• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2020

Finger millet is more nutritious than other and millets and widely cultivate in tropical regions of the world. Furthermore, it is more tolerant against biotic and abiotic stresses such as pest, drought and salt. For this reason, finger millet is one of the putative crops to introduce and cultivate on reclaimed land and prepare the global climate exchange in Korea. In present study, genetic diversity and structure of different populations of finger millet from Africa and South Asia was examined at molecular level using newly developed EST-Simple Sequence Repeat (EST-SSR) markers. In total, 46 primers produced 292 alleles in a size range of 100-500 bp and mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) and Marker Index (MI) were 0.372 and 1.04, respectively. 46 primers showed polymorphism and 21 primers were identified as having a PIC value above 0.5. Principal coordinates analysis and the dendrogram constructed out of combined data of both markers showed grouping of finger millet accessions to their respective area of collection. The 156 accessions were more classified into four groups, such as three groups of Africa collection and one group of Asia. Results of present study can be useful in identifying diverse accessions and management of this plant resource. Moreover, the novel SSR markers developed can be utilized for various genetic analyses in this species in future.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2020

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora(Burrill), is a destructive disease of apple that damages blossoms, shoots, and woody plant organs. The fire blight disease is a worldwide problem for pome fruit growers because all popular apple cultivars are susceptible to the disease. Recently, fire blight of apple rootstocks has become a serious economic problem in high-density orchard systems in korea. The most commonly used dwarfing root stocks, M.9 and M.26, are highly susceptible to E. amylovora. The objective of the apple rootstock-breeding program has been to develop pomologically excellent rootstocks with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, including fire blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. So we tried to collect the apple rootstocks traits of fire blight resistance. The apple genotype Malus Robusta 5 (MR5) represents an ideal donor for fire blight resistance because it was described as resistant to all currently known European strains of the pathogen. The PCR for detecting the MR5 gene using the primers Md_MR5_FL_F/Md_MR5_FL_R. The results of these experiments confirmed some apple rootstocks traits of fire blight resistance showed the MR5. Furthermore, this gene is confirmed to be the resistance determinant of Mr5 as the transformed lines undergo the same gene-for-gene interaction in the host-pathogen relationship MR5-E. amylovora.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

Recently, intensive research has been conducted to develop innovative methods for diagnosing plant diseases based on hyperspectral technologies. Hyperspectral analysis is a new subject that combines optical spectroscopy and image analysis methods, which makes it possible to simultaneously evaluate both physiological and morphological parameters. Among the physiological and morphological parameters are classifying healthy and diseased plants, assessing the severity of the disease, differentiating the types of pathogens, and identifying the symptoms of biotic stresses at early stages, including during the incubation period, when the symptoms are not visible to the human eye. Plant diseases cause significant economic losses in agriculture around the world as the symptoms of diseases usually appear when the plants are infected severely. Early detection, quantification, and identification of plant diseases are crucial for the targeted application of plant protection measures in crop production. Hence, this can be done by possible applications of hyperspectral sensors and platforms on different scales for disease diagnosis. Further, the main areas of application of hyperspectral sensors in the diagnosis of plant diseases are considered, such as detection, differentiation, and identification of diseases, estimation of disease severity, and phenotyping of disease resistance of genotypes. This review provides a deeper understanding, of basic principles and implementation of hyperspectral sensors that can measure pathogen-induced changes in plant physiology. Hence, it brings together critically assessed reports and evaluations of researchers who have adopted the use of this application. This review concluded with an overview that hyperspectral sensors, as a non-invasive system of measurement can be adopted in early detection, identification, and possible solutions to farmers as it would empower prior intervention to help moderate against decrease in yield and/or total crop loss.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

