• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2006

Quercitrin gallate was previously isolated from Persicaria lapathifolia (Polygonaceae) as an inhibitor of superoxide production. In the present study, quercitrin gallate was found to inhibit interleukin (IL)-6 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages RAW 264.7 with an $IC_{50}$ value of $63\;{\mu}M$. Furthermore, quercitrin gallate attenuated LPS-induced synthesis of IL-6 transcript but also inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 promoter activity, indicating that the compound could down-regulate IL-6 expression at the transcription level. Since nuclear factor (NF)-kB has been shown to play a key role in LPS-inducible IL-6 expression, an effect of quercitrin gallate on LPS-induced NF-kB activation was further analyzed. Quercitrin gallate exhibited a dosedependent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kB without affecting inhibitory kB (IkB) degradation, and subsequently inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB transcriptional activity in macrophages RAW 264.7. Taken together, quercitrin gallate down-regulated LPS-induced IL-6 expression by inhibiting NF-kB activation, which could provide a pharmacological potential of the compound in IL-6-related immune and inflammatory diseases.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2006

Monascus purpureus MK2를 이용하여 수용성 홍국 천연색소 생산을 위한 최적 배양조건에 대한 연구 결과, 탄소원으로 wheat flour 3.0% 첨가, 질소원으로 $NaNO_3$ 0.15%, 인산염으로 $K_{2}HPO_4$ 농도가 0.2% 및 $MgSO_4\;7H_{2}O$의 농도가 0.05%일 때 가장 높은 수용성 홍국 천연색소 생성을 나타내었다. 또한 배양온도는 $30^{\circ}C$, 초기 pH가 7.0, 진탕속도 130 rpm 및 배양시간 7일 일 때 수용성 홍국 천연색소의 생성능은 모 균주의 생성능인 3.12 unit(황색), 1.87 unit(오렌지), 1.77 unit(적색)에 비해 각각 9.33, 19.70, 27.64배 높은 29.10 unit(황색), 36.84 unit(오렌지), 48.92 unit(적색)로 가장 높은 수용성 홍국 천연색소의 생성능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1141-1145
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• 2008

Isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) is a promising dietary component with prebiotic effect, and the long-chain IMOs are preferred to short chain ones owing to the longer persistence in the colon. To establish the optimal process for synthesis of long-chain IMOs, we systematically examined the reaction condition of dextransucrase of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F by changing the ratio of sucrose to maltose (varying as 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) and amount of each sugar (from 2% to 20%). As a result, a ratio of 2:1 (sucrose to maltose, 10:5% or 20:10%, w/v) was determined as an optimal condition for long-chain IMO synthesis (DP3-DP9) with relatively higher yields (70-90%, respectively).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2007

Monascus purpureus KFRI 1134 균주에 대해 UV ($235_{nm}$, 30 second) 조사를 통한 변이주 형성을 유도하여 Monascus sp. MK2-2를 분리하였다. 홍국 천연색소 생산의 최적조건은 rice powder 0.3%와 0.2% yeast extract, 0.3% $NH_4H_2PO_4$의 배지 조성에서 초기 pH 5.0, 배양온도 $30^{\circ}C$ 및 배양기간은 5일이었으며, 홍국 천연색소 생산에 미치는 탄소원의 영향은 wheat flour > rice powder > fructose 순으로 높았다. 질소원은 sodium nitrate > $KNO_3$의 순서로 생성능이 높았으며, C/N ratio가 $17\sim22$일 때 색소의 생성능이 우수하였다. Anti-thrombosis activity 측정결과 Monascus sp. MK2-2 추출물은 aspirin과 유사한 항혈전 기능을 지니고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.507-521
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• 2014

A phase variation has been reported in an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila. Compared with a wild-type primary form, a secondary form usually loses several physiological and biochemical characters. This study showed that the phase variation of X. nematophila caused a significant alteration in its immunosuppressive activity and subsequent entomopathogenicity. A secondary form of X. nematophila was detected in laboratory colonies and exhibited significant differences in dye absorption and entomopathogenicity. In addition, the secondary form was different in its production of eicosanoid-biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) compared with the primary form of X. nematophila. Production of oxindole and p-hydroxypropionic acid was significantly reduced in the culture broth of the secondary form of X. nematophila. The reduced EBI production resulted in significant suppression in the inhibitory effects on cellular nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity. Culture broth of the primary form of X. nematophila enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) significantly more than the culture broth of the secondary form. Furthermore, this study developed a highly efficient "Dual Bt-Plus: to control both lepidopteran insect pests Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua, by mixing two effective Bt strains along with the addition of potent bacterial metabolites or 100-fold concentrated X. nematophila culture broth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1564-1567
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• 2001

