• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2016

알칼리활성화 슬래그-레드머드 시멘트는 알칼리활성화 시멘트 연구의 일환으로서 시멘트 조성에서 알칼리자극제, 고로슬래그와 레드머드로 구성되어져 있으며, 포틀랜트 시멘트를 사용하지 않는 클링커 프리 시멘트(Clinker Free Cement)를 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 포틀랜트 시멘트를 전혀 사용하지 않고 고분자 유기화합물인 재유화형 분말 폴리머를 혼입한 알칼리활성화 슬래그 시멘트에 레드머드의 대체율을 달리하여 강도특성, 기공특성 등을 기존 포틀랜트 시멘트와 비교 평가하였다. 그 결과 알칼리활성화 시멘트에 레드머드를 대체할 경우 C-S-H 광물상과 에트린가이트가 주요 수화생성물로 포틀랜트 시멘트와 비교하여 조직이 치밀하고 대체율 10%까지는 압축강도 및 휨강도가 증가하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2007

Fluidity, setting time, hydration heat, bond water ratio, compressive strength, SEM and BET of OPC were measured by adding 1.0 wt% KCl and replacing 20 wt% mineral admixture in order to examine effects of blast furnace slag (BFS), limestone powder (LSP), and fly ash (FA) on fluidity and strength development of the cement contained much chloride. In general, the cement contained much chloride was high in heat of hydration, short in its setting time, low in its fluidity and low in its strength at 28 days due to the rapid hydration in its initial stage. As a result of the experiment, it has been demonstrated that fluidity became improved but the compressive strength at 28 days was decreased as replaced LSP to the cement contained much chloride. the fluidity and compressive strength at 28 days was improved as replaced BFS, the initial compressive strength development was improved due to the activation of initial reaction by KCl. Fluidity, initial compressive strength and late compressive strength at 28 days of cement contained much chloride replaced 5 wt% LSP and 15 wt% BFS concurrently was better than OPC, but the hydration heat was lower.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.657-660
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 고로슬래그 미분말이 콘크리트의 초기 수화발열 및 자기수축 특성에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 특히 수화열 및 자기수축이 급격하게 증가하는 구간의 데이터에 대한 통계적인 분석을 실시하여 각각의 발현성상을 정량적인 계수로 표현할 뿐만 아니라 그 계수를 활용하여 수화열과 자기수축의 상관관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과 고로슬래그 미분말을 사용한 콘크리트의 수화온도 및 자기수축이 급속히 증가하는 구간은 OPC에 비해 지연되는 것으로 나타났으며, 각각의 배합별 수화온도 및 자기수축 급속 증가구간에서의 기울기는 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고로슬래그 미분말을 사용함으로써 OPC에 비해 수화발열상승속도 및 자기수축증가속도가 저감되었으며 최종적으로 자기수축량도 조절이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2022

본 연구는 원자력 시설 해체 시 발생되는 저준위 및 극저준위 폐토양, 점토와 산업부산물인 고로슬래그를 이용하여 방사성 폐기물을 안전하게 담지할 수 있는 비소성 시멘트의 제조 가능성을 평가하고 광물·형태학적 분석을 통하여 생성된 반응 물질에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구에서는 (1) 폐토양, 점토 및 고로슬래그의 특성 분석, (2) 폐토양, 점토 및 고로슬래그를 고화재 및 성분조정제로 이용한 원전 해체 폐기물 담지를 위한 비소성 시멘트 제조 및 최적의 배합 비율 도출, (3) 제조된 비소성 시멘트 고화체의 수화반응 생성물질에 대하여 광물·형태학적 분석 등을 수행하였다. 비소성 시멘트 고화체의 광물·형태학적 분석 결과, 폐토양과 점토는 수화반응 생성물이 관측되지 않았으며, 고로슬래그의 경우 고화체의 강도를 발현시킬 수 있는 수화반응생성물질인 calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), 에트링가이트(ettringite)가 생성되는 것을 확인하였다. 폐토양, 점토를 고화재로 이용한 비소성 시멘트의 재령 28일 후 고화체는 최적의 배합 비율에서 약 3 MPa의 강도를 나타내 처분장 인수기준 압축강도인 3.44 MPa를 만족하지 못하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나, 고로슬래그를 고화재로 이용한 비소성 시멘트는 모든 실험 조건에서 처분장 인수기준 압축강도를 만족하며, 최적의 배합 비율에서는 약 27 MPa로 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 비소성 시멘트 고화재로 고로슬래그, 방사성 핵종에 대한 흡착제 역할로 폐토양 및 점토를 이용한다면 방사성 폐기물 처분을 위한 최적의 비소성 시멘트를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.403-416
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• 2020