In order to study genetic engineering in trees, the characterization of genes and promoters from trees is necessary. We isolated the promoter region (867 bp) of Pagns-LTP from poplar (P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and characterized its activity in transgenic poplar plants using a ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. High-level expression of the Pagns-LTP transcript was found in poplar roots, while comparatively low-level expression was found in the young leaves. Pagns-LTP mRNA was not detected in other poplar tissues. Additionally, transgenic poplar plants that contained a Pagns-LTP promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene, displayed tissue-specific GUS enzyme activity localized in root tissue. In silico analysis of the Pagns-LTP promoter sequence reveals the presence of several cis-regulatory elements responsive to phytohormones, biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as those regulating tissue-specific expression. These results demonstrate that the Pagns-LTP promoter has tissue-specific expression activity in poplar roots and leaves that may be involved in organ development and plant resistance to various stresses. Therefore, we anticipate that the Pagns-LTP promoter would be a useful tool to genetically optimize woody plants for functional genomics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Soil salinity causes reduction of crop productivity. Rhizosphere microbes have metabolic capabilities and ability to adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could play a role as elicitors for inducing tolerance to stresses in plants by affecting resident microorganism in soil. This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of selected strains on rhizosphere microbial community under salinity stress. METHODS AND RESULTS: The experiments were conducted in tomato plants in pots containing field soil. Bacterial suspension was inoculated into three-week-old tomato plants, one week after inoculation, and -1,000 kPa-balanced salinity stress was imposed. The physiological and biochemical attributes of plant under salt stress were monitored by evaluating pigment, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and ion concentrations. To demonstrate the effect of selected Bacillus strains on rhizosphere microbial community, soil microbial diversity and abundance were evaluated with Illumina MiSeq sequencing, and primer sets of 341F/805R and ITS3/ITS4 were used for bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. As a result, when the bacterial strains were inoculated and then salinity stress was imposed, the inoculation decreases the stress susceptibility including reduction in lipid peroxidation, enhanced pigmentation and proline accumulation which subsequently resulted in better plant growth. However, bacterial inoculations did not affect diversity (observed OTUs, ACE, Chao1 and Shannon) and structure (principle coordinate analysis) of microbial communities under salinity stress. Furthermore, relative abundance in microbial communities had no significant difference between bacterial treated- and untreated-soils under salinity stress. CONCLUSION: Inoculation of Bacillus strains could affect plant responses and soil pH of tomato plants under salinity stress, whereas microbial diversity and abundance had no significant difference by the bacterial treatments. These findings demonstrated that Bacillus strains could alleviate plant's salinity damages by regulating pigments, proline, and MDA contents without significant changes of microbial community in tomato plants, and can be used as effective biostimulators against salinity stress for sustainable agriculture.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.188-192
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• 2023

Abiotic and biotic stresses have been a serious threat to crop growth and productivity in the agricultural system. In this study, four strains (HS1, H30-3, KJ40, and BC42), which have biological activities related to disease suppression or alleviation of salinity and drought stresses, were tested for broad-spectrum biocontrol activity against anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum orbiculare, a bacterial fruit blotch caused by Acidovorax citrulli, and Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in cucumber plants. As a result of test, when the four strains were drenched into the soil, anthracnose in cucumber leaves significantly decrease; strain KJ40 suppressed disease incidence by A. citrulli; strain BC42 significantly reduced bacterial fruit blotch and Fusarium wilt compared to control. Therefore, strain KJ40 could be a biocontrol candidate for controlling anthracnose through induced systemic resistance and the disease caused by A. citrulli as well as alleviating drought stress; strain BC42 has broad-spectrum biocontrol activity against anthracnose, Fusarium wilt, and bacterial fruit blotch.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2019

Biocontrol agents (BCAs) are widely used to protect plants from diverse biotic and abiotic stresses in agricultural and ecological fields. Among the various microbes, many subspecies of the gram-positive genus, Bacillus, have been successfully industrialized as eco-friendly biological pesticides and fertilizers. In the current study, we demonstrated that Bacillus thuringiensis C25 exhibited antagonistic effects on the mycelial growth of Rosellinia necatrix, a fungal phytopathogen. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that B. thuringiensis C25 degraded the cell wall structures of R. necatrix mycelia. In the functional genomic analysis of B. thuringiensis C25, we annotated 5,683 genes and selected the gene sets that potentially encoded fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs). The growth inhibition effects on R. necatrix were highly correlated with the transcriptional activity of the mycelial cell wall degrading genes of B. thuringiensis C25. The transcript levels of CWDEs, including CshiA, B, and Glycos_transf_2 genes in B. thuringiensis C25, were enhanced following co-cultivation with R. necatrix. In conclusion, our study suggested that B. thuringiensis C25 could serve as a suitable candidate for controlling R. necatrix and could facilitate elucidating the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activities of BCAs against phytopathogens.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

