• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1061-1071
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to train talents with high quality in dental hygienists by suggesting problems and proposing basic data available for applying to development in dental hygiene curriculum, through analyzing contents of dental hygiene curriculum. Methods : To analyze curriculum of educational institutions for dental hygienists between America and Korea, it utilized materials that were notified on each university homepage, analyzed documents, analyzed curricular content analysis, comparatively analyzed America's ASDHEP field, and comparatively analyzed Biomedical Science field, dentistry field, prevention and public field, clinical dental hygiene field, integrated curriculum, and teaching course between domestic university and American university. Results : 1. The basic field of ASDHEP was indicated the average credit in 28.6 for 4-year university with establishment and the average credit in 26.9 for 3-year university with establishment. The curricular subject field of ASDHEP except the basic field was indicated the average credit in 29.45 for 4-year university with establishment and the average credit in 30.68 for 3-year university with establishment. The prevention and public field by university was indicated the totally average credit in 27.5 for 4-year university and in 26.2 for 3-year university. The clinical dental hygiene field by university was indicated the totally average credit in 27.5 for 4-year university and in 35.0 for 3-year university. The integrated curriculum was indicated to be established dental hygiene practice(3 universities), dental clinics practice for Dept. of clinical dental hygiene(2 universities), and comprehensive dental hygiene practice(1 university) for 4-year university, and to be established clinical dental hygiene(2 universities), comprehensive dental hygiene practice, dental hygiene practice, and dental clinics practice(1 university, respectively) for 3-year university. Comparing the teaching courses by university, they were established diversely from 8 credits to 2 credits. Conclusions : Seeing the above findings, a plan for dental hygiene curriculum needs to be continuously developed so that dental hygienists can enter upon a professional career. Development in the international standard curriculum proper for global era is considered to be desperately needed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify algicidal bacterium that tends to kill the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, and to determine the algicidal activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among of four algicidal bacteria isolated in this study, NH-12 isolate was the strongest algicidal activity against A. catenella. NH-12 isolate was identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The isolate showed 97.67% homology with Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis ACAM $620^T$ (U85855), and was designated Pseudoalteromonas sp. NH-12. The optimal culture conditions of this isolate were $25^{\circ}C$, initial pH 8.0, and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl concentration. The algicidal activity of NH-12 was significantly increased to maximum value in the late of logarithmic phase of bacterial culture. As a result of 'cell culture insert' experiment, NH-12 is assumed to produce secondary metabolites, as an indirect attacker. When 10% culture filtrate of NH-12 was applied to A. catenella, over 99% of algal cells were destroyed within 24 h. In addition, the killing effects were increased in dose and time dependent manners. CONCLUSION(S): Taken together, our results suggest that Pseudoalteromonas sp. NH-12 could be a candidate for controlling of toxic algal blooms.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

Mast cells (MCs) are granulated cells that play a pivotal role in allergic reaction and inflammation. The granules of mast cells are known to be rich in zinc (Zn). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. We injected $200{\mu}L$ of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) subcutaneously in the dorsal aspect of one hindpaw Finally, zinc selenium autometallography(AMG) was done by Danscher's method. The present study showed the ultrastructures of zinc-containing mast cells found in inflammatory area following an complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) inoculation into the rat hindpaw. At light microscopic level, mast cells were round or oval, at average $12{\mu}m$ in diameter, with many filopodia extending from the cell surface. Because the rather small and spherical nucleus was centrally placed; it was frequently obscured by the cytoplasmic granules, it sometimes could not be seen. Mast cells were distributed chiefly in the vicinity of small blood vessels. In most preparation many mast cells were ruptured and their granules escaped into the surrounding tissue. In electron micrographs, The secretory granules were at average $0.5{\mu}m$ in diameter and were limited by a membrane. The cell surface contained numerous microvilli and folds. Their interior was heterogenous in appearance. The nucleus was surrounded by large numbers of prominent vesicels and a well developed Golgi apparatus, but scant endoplasmic reticulum.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2006

Onuf's nucleus, which is located in the ventral horn, has been known to innervate the striated muscles of the urethral and anal sphincter muscles via the pudendal nerve Onuf's nuclei are resistant to pathologic condition such as poliovirus. The reason why the motor neurons in Onuf's nucleus are less degenerated is not certain until now. The present study aims at updating the microscopical characteristics including its location the Onuf's nucleus innervating the external urethral sphincter, and ultrastructures of the zinc-enriched (ZEN) terminals synaptically-contacting with Onuf's motor neurons in the rat spinal gray matter by using HRP tracing method and zinc selenium autometallography, respectively. Based on HRP tracing method, Onuf's nuclei were located adjacent lateral dendritic projections of the ventral horn. Their shape was almost round at lumbar level, but oval at sacral segment of spinal cord. In size, their somata were smaller than that of other motor nuclei. In AMG stained sections, Onuf's nuclei were innervated by highly concentrated ZEN terminals, and contained small and middle-sized ZEN, but totally void of large ZEN terminals. AMG silver grains were confined to presynaptic ZEN terminals against dendritic elements and somata of the Onuf's motor neurons. A majority of the ZEN terminals contained flattened synaptic vesicles and made symmetrical synaptic specializations.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2004

