried with PO because of greater unsaturated fatty acids content in SO. PSO was a better choice than SO or PO for deep fat frying carrots in the aspects of oxidative stability and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. These results indicate that the quality of deep fat fried carrots depends on the type of oil and frying temperature used, as well as the length of time.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Environmental pollution is produced by consumption of fossil fuel, therefore alternative fuels is interested for development of new energy resources and reduction of exhaust emissions for air pollution prevention. Biofuels are produced from new vegetable oil and animal fat, may be used as fuel without change of engine structure in diesel engine. In this paper, the test results on specific fuel consumption, combustion characteristics of neat diesel oil and biodiesel blends(10 vol.% biodiesel and 20 vol.% biodiesel) were presented using four stroke, direct injection diesel engine, especially this biodiesel was produced from biodiesel fuel at our laboratory by ourselves. This study showed that specific fuel consumption is increased slightly, on the other hand cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, rate of heat release and soot were decreased slightly in the case of biodiesel blends than neat diesel oil.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1997

The purpose of this study os to investigate how the natural gas in fuel blend influences the polutant emission of diesel engine. Four stroke cycle single cylinder engine is used for this experiment and four kind of fuel blends were made. Fuel blends show four different torque ratios between diesel oil and natural gas, which are 4 : 0. 3 : 1, 2 : 2 and 1 : 3. The constituents of exhaust gases of engine are analyzed for every fuel blend. The experimental results say that the mixing of natural gas into diesel fuel is an very effective way to reduce the amount of soot in the exhaust gas.

• 오토저널
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1988

This paper reports the basic performance of a naturally aspirated DI diesel engine which is used widely in industry and agriculture when vegetable oils are used as fuel substitutes. In this paper, the properties of vegetable oils as diesel fuel were investigated and the load-performance of diesel engine when vegetable oils were used, as tested compared against diesel fuel. The general objective of this investigation is to realize an efficient, clean, and low carbon deposit combustion of the vegetable oils in diesel engines, showing their feasibility as diesel fuel substitutes. The results of this experiment were as follows; (1) Compared with diesel fuel, the droplet size of vegetable oil is very large. (2) Compared with diesel fuel, rapeseed oil, palm oil, and their blend fuels offered lower smoke, lower NOx, ower engine noise, and high thermal efficiency in a D.I. diesel engine However, there were carbon deposit and piston ring sticking problems with long-term operation. (3) For ethanol-rapeseed oil blends, a 10-20% of ethanol content is recommended to enable lower BSHC and less smoke without a remarkable increase in engine noise compared with pure rapeseed oil. (4) A 10% oxygen content in the vegetable oils is contributed to reduced smoke emission.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage level and oil supplement on selected strains of rumen bacteria believed to be involved in biohydrogenation (BH). A continuous culture system consisting of four fermenters was used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with a factorial arrangement of treatments, with four 10 d consecutive periods. Treatment diets were: i) high forage diet (70:30 forage to concentrate (dry matter basis); HFC), ii) high forage plus oil supplement (HFO), iii) low forage diet (30:70 forage to concentrate; LFC), and iv) low forage plus oil supplement (LFO). The oil supplement was a blend of fish oil and soybean oil added at 1 and 2 g/100 g dry matter, respectively. Treatment diets were fed for 10 days and samples were collected from each fermenter on the last day of each period 3 h post morning feeding. The concentrations of vaccenic acid (t11C18:1; VA) and c9t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were greater with the high forage diet while the concentrations of t10 C18:1 and t10c12 CLA were greater with the low forage diet and addition of oil supplement increased their concentrations at both forage levels. The DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) were lower with the low forage diets but not affected by oil supplement. The DNA abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens stearic acid producer subgroup (Butyrivibrio SA) was not affected by forage level or oil supplement. In conclusion, oil supplement had no effects on the tested rumen bacteria and forage level affected Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Butyrivibrio VA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.506-510
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• 2000

This experiment was to determine the usefulness of gum safflower phospholipid as a feed ingredient. Forty female broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed experimental diets containing following fats and oils; beef tallow (Tallow), the blend of safflower oil and palm oil (SP-oil), gum rapeseed phospholipid (Rap-PL), or gum safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) for 21days. There were no differences in growth performances among the treatments. Abdominal fat weight tended to be reduced in the chicks fed. phospholipids. The activity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase was significantly reduced in the Rap-PL and Saf-PL as compared to that of Tallow. Feeding dietary phospholipids resulted in a slight reduction in total fat and triglyceride contents in the breast and thigh muscles. In addition, total fat and triglyceride contents in the thigh muscle were significantly decreased by dietary Saf-PL as compared to those of Tallow. These results suggested that dietary gum phospholipids, either from rapeseed or safflower, had desirable effects of lowing abdominal and muscle fats, and could be used as a feed ingredient for broiler diets.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 1996년도 국제심포지움 21세기 첨단식물생산시스템의 실용화
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• pp.63-73
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• 1996

The importance of plant factory which blend agriculture and manufacture has been discussed widely. This company has researched hydroponics technique for cultivation which has been mainly developed in the sites of Okinawa and Hyougo Prefecture. In 1987, we stopped the previous research there, and started a new one far plant factory at the Agricultural Research Center of Chiba Prefecture. In 1989, we built four experimental plant factories (120㎡) at Chiba Oil Factory Refinery in Ichihara-city, developing techniques of cultivation, equipment production and environmental control for cultivation system of tomato, strawberry and leaf vegetables. (omitted)