This study investigated the effect of alkaline activators - NaOH_aq (NH) (NH: 0-16 M) and Na₂SiO_3aq (NS) (NS/NH: 0-3.5) in the synthesis of silico-manganese fume (SMF) and ground blast furnace slag (BFS) blended alkali-activated mortar (AASB). The use of individual activator was ineffective in producing AASB of sufficient fresh and hardened properties, compared to the synergy of both activators. This may be attributed to incomplete dissolution and condensation of oligomers required for gelation of the binder. An inverse relationship was noted among the fresh properties and the NH concentration or NS/NH ratio. This was influenced by the dissolution and condensation of silicate monomers under polymerization process. The maximum 28-day strength of ~45 MPa, setting time of 60 min and flow of 182 mm was obtained with the use of combined activators (10M-NH and NS/NH=2.5). The combined activators at NS/10M-NH=2.5 constituted SiO₂/Na₂O, H₂O/Na₂O and H₂O/SiO₂ molar ratio of 1.61, 17.33 and 10.77, respectively. This facilitated the formation of C-S-H, C/K-A-S-H and C-Mn-S-H in the framework together with an increase in the crystallinity due to more silicate re-organization within the aluminosilicate chain. On comparison of the high concentrated with mild alkali synthesized product, it revealed that the concentration of OH^- and Si monomers together with alkali metals influenced the dissolution of precursors and embedment of the constituent elements in the polymeric matrix. These factors eventually contributed to the microstructural densification of the mortar prepared with NS/10M-NH=2.5 thereby enhancing the compressive strength.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.527-537
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• 2016

This study evaluated the mechanical characteristics and durability of porous concrete produced with a cementless binder based on ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (CP). As a result, the void ratio was increased slightly from the target void ratio, by 1.12-1.42 %. Through evaluating the compressive strength, it was found that the compressive strength of porous concrete with cementless binder decreased in comparison to the compressive strength of porous concrete with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), but the difference was insignificant, at 0.6-1.4 MPa. Through the freeze-thawing test to evaluate the durability, it was found that the relative dynamic elastic modulus of porous concrete with cementless binder decreased to 60 % or less at 80 cycles. The result of the chemical resistance test showed that the mass reduction rate was 12.3 % at 5 % HCl solution, and 12.7 % at 12.3 and 5 % $H_2SO_4$ solutions.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제7권2호통권24호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

Recently, due to the increase of high-rise buildings construction, many researches for making harden of concrete earlier and remove of forms faster are being performed to reduce construction period. In this study, we compared and analysed the early strength properties of mortar according to the kinds and replacement ratio of mineral admixture to select the kinds and replacement ratio of mineral admixture of high early strength concrete. For this purpose, mortar mixtures according to the kinds(FA, MK, ZR, BFS, DM) and replacement ratio(0, 2, 4% by volume of sand) of mineral admixture were selected. From our test data, early-age compressive strength decreased in accordance with the increase of replacement ratio of fly-ash(FA) & blast furnace slag powder(BSF) and, in case of addition admixture, early-age compressive strength of with containing 4% appeared higher compared with containing 2%.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2012

Sediment has been increasingly acknowledged as a carrier in water system and an available contamination. For this reason, dredging of sediment in reservoir to remediate water quality and secure storage capacity is conducted annually. However, disposal of numerous dredged sediment is necessary as a secondary problem. Currently, in Korea, dredged sediment is classified as waste to be reclamated or recycled into sandy soil, however, they are still in trouble because of spacial and environmental problem. Therefore, rather than simple disposal or reuse into sandy soil, it is necessary to research on method to manage main cause of pollution and increase the value as a resource. In this study, we intend to develop a recycle technology for numerous dredged sediment produced by dredging in deteriorated reservoirs using solidificator (stabilizer). To achieve this, we will consider utilization of dredged sediment and evaluation of use possibility as natural recycle by analysis the characteristics of soil-solidificator mixture in terms of physicochemical properties and the mixing ratio between sediment and solidificator.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2021

The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a system, which is utilized for solving complicated problems by using nonlinear equations. This study aims to investigate compressive strength, rebound hammer number (RN), and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of sustainable concrete containing various amounts of fly ash, silica fume, and blast furnace slag (BFS). In this study, the artificial neural network technique connects a nonlinear phenomenon and the intrinsic properties of sustainable concrete, which establishes relationships between them in a model. To this end, a total of 645 data sets were collected for the concrete mixtures from previously published papers at different curing times and test ages at 3, 7, 28, 90, 180 days to propose a model of nine inputs and three outputs. The ANN model's statistical parameter R2 is 0.99 of the training, validation, and test steps, which showed that the proposed model provided good prediction of compressive strength, RN, and UPV of sustainable concrete with the addition of cement.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2022

Computational drawbacks associated with regular predictive models have motivated engineers to use hybrid techniques in dealing with complex engineering tasks like simulating the compressive strength of concrete (CSC). This study evaluates the efficiency of tree potential metaheuristic schemes, namely shuffled complex evolution (SCE), multi-verse optimizer (MVO), and beetle antennae search (BAS) for optimizing the performance of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) system. The models are fed by the information of 1030 concrete specimens (where the amount of cement, blast furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA1), water, superplasticizer (SP), coarse aggregate (CA), and fine aggregate (FA2) are taken as independent factors). The results of the ensembles are compared to unreinforced MLP to examine improvements resulted from the incorporation of the SCE, MVO, and BAS. It was shown that these algorithms can considerably enhance the training and prediction accuracy of the MLP. Overall, the proposed models are capable of presenting an early, inexpensive, and reliable prediction of the CSC. Due to the higher accuracy of the BAS-based model, a predictive formula is extracted from this algorithm.