Height has become one of the most important factors to determine the pulmonary function test index, and there is a high correlation between them, so that they have been utilized for evaluating pulmonary function test predictive value or nomogram. Therefore, we have tried to find out that difference and if there is any correlation and linear relationship between height and forced expiratory flow curve. There were a total of 163 subjects, male 93 and female 70. This study was done at the Department of Pulmonary Function Test of Jeon-Ju Presbyterian Hospital and we measured the index at the forced expiratory flow curve of FVC, $FEV_{1.0}$, $FEV_{1.0}$/FVC, $FEF_{25-75%}$, and $FEF_{200-1200m{\ell}}$. When we subjected the group of height more than 160cm, there were gradual increments at FVC(p<0.001), $FEV_{1.0}$(p<0.001), $FEF_{25-75%}$(p<0.05) and $FEF_{200-1200m{\ell}}$(p<0.001), but no changes at $FEV_{1.0}$/FVC in terms of forced expiratory flow curve index. We have analyzed the relationship between height and forced expiratory flow curve, there was a close relationship at FVC(r=0.670, p<0.01), $FEV_{1.0}$(r=0.491, p<0.01), $FEF_{25-75%}$ (r=0.175, p<0.05) and $FEF_{200-1200m{\ell}}$(r=0.370, p<0.01) but there was reciprocal relationship at $FEV_{1.0}$/FVC(r=-0.215, p<0.01). We have tried simple regression analysis to see if height affects forced expiratory flow curve index as a sector, and the result was $FVC(\ell)=0.0642{\times}height(cm)-7.2978$(p<0.01, $R^2=0.449$), $FEV_{1.0}(\ell)=0.0407{\times}height(cm)-4.2774$ (p<0.01, $R^2=0.2411$), $FEV_{1.0}/FVC(%)=-0.2892{\times}height(cm)+121.44$(p<0.01, $R^2=0.0464$), $FEF_{25-75%}(\ell/sec)=0.0176{\times}height(cm)-0.7876$(p<0.05, $R^2=0.0237$), $FEF_{200-1200m{\ell}}(\ell/sec)=0.0967{\times}height(cm)-11.037$(p<0.01, $R^2=0.1214$) this was approved statistically. According to this study, if height is taller than average, forced expiratory flow curve index were increased, there was a close relationship between height and forced expiratory flow curve, and there was a linear relationship as sector between height and forced expiratory flow curve index. Therefore, researches that study other factors such as sex, age, weight, body surface area, and obesity indexes other than height should be done to see if there are any further relationships.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.28
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• pp.287-299
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• 1995

지금까지 국내 연구자들이 SCI 학술지에 발표한 의학논문의 수가 아주 미미하기 때문에 전 세계 학자들이 발표한 SCI 전체논문 중 한국논문이 차지하는 비중은 지극히 낮은 것으로 보인다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 1980년부터 1990년 사이에 국내에 있는 의학 관련기관의 연구자들이 SCI 학술지에 발표한 논문이 SCI 전체 논문 중 차지하는 비중(Percentage Contribution from Korea to SCI Database)을 47개 의학분야별로 조사하였다. 또한. 본 연구에서는 "국제적으로 영향력 있는 학술연구 활동실적(i.e., Mainstream Productivity)"이 타 분야보다 뛰어난 한국의 의학분야를 밝히기 위하여. SCI 학술지에 발표된 모든 한국 의학논문 중 한 분야의 논문이 자치하는 몫(Percentage Share)을 SCI 전체 논문 중 그 분야의 논문이 차지하는 몫으로 나누어 그 상대적 크기를 분석함으로써, 우리나라 학자들의 Mainstream Productivity Ratio(R)를 각 분야별로 측정하였다. (R=1은 SCI 의학 학술지에 발표된 모든 논문 중에서 어떤한 분야의 논문이 차지하는 비율만큼 한국에서도 그 분야의 논문이 SCI 학술지에 투고되었다는 의미이다.) 1980년에서 1990년 사이에 한국 학자들에 의하여 SCI에 발표된 의학논문이 SCI 전체 의학논문 중에서 차지하는 비율은 $0.051\%$였다. 각 의학 분야별로는, Biotechnology & applied microbiology의 기여도가 $0.8\%$를 차지하여 한국 최고를 기록하였다. 전 세계 문헌의 $1\%$ 이상을 생산한 의학 분야는 없었다. 전 세계 문헌의 $0.1\%$ 이상을 SCI 학술지에 게재한 의학분야는 47개 중 6개인데, 위에 언급한 Biotechnology & applied microbiology를 제외하면 $0.1\%$에서 $0.2\%$ 사이의 기여도를 보였다. 최다 편수의 논문을 낸 Pharmacology 8l Pharmacy$(0.075\%)$나 두 번째로 논문수가 많았던 Biochemisty & molecular biology$(0.054\%)$의 기여도는 $0.1\%$에 미치지 못하였다. 조사대상이 된 47개 의학분야 중 27개 분야에서 예상된 것보다 상대적으로 적은수(R<1)의 한국 논문이 SCI 학술지에 게재되었다. Mainstream Productivity Ratio가 3보다 큰 분야는 4개인데, 그 중 Biotechnology & applied microbiology는 R=15.63으로 아주 월등한 논문 발표실적을 올렸다. Dermatology & venereal diseases(3.02)와 Engineering, biomedical(3.75)도 국제적으로 영향력 있는 학술지에 논문 발표실적이 뛰어난 의학분야이다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.220-224
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• 2009

