• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.105-109
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• 1996

The calculation of the total power required at the Continuous Extrusion Forming(CONFORM) has been performed by the theoretical analysis of three transformation regions(primary grip length and extrusion grip length, flashing). In this study, that was performed by five transformation regions(biting, upsetting, filling, extruding, flashing)and four transformation regions(biting, upsetting and filling, extruding, flashing) and then results of theoretical analyses were compared with experimental results. Results of analysis by four and five transformation regions than that of three transformation regions in the CONFORM showed in a good agreement with experimental results.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

In the study of population dynamics of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) emerging from reclaimed rice fields in Seosan, Chungchongnam-do, Korea, a new species, Tanytarsus seosanensis sp. nov. and an unrecorded species from Korea, Chironomus javonus (Kieffer) were found. T.seosonensis was the third dominant species among the non-biting midges found in the reclaimed rice fields, whereas C.javanus was a rare species. They are fully described with illustrations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.428-434
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• 2001

After miniplate fixation of mandibular angle fractures, fracture line stability during functional loading was evaluated. Using panoramic radiographs, 15 mandibular angle fracture patients who were treated by open reduction and one miniplate fixation along the external oblique ridge, were evaluated at postoperative 1, 4 and 8 weeks. At each time, 2 radiographs were taken: one taken during maximum biting of hardened silicone sheet on the affected side molar area and the other on the non-affected side. The distraction gap of inferior border of mandible at each time and each side was measured and these data were analysed statistically with clinical findings. The differences of inferior border distraction gap during hardened silicone sheet biting on the affected side molar area and on the non-affected side molar area at 4 week radiographs were smaller than those of 1 week's except one case. At 8 week's radiographs, the fracture lines were so stabilized that it was almost impossible to find the gap differences except one case and there were increased radiopacity along the entire fracture lines. Clinically, bony union was confirmed in all cases during plate removal performed at postoperative 6 month. By statistical analysis(paired t-test), the inferior border distraction gap during biting of hardened silicone sheet on the affected side was significantly reduced during 1 and 4 week interval(p<0.01). The differences of inferior border distraction gap during biting on the affected side molar area and on the non-affected side molar area were also significantly reduced at 1 and 4 week interval(p<0.01). But the inferior border distraction(compression) gap during non-affected side biting was not significantly changed. From these findings, it could be concluded that fracture line stability during functional loading after one miniplate fixation of mandibular angle fractures stems mainly from reduction of inferior border distraction gap during affected side biting on time interval. According to these radiographic and clinical findings, the clinical superiority of one miniplate fixation technique in mandibular angle fracture treatment could be confirmed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.117-118
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• 2008

The low latency encoder for high data rate duo-binary turbo codes with tail biting trellises is considered. Encoder hardware architecture is proposed using inherent encoding property of duo-binary turbo codes. And we showed that half of execution time as well as the energy can be reduced with the proposed architecture.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2010

Trauma to the lips and tongue can occur by accidental self-biting after dental treatment. After local anesthesia, it is likely that the patient may feel painless even in biting the tongue. In case of young children and disabled patients, the dentists should be careful not to bite the tongue. In this report, we present a case of deep lingual laceration due to biting the tongue in the course of dental treatment under general anesthesia. A 33 year-old male was transferred to our hospital to treat tongue laceration. Before 2 hour on arrival, he had received dental care under general anesthesia at a dental hospital for the disabled because of cooperation difficulty and cerebral palsy. During recovery from general anesthesia, he tried to bite his own tongue involuntary. The doctors and nurses tried to prevent the patient from being injured. Despite these efforts, massive bleeding occurred from the injured sites of the tongue. Because we could not communicate with him, we decided to evaluate the extent of the injury and treat the injured sites under general anesthesia. The laceration wound was sutured for nearly 1 hr general anesthesia. During recovery we inserted mouth prop into the oral cavity to prevent further injuries from tongue biting. After full recovery from general anesthesia he didn't try to bite his tongue. After 4 hour admission, he was discharged without other complications.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2014

Brain disorder disability is assessed when organic brain lesion such as cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, or stroke causes physical impairment which limits daily activites substantially according to its level and range of paralysis or the presence of involuntary movement. According to the disabled person welfare law in Korea, grade I brain disorder is assessed when one is in continuous irreversible state of coma without the ability to prolong one's life without other's help. Self-injurious behavior is defined as the non-suicidal intentional or unintentional injury to one's own body which can occur repetitively temporarily or chronically. People with decreased consciousness often exhibit increased self-injurious behavior which is most commonly associated with tongue or lip biting. This report documents a successful self -injurious lip biting treatment of a brain lesion patient within a short time by applying a removable acrylic resin appliance including posterior bite block.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 1995