Expression of an anionic peroxidase swpa2 gene isolated from cultured cells of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) was investigated under various stress conditions by RT-PCR. The swpa2 gene was not expressed in any tissues of intact sweetpotato plant grown at the normal condition. The expression of this gene was strongly induced in leaf tissue by treatment of $H_2O$$_2$ (440mM). Treatment of NaCl (100mM), ABA (0.1mM) and methyl jasmonate(MeJA, 0.1mM) also induced the expression of swpa2 gene. Interestingly, salicylic acid (SA, 0.1 mM) did not induce the expression of swpa2 gene, indicating that anionic swpa2 POD is differently involved in SA and MeJA signaling pathways. In addition, swpa2 gene was strongly induced in sweetpoato leaf tissues infected with Pectobacterium chrysanthemi, indicating that swpa2 is involved in defense related to the pathogenesis of P. chrysanthemi in sweetpotato plants. These results strongly suggest that swpa2 gene is involved in overcoming oxidative stresses caused by both abiotic and biotic stress.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.396-399
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• 1989

Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) is a promising forage crop that is resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and has a capability to grow well not only in the fertile soil, but also in the poor and dry soil, The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of increased fertilizer application level on the productivity and Quality of pearl millet in the old and newly reclaimed upland soils of Suwon, Chungju, Jeonju, Jinju and Jeju in Korea from 1986 to 1988, Plant height, green fodder yield, protein content and digestibility were increased by the increased fertilizer application level. However, the increased fertilizer application caused lodging, so that the plants grown above one meter in canopy height would be desiable to be clipped remaining 20cm above the ground surface before lodging, and fed to cattle, Mean green yields of the N 45-60kg/l0a application were 12.7-13.4t/l0a in the old upland soil. Increased phosphorus and potash fertilizer application also increased productivity, especially with potash fertilizer effect being higher than that of phosphorus fertilizer, In the newly reclaimed upland soil, improved and doubled fertilizer application plot of 60-60-40-4000kg/10a in N-P$_2$O$\sub$5/-K$_2$O-Compost was 38％ higher being 12.6t/10a of green fodder yield as compared with standard fertilizer application plot, Pearl millet productivity and Quality were higher than those of maize and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids, particularly in green fodder yield, protein content and digestibility.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.317-322
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• 2009

Healthy seedling generation is the major concern in overcoming adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stresses during tender stage of development in vegetables and horticultural crops. Because of this, priority is given to research leading to the generation of healthy seedlings in crops subjected to transplanting and bedding. In this study, growth pouch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of inoculation of six different strains of Methylobacterium sp. namely, M. oryzae CBMB20, M. phyllosphaerae CBMB27, M. suomiense CBMB120, and Methylobacterium strains CBMB12, CBMB15 and CBMB17 on the seedling development of the vegetable crops cabbage, Chinese cabbage and cucumber; and horticultural crops tomato and red pepper. Crops treated with the test strains generally showed higher seedling dry matter accumulation compared to the control. Significantly higher accumulation was exhibited by CBMB12, CBMB17, and CBMB20 in cabbage, as well as for CBMB27 and CBMB120 on tomato and Chinese cabbage, respectively. Furthermore, all the strains promoted root elongation in cucumber and tomato seedlings while in Chinese cabbage and red pepper, root elongation was observed with CBMB120 and CBMB12 inoculation, respectively. Large scale nursery study is needed to develop a thorough protocol for healthy seedling development with the use of these strains.