• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1404-1414
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• 2004

This study examines how the stereotype in a society toward the roles of teachers and students affects their hair styles and ornaments and defines it through the cultural tag, 'like'. A survey of 362 male and female students in colleges located in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas was conducted. The data analysis was done by SPSS 10.0 and the difference of sample means between the groups in addition to basic statistics was evaluated. The t-test was made to test statistically significant difference between the groups. The results of the analysis are summarized as follows: First, the hair styles, shoes and ornaments that are recognized as appropriate for the roles of male students are short cut and black hair, sneakers and necktie. In that case of female students, medium and long hair style, black and brown hair, Loafer, hairpin and hairband are recognized properly. The hair styles, shoes and ornaments that are recognized as appropriate for the roles of male teachers are short cut and black hair, oxfords and necktie. In that case of female teachers, cut, medium, long, permanent and up style, 1)lack and brown hair, pumps, necklace, ring, earring, bracelet, hairpin, hairband, scarf and muffler are recognized appropriately. Second, the stereotype of male students and teachers's roles was more traditional, normative, and limited than that of female students and teachers's. The role of female teachers showed more generous than that of male students, female students, and male teachers.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.32
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• pp.63-79
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• 2013

Tar Baby, Toni Morrison's fourth novel re examines the problem that black characters face in negotiatiating a place for themselves within a dominant culture, with respect to their own history and culture. The novel critiques the dominant socio economic and commodifying cultural space from which the black woman seems to have no escape. Jadine is a colonized subject, for as a fashion model she has surrendered to an aesthetics of commodification, and as a student of art history, she has internalized the capitalist ethic of the white culture industry. Though she has ensured her freedom, Morrison's critique of her separation from her family and culture is unmistakable. Interwoven with her narrative is Son's predicament, the stereotype of a black racist and her 'lover'. The novel ends with him at the crossroads of culture, yet signaling his passage to freedom through resistance. The paper arguments how Toni Morrison has envisioned the welfare of African American community by reconstructing the role of new black generation, as represented by Jadine and Son, whose new journey towards their self fulfillment just not only bring their personal freedom but also regenerates African American community by resisting dominant commodifying cultural.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

This study employed the first-person shooter task(FPST: Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002) paradigm to examine racial bias toward Blacks in a population unrelated to the Black-White racial context. We tested whether having Korean participants play the role of a White police officer portrayed as nonracist (vs. racist) would attenuate the bias to shoot Black suspects. Participants were told that they would perform a police simulation task as a White police officer, who was described as racist or nonracist, or was presented without a description. They then performed the FPST. Although nonracist description lowered shooter bias, racist description weakened it even more, contrary to our prediction. The latter result is interpreted as due to activation of an egalitarian goal after reading about racism-related description, especially as the description was about someone who was to be incorporated to the self. Supporting this interpretation, a mediation analysis involving Racist and Control conditions revealed that the racist description was associated with stronger perception of the officer's racial bias, which in turn was correlated with weaker shooter bias.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.1123-1137
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• 2009

Revisiting the horror of slave mutiny in nineteenth century America via Julia Kristeva's concept of abject, this essay examines abject fear in Amasa Delano and Babo's subversive act to deceive Delano in Herman Melville's "Benito Cereno." Babo, the slave, exercises subversive power, thereby reversing racial hierarchy aboard the slave ship-the San Dominick. Babo's ability to mimic and control racial stereotypes exposes how nineteenth-century racial hierarchy was only a social fiction, which becomes the very source of Delano's fear. Delano's dread belies upon the possible disruption of social order triggered by Babo'sblack rebellion. In order to repress his fear, Delano consciously and unconsciously attempts to re-inscribe white dominion and reaffirm black inferiority and stereotypes by means of rationalizing the disturbing signs he witnesses on the San Dominick. When Delano discovers the realsituation of the ship, he must relinquish the abject resonance that disturbs the previous racial order. Employing a legal document, Delano re-inscribes the official position of the blacks as slaves, defining them as violent savages, and thereby silences Babo. However, Melville's text is not a testament to white power. "Benito Cereno" actually endorses abject instability to challenge racial hierarchies through the poignant image of Babo's dead gaze in the last scene of the novella. Thus, "Benito Cereno" exemplifies the recurring power of abject as a threat to social hierarchy and as a constant reminder of the falsity and insecurity of a social order.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.223-265
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• 2002