Hydrolysis of plant protein to non-protein nitrogen (N) or ammonia can reduce quality of silage crops. Heating or non-enzymatic browning is a treatment to inhibit this hydrolysis. This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of pre-heated soybean meal and molasses on the fermentation quality of napiergrass silage. The initial growth of napiergrass was harvested at 85 days of age and immediately chopped into about 1 cm length. About 700 g of the grass was ensiled into a laboratory silo (1.0 liter polyethylene container) and incubated for 30 days at room temperature ($28^{\circ}C$). No additives (control), molasses, soybean meal and molasses + soybean meal treatments were prepared. All additives were non-heated or heated in an oven at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes before ensiling. Molasses was added at 3% on the fresh weight basis and soybean meal was added at 0.5% N, respectively. After opening the silo, pH, total nitrogen (TN), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA) and dry matter (DM) contents were determined. The data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance. Compared with control, molasses addition significantly decreased pH value, VBN/TN, AA and BA and increased LA production. Soybean meal addition significantly increased TN and VBN/TN of silage. Both molasses and soybean meal addition significantly reduced pH value, AA, and BA and increased DM and LA contents of silage. The heating of additives was only effective to reduce VBN/TN production compared with non-heated additives in soybean meal and soybean meal with molasses addition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1323-1328
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• 2000

Bovine colostrum, which contains a large quantity of immunoglobulins, is indispensable for newborn animals. The establishment of a new procedure for preserving colostrum without losing the immunological activity is significant. We examined the effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment (100~500 MPa) on the preservability and the immunochemical activity of bovine colostrum. When high hydrostatic pressure treatment was 300 MPa or more, the increase of the total viable count, coliforms and psychrotrophic gram-negative bacteria was suppressed effectively. In particular, the number of coliforms in colostrum treated at 300 MPa or more hardly increased for 35 days at $4{^{\circ}C}$. At 400 MPa or more, both gelling of the colostrum and denaturation of immunoglobulins were observed. However, if the pressure was 300 MPa, immunoglobulins were scarcely influenced and the neutralizing titers against the bovine coronavirus did not decrease. Therefore, it was suggested that 300 MPa was the best pressure for good preservability of colostrum without reducing the immunochemical response.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.570-574
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• 2016

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective ($EC_{50}$ < $0.1{\mu}g/ml$), and pyrimethanil was the least effective ($EC_{50}=50{\mu}g/ml$), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1997

Microbial of enzymatical methods are suitable for production of rare monosaccharides. Using oxidation and reduction ability of Microorganisms, various rare ketoses and polyols can be produced, for example D-tagatose from galagtitol by Enterobacter agglomerans strain 221e. L-tagatose from galactitol by Klebsiella pheumonias strain 40b, L-psicose from allitol by Gluconobacter frateurii IFO 3254, D-talitol from d-tagatose by Aureobasidium pullulans strain 113B, allitol from D-psicose by Enterobacter agglomerans strain 221e and so on. We can produce various rare aldoses and ketoses using aldose isomerases, for example L-galactose from L-tagatose by D-arabnose isomerase, and L-ribose from L-ribulose by L-isomerase, and so on. D-Tagatose 3-epimerase of Pseudomonas sp. ST-24 is very useful for preparationof various rare ketoses, for example D-psicose from D-fructose, D-sorbose from D-tagatose, L-fructose, from L-psicose and so on. Using polyol dehydrogenases, aldose isomerases and D-tagatose 3-epimerase, we can design the suitable for production of a certain rare monosaccharide from a suitable substrate.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.227-235
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• 2023

The current study evaluated the presence and concentration of health-promoting phenolic antioxidants in sorghum seed accessions from seven regions in three different countries (Uzbekistan, Myanmar, and the United States). The free radical scavenging activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay was 13.10±2.37 ㎍/mL in the Uzbekistan sorghum seed extracts, demonstrating the highest antioxidant activity. Additionally, the total phenol content was the highest in the Uzbekistan sorghum seed extracts [157.87±4.04 mg GAE/g (gallic acid equivalents per gram)]. The total flavonoid content was 12.69±0.72 mg QE/g (quercetin equivalents per gram) and represents the highest value in the Myanmar collection. The Uzbekistan collection demonstrated the greatest potential for whitening activity, with the tyrosinase inhibition rate of 79.20±4.15%. The wrinkle improvement function using elastase also showed the highest anti-aging activity of 55.85±4.78% in the same seed extract. The Uzbekistan seed extract had the highest NO production inhibitory activity of 144.35±4.55%. We conclude from these results that the Uzbekistan sorghum seed has excellent antioxidant activity, content of various functional ingredients, and anti-inflammatory activity.