• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-113
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• 2018

From the late 17th to the early 18th century, Europeans were strongly intrigued by products from the East. Therefore, several countries like England, France, and Netherlands formed the 'East India Company' to pursue trade. First, European markets rapidly responded to this desire for exoticism by importing goods; then, they produced imitation Oriental goods. Finally, they made stylistically advanced exotic merchandise from the perspectives of European. In terms of the textile industry, this trend was expressed in the pattern design of silk, or the so called 'bizarre silk.' In this paper, bizarre silk patterns were scrutinized based on a digital archive of museums, catalogues of museums, portal sites, and the literature. The bizarre silk patterns were analyzed then classified into six categories: pseudo-Oriental plant pattern, pattern mingled with architectural motifs, pattern of juxtaposed with Oriental goods, abstract pattern, exuberant pattern with metal threads, and semi-naturalistic pattern. These patterns were characterized according to the following features: strangely large exotic floral patterns were undulating and asymmetrical; exotic foliage and flowers were sometimes mixed with architectural motifs or Oriental goods to easily show the Oriental influence; motifs of bizarre silk patterns were abstractly stylized; bizarre silk patterns became luxurious once more like the Baroque period; finally, floral patterns became more natural, and still exotic motifs remained in the background to maintain the bizarre silk features. These bizarre silk patterns evolved from the viewpoints of Europeans through acceptance stage, compound stage, and confluent stage.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 1998

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation of bone (BPOP) was first described in 1983 by Nora et. al., who reported 35 cases of a bizarre proliferative lesion involving the small bones of the hands and less often the feet. These lesions simulate osteochondromas and conlain cartilage cap exhibiting atypical chondrocytes often undergoing ossification. Radiologically, they differ from osteochondromas. The lesion recurs in a significant number of cases after local excision, and the disturbing cytologic features may lead to a mistaken diagnosis of malignancy. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of bizarre parosleal osteochondromatous proliferation of the foot in a patient without traumatic history.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.178-182
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• 1999

We report a case of bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation of the right femur in an 18-year-old man. Roentgenograms showed a calcific mass attached to the underlying cortex with a broad base. Histologically, the lesion showed hypercellular cartilaginous tissue with maturation into trabecular bone, which contained spindle cells and lymphocytes in the intertrabecular spaces. Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations are a form of heterotopic ossification and should not be mistaken for osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2013

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is an rare benign tumor which involve mostly tubular bones of feet and hand. BPOP has clinical, radiographic, and histologic similarities with osteochondroma.Radiologically, BPOP has not central continuity with underlying osseous medulla. Histologically, the lesion has marked proliferative activity, and enlarged, bizzare, and binucleated chondrocytes.Despite the high risk of recurrence, treatment of choice is surgical resection. This report presents two cases of BPOP of the big toe with reviews of clinical, radiographic, and histological characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2014

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (Nora's lesion) is a rare benign tumor and known to be primarily occur in the small tubular bone of the hands and feet. However, it is very unusual to be reported that it occurs in metatarsal bone in Korea. Thus, we report this tumor of metatarsal bone including the literature review because we have experienced this example.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.195-198
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• 2021

Nora et al. first reported a bizarre parostealosteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) as a small size bone malformation mainly in the foot and hand in April 1983 that was called Nora's lesion or Nora's disease. Nora's disease is known for its low incidence and is characterized as a benign lesion, without a malignancy or metastasis with different histological, radiological, and clinical features from other common lesions. Several cases of Nora's disease on the hand, foot, and long bone have been reported in Korea. This paper reports a case of BPOP of the proximal phalanx of the great toe.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Bell's palsy is an isolated facial paralysis of sudden onset caused by a neuritis of the seventh nerve within the facial canal. It occurs often in the adult man with a history of recent exposure to local cold, such as sleeping next to an open window, or in some cases it occurs after infections of the nasopharynx or masticator spaces. Especially, this neuropathy have linked with the major collagen disorders (diabetes mellitus). A segmental demyelination develops rapidly, with vascultitis in microinfarcts and ischemia to the nerve segment. The authors experienced about the bizarre neurological symptom of Bell's palsy after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia and TMJ dislocation in diabetic mellitus. The early and correct consultation with the multiple medical and dental departments was important to prevent the inadequate care & medicolegal problems.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2011

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) otherwise known as Nora's lesion, is a benign surface tumor of the small tubular bone of the hands and feet with high probability of local recurrence. The report of BPOP in the foot is very rare in our country. We report a case of BPOP of proximal phalanx of right $3^{rd}$ toe in 44-year-old female, successfully managed by en-bloc marginal excision with a review of the literatures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.168-178
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• 2015

This article analysis the aesthetics of metal-body of (1989) and its metamorphosis of dehumanization through visual desires expressed by body images. This paper suggests theoretical analysis based on aesthetic views to understand the underlying meanings. The research categorizes three types of images; surreal image, grotesque image and eros image from the metamorphosis of dehumanization and transformation throughout the film. As the surreal image, the metamorphic process of transformation, demolition, derangement, illusion, and human desire continues to reflect the evil side of a human in everyday life. It also visualizes the images of exaggeration through weakness and bizarre side of metal-body. The grotesque image of body metamorphosis displays and symbolizes double-sides of bizarre and weak side of human in the everyday environment when malformation reaches its peak when Tetsuo finally shows his transforming figure. Finally, the eros image is analogized as a man's inner self and self-destruction in surreal world and a grotesque figure when overwhelming desire of transforming into rebirth of a perfect metal-body, Tetsuo. The surreal image, grotesque image, and eros image portraits human desires inner and outer-self into visualized image and that represents the means of excessive desire for dreaming of world domination with merging non-organic medium of metal and organic body to create a perfect body-image.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.2017-2020
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• 2009

Three complexes, [bis(L-, D- and DL-alaninato)(diaqua)]nickel(II) di-hydrate, were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography, gas chromatography, UV-Visible spectroscopy and isothermal calorimetry. Small deviations from the 50:50 distribution of the enantiomers assigned to chiral preferences of the ligands in the complexes were observed. The surprising and unexpected results indicate that complexing alanine with nickel(II) ion alters the racemization rates of D and L isomers of the amino acid. The precipitated complex due to change in pH resulted in preferential precipitation of one isomer with respect to the other. It has been observed that this alternation is ogmented by the long time span which would result in preferential protein forming from the L-isomer. Although the results are bizarre and perplexing, they are fascinating and sound scientifically.