In United States black mothers have consistently been treated as national outsiders, as women whose children, although ostensibly entitled to full citizenship, are in practice rarely provided with equal protection within the nation′s borders or under its laws. From the time he began writing in the aftermath of the failures of national Reconstruction, the African American public intellectual and political activist W. E. B. Du Bois realized that a truly effective anti-racist politics would also have to contend with the particular ways in which U.S. racism targeted black mothers. In short, he understood that an effective anti-racism would necessarily have to be a form of anti-sexism. This article examines the myriad ways in which Du Bois attempted to reconstruct the relationship between race and reproduction in the interest of producing anti-racist, anti-nationalist, as well as internationalist thinking. In so doing it treats the various representations of black maternity and child birth that Du Bois created, and elaborates on the rhetorical and political function of these representations in combating the racialization of national belonging on the one hand, and in articulating universal black citizenship, or what this article theorizes as racial globality on the other. The article begins by considering Du Bois′s attempts to transcend ideas about the racialized reproductive body as a source of national belonging within the United States, particularly his efforts to contest the idea of the reconstructing nation as a white nation reproduced exclusively by white women. Through analysis of Du Bois′s depiction of the birth and death of his son in his monumental work The Souls of Black Folk (1903) it demonstrates his reluctance to build an anti-racist politics founded on the idea that belonging within the nation is something that can be bestowed by one′s mother. The article proceeds by turning to Du Bois less well-known romantic novel, Dark Princess (1928) in which, by contrast, he depicts the birth of a "golden chi1d" who belongs not only within the United States, but within the world. This child, the son of an African American man and an Indian Princess, is cast as a messenger and messiah of a utopian alliance between pan-Asia and pan-Africa. In exploring the relationship between these two reproductive portraits, the article moves from a discussion of Du Bois′s critique of the ideological construction of the U.S. as a white nation reproduced by white progenitors, to an examination the literary figuration of a b1aek mother out of whose womb a black diasporic anti-imperialist alliance springs. In contrast to previous scholarship, which has tended to focus on the critique of U.S. racial nationalism that Du Bois expressed in his early work, or on the internationalism that he later embraced, this article pays close attention to how Du Bois′s anti-nationalist and internationalist politics together subtended by subtle, but constitutive, sexual politics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.123-134
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the postmodern characteristics in global fashion advertising. This analysis of postmodern print campaign strategies will increase the understanding of global fashion consumer and assist in establishing global advertising strategies for domestic fashion brands. 2006 A/W and 2007 S/S magazine campaigns for 190 fashion luxury brands were are collected, which were uploaded on the WGSN website. All advertising campaigns were analyzed in terms of postmodern features by four fashion professionals. As a result, major findings are as follows; First, advertising model stereotype was deconstructed. Besides young celebrities, ad models such as real people and old or childish celebrities were cast. Second, expression technique was deconstructed. Chromatic harmony was broadened to include black and white advertising, additive and subtractive color mixing. Innovative layout techniques such as collage were used. And also narrative structure was deconstructed. Third, diverse issues such as environmental message, globalization, fantasy, feminism, everyday life were expressed as advertisement appeals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.591-602
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• 2004

This research examines the attributes of the Korean costume culture inherent in the expression of "-like" by focusing on the professional roles implied in the style of clothes. Based on a random sampling, the sample was comprised of 315 male and female college students who reside in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The results were as followed: 1. Subjects preferred the blouse as the most "female student-like" upper wear. The female students recognized the Y-shirts as the "male teacher-like" upper wear while the male picked the Y-shirts for this category. For the "student-like" sleeve length, the female selected the cap sleeves and the three-quarter sleeves for the female and selected the short sleeves for the male. Subjects preferred the Peter Pan and the sailor collars for the "female student-like" category and selected the shirt collars as the most "male teacher-like" and "male student-like" style. 2 Subjects perceived the A-line and the flared skirts as the "female student-like" dresses. For the lengths of skirts, subjects agreed that the above-knee. the below-knee and the midi length were all proper for female teachers. For the length of pants, subjects selected the 9/10 as the most "female teacher-like" style. 3. Subjects selected black, white, light purple and beige as the preferred colors for female teachers. Subjects chose white and yellow as the most "female student-like" colors and picked the colors, navy blue, light blue and blue, as the "male-like" and "male teacher-like" colors.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2016

Social distance can indicate cognitive and behavioral attitudes toward a social group, and is useful for investigating people situated in a socially vulnerable position. When the children from multicultural family aware negative attitudes from peer Korean children, self-confidence and social competence can be disturbed. This study intended to examine influential factors on children's social distance towards children from multicultural families including multicultural contact experience, stereotype, ethnically homogeneous nationalism, thereby providing empirical evidence on social distance regarding multicultural families and their children. The results of this study are as follows. First, when the Korean children felt closeness with a multicultural child, when the ethnicity of the foreigner resided in the neighbor is White or Black, when they contact multicultural children through the media and a multicultural education, the level of social distance was higher, while the neighbor's ethnicity is Abrab, social distance was lower. Second, there was a significant association between the higher level of Korean children's positive cognition and emotion and the lower level of social distance. Third, hierarchial regression analyses demonstrated that positive emotion and cognition decreased the level of social distance, while both closeness with a multicultural child and taking the multicultural education increased the level of social distance. Finally, based on these results, this study suggested implications for social work practice and research to better understand and reduce children's social distance towards children from multicultural families.