Fauna of medically important arthropods in Chindo Island was studied in July 1994. Among eight speices of mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae), Culex tritenirohyunchus was predomiant (46.5% of the total0, and Anopheles sinensis the next. Seven specimens of the unidentified Culex sp. which seemed to be new were also collected. Total 23 species of non-biting midges(Diptera : Chiornomidae) were found in Chindo Is. Of them , Chironomus kiiensis was the predominant species (67.3%) , and Ch.flaviplumus the next (15.6%). Three species, Cladopelma viridula, Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus and Harnischia urtilamellata are reported for the first time in Korea, and they are fully re-described with illustrations. Among five species of biting midges (Diptera : Ceraopogenidae) collected, Culicoides punctatus was predominant (88.7%). A species of Foreipomia was also collected, and this genus is not recorded in Korean fauna. Only two species of domiciliary cockroaches, Periplaneta japonica and P.americana were collected in small numbers and Blatella germanica which is known as the most predominant speices in Korea was not found. The predominant speices of field rodents was Apodemus agrarius and thier ectoparasites were Leptotrombidium orientale (Acarina : Tromicibulidae), Lxodes nipponensis (Acarina : Ixodidae) ; Laelaps jettmani and Eulaelaps stabularis (Acarina : Laelapidae).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.37-52
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and masseter muscles during occlusal functions by means of EMG recordings of examined muscles. For the study, eighteen normal subjects were selected and the Bio-electric Processor EM2 (Myo-tronics Research, Inc., U.S.A.) with the surface electrodes was used to record the EMG activity from the right and left middle of masseter and insertion of SCM of each subject during right and left gum-chewing and isometric contraction by changing the biting force at right eccentric position of jaw. The amount of biting force ranged from 5 to 70kg during isometric contraction were measured by use of Jaw Force Meter. (Nihon Koden Kogyo, Japan.) The results were as follows: 1. The activity onset of SCM and masseter on the same side was almost at the same time, and integrated EMG values of two muscles on the chewing side were higher than the same named muscles on the non-chewing side during gum-chewing. (p<0.01) 2. The regression correlation was not present between both masseters (p>0.05), but between both SCM muscles or muscles of two kinds on the chewing or non-chewing side. ($p{\leqq}0.05$) 3. The integrated EMG value of SCM on chewing or non-chewing side were about 10 percent of that of ipsilateral masseter. 4. Mean voltage of each examined muscles were almost proportional to biting force during isometric contraction and the slope of voltage/biting force line was steepest at the ipsilateral masseter, followed by contalateral masseter, ipsi- and contra-lateral SCM muscles. 5. Mean voltage of ipsilateral masseter was highest during isometric contraction, followed by ipsilateral masseter, contra- and ipsi-lateral SCM muscles.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.411-426
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of occlusal condition and clenching level on the mandibular torque rotational movement. For this study, healthy 14 men without any symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders were selected. Mandibular torque rotational movement was observed in each circumstance of combination of three occlusal conditions such as natural dentition, with wafer of 3.6 mm thickness, and wafer with resin stop of 14 mm thickness total during hard biting of bite stick at maximum voluntary contraction(MVC) and 50% of MVC level of surface EMG activity of masseter muscle. Electromyographic activity and mandibular torque rotational movement were observed using BioEMG and BioEGN in $BioPak^{(R)}$ system. Each biting movement in each circumstance was composed of clenching one time and hard biting of wooden stick two times. The observed items were opening distance, velocity and amount of torque rotational movement in mandibular movement, and the data were statistically processed with $SPSS^{(R)}$ windows (ver.10.0). The results of this study were as follows: 1. There were no differences in the mandibular movement distance between those value in both biting sides, and between those in both clenching forces, but the mandibular velocity showed a different results by clenching force. For the amount of torque rotational movement, there were no difference in the value of the frontal plane but some significant difference was in the value of the horizontal plane by biting side. 2. The mandibular movement distance and the mandibular velocity in both planes were higher by maximum voluntary contraction than those by half maximum voluntary contraction, and amount of torque rotational movement in the horizontal plane was also increased by maximum voluntary contraction. 3. The opening distance in both planes were decreased with the increase of vertical dimension of occlusion, namely, by the occlusal appliances, and this pattern was also showed in the mandibular velocity in case of hard biting by maximum voluntary contraction. However, the amount of torque rotational movement were not different by the increase of vertical dimension of occlusion. 4. The value of angle and distance of the torque rotational movement in the hard biting of wooden stick were generally higher than those in the clenching without wooden stick in both planes without regard to occlusal conditions and/or clenching forces.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2006

Self-injurious behavior is defined as deliberated harm to one's own body without suicidal intent. It usually occurs as head banging or hitting, body hitting, skin cutting, or finger biting and includes ocular, genital, and self-inflicted oral mutilation. Self-injurious behavior can occur with mental retardation, comatose status, psychotic problem, poisoning, or character disorders. In pediatric patients, self-injurious behavior usually is reported to lip, cheek and tongue biting, and many kinds of dental management methods have been introduced to prevent self-injurious behavior patients from self biting. This report presents some self-inflicted oral mutilation patients who were all treated successfully with several appliances.