Toll-like receptors(TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors(PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) and regulate the activation of innate immunity. All TLR signaling pathways culminate in the activation of NF-${\kappa}$B, leading to the induction of inflammatory gene products such as COX-2. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine. Isoliquiritigenin(ILG), a simple chalcone-type flavonoid, is an active component present in licorice and has been used to treat many chronic diseases. However, the mechanism as to how ILG mediates health effects is still largely unknown. In the present report, we present biochemical evidence that ILG inhibits the NF-${\kappa}$B activation induced by TLR agonists and the overexpression of downstream signaling components of TLRs, MyD88, IKK${\beta}$, and p65. ILG also inhibits TLR agonists-induced COX-2 expression. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of ILG are caused by modulation of the immune responses regulated by TLR signaling pathways.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2009

Large-scaled information extraction plays an important role in advanced information retrieval as well as question answering and summarization. Information extraction can be defined as a process of converting unstructured documents into formalized, tabular information, which consists of named-entity recognition, terminology extraction, coreference resolution and relation extraction. Since all the elementary technologies have been studied independently so far, it is not trivial to integrate all the necessary processes of information extraction due to the diversity of their input/output formation approaches and operating environments. As a result, it is difficult to handle scientific documents to extract both named-entities and technical terms at once. In this study, we define scientific as a set of 10 types of named entities and technical terminologies in a biomedical domain. in order to automatically extract these entities from scientific documents at once, we develop a framework for scientific core entity extraction which embraces all the pivotal language processors, named-entity recognizer, co-reference resolver and terminology extractor. Each module of the integrated system has been evaluated with various corpus as well as KEEC 2009. The system will be utilized for various information service areas such as information retrieval, question-answering(Q&A), document indexing, dictionary construction, and so on.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 1998

This paper describes a development of efficient stress ECG signal analysis algorithm. The algorithm consists of wavelet adaptive filter(WAF), QRS detector and ST segment detector. The WAF consists of a wavelet transform and an adaptive filter. The wavelet transform decomposed the ECG signal into seven levels using wavelet function for each high frequency bank and low frequency bank. The adaptive filter used the signal of the seventh lowest frequency band among the wavelet transformed signals as primary input. For detection of QRS complex, we made summed signals that are composed of high frequency bands including frequency component of QRS complex and applied the adaptive threshold method changing the amplitude of threshold according to RR interval. For evaluation of the performance of the WAF, we used two baseline wandering elimination filters including a standard filter and a general adaptive filter. WAF showed a better performance than compared filters in the noise elimination characteristics and signal distortion. For evaluation of WAF showed a better performance than compared filters in the noise elimination characteristics and signal distortion. For evaluation of results of QRS complex detection, we compared our algorithm with existing algorithms using MIT/BIH database. Our algorithm using summed signals showed the accuracy of 99.67% and the higher performance of QRS detection than existing algorithms. Also, we used European ST-T database and patient data to evaluate measurement of the ST segment and could measure the ST segment adaptively according to change of heart rate.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2003

Various adult diseases (cerebral apoplexy, athymiait, etc.) result from hypertension, blood circulation disturbance and increment of HBP. In early diagnosis of these diseases, MRI, X-ray and PET have been used rather aim for treatment than for a prevention of disease. Since. cerebral apoplexy and athymiait could appear to the regular/irregular persons, it is very important to measure HBP which has connection with cerebral blood flow state. HBP has more diagnosis elements than that of BP. So, we can diagnose accurate hypertension by measuring of HBP. But, existing sphygmomanometers and automatic BP monitors can not measure HBP, and can not execute complex function(measuring of BP/HBP, blood flow improvement). Purpose of this paper is to develop a system and algorithm which can measure BP/HBP for accurate diagnosis. Also, we extracted diagnosis factors by correlativity analysis of BP/HBP. Maximum pressure of HBP corresponds to 62% that of BP, Minimum pressure of HBP corresponds to 46% that of BP. Therefore, we developed the multi-function automatic blood pressure monitor which can measure BP/HBP and improve cerebral blood flow state.