• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.459-474
• /
• 2012

Based on the general policy called "Green Growth", the Korean government planed to establish a biomass town in South Korea in order to recover energy from organic waste and to substitute for fossil fuel at rural region. Technical and financial support for the establishment of biomass town was insufficient so far. There are some policies to support biomass town establishment, however financial support from several Korean ministries seemed not to have been used efficiently. Some policies are planned excessively so that they cannot be realized on time. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the status of biomass utilization technology and policy in Japan from the point of view of an external biomass expert, since biomass utilization technology and policy of Japan take good achievement during the many developed countries. For the analyzing of technology and policy in Japan, literatures concerned biomass management policy and biomass town design were collected by visiting Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and interview of public officials in charge was carried out. There are several implications for the promotion of Korean policy concerned with biomass utilization and biomass town establishment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2009

In this paper checked up biomass which occurs in the Jeju as are classified as organic waste for integrated management system for review and circulation of resources. Biomass which occurs in the Jeju was the 10,818 tons of sludge, 61,284 tons of food-waste, 1,519,000 tons of livestock. Sludge is treated marine discharge, food-waste is treated regeneration and livestock is treated in the form of recycling. How to establish "System used by mechanism of recycling management on biomass resources" to introduce biomass town created by Hita-city, Oita-ken in Japan. Also there established a model system to building for recycling management of biomass and then checked up the economics. According to the report, it has the difference in facilities, but it will switch to a surplus in 4 years, therefore it was confirmed that the economy. To be considered priority most livestock in "System used by mechanism of recycling management on biomass resources" in Jeju. So it is introduced the urgent problem and the problem awaiting solution on treating livestock in this study.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.561-579
• /
• 2014

This research estimates the necessity of a better governance plan on the purpose of fulfillment energy recovery by building resource recycling system for biomass resources and waste resources that derive from agricultural and mountain village areas. The utilization of new renewable energy technology which uses waste and biomass sources diverse as variety of resources, collecting method, operator etc. and is structurally complicated the formation of policy is also very difficult. There is failure because of the problems which occurs from the policy led by government. Biomass Town Development Project should be made through the central government and the local government integrated support system and should be formed a consultative group in order to process the project mutually with these two department including the experts from the related areas. This consultative group, while government organizations carry out the hub function of strategic knowledge management, should carry out the control tower function to be able to be net working transfer the information with the cooperation of private and government so vitalize the communication area among the related actors. And to be able to increase the participation rate of the local people the consistent and various educations should be given so a smooth business promotion progress will be desired through the change of perception and coactive participation of people.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2014

Ordinary heterotrophic organism (OHO) active biomass plays key roles in biological wastewater treatment processes. However, due to the lack of measurement techniques, the OHO active biomass exists hypothetically within the design and simulation of biological wastewater treatment processes. This research was purposed to develop a quick and easy quantifying technique for the OHO active biomass applying a modified batch aerobic growth test. Two nitrification-denitrification activated sludge systems, with 10- and 20-day sludge ages, were operated to provide well-cultured mixed liquor to the batch tests. A steady state design model was firstly applied to quantify the "theoretical" OHO active biomass concentration of the two parent systems. The mixed liquor from the parent systems was then inoculated to a batch growth test and a batch digestion test to estimate the "measured" OHO active biomass concentration in the mixed liquor. The measured OHO active biomass concentrations with the batch growth test and the batch digestion test were compared to the theoretical concentrations of the parent system. The measured concentrations with the batch growth test were generally smaller than the theoretical concentrations. However, the measured concentrations with the batch aerobic digestion tests showed a good correlation to the theoretical concentrations. Thus, a different microbial growth condition (i.e., a higher food/biomass ratio) in the batch growth test, compared to the parent system or the batch digestion test, was found to cause underestimation of the OHO active biomass concentrations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 2004

The impact of slash and burning on microbial biomass C, N and P in soils of semi-evergreen tropical deciduous forest were studied from February 1999 to January 2000. The experimental sites were located near Moreh town in the Chandel district of Manipur state (India) along the Indo-Myanmar border between 23° 49' N-24°28'N latitude and 93°45'E-94°16'E longitude. Microbial biomass C ranged from 319.50 ㎍ g/sup -1/ 905.50㎍ g/sup -1/ in the slash and burnt site and from 209.50 ㎍ g/sup -1/ to 708.80 ㎍ g/sup -1/ soil in the forest site. Microbial N ranged from 19.30 ㎍ g/sup -1/ to 99.45 ㎍ g/sup -1/ in the slash and burnt site and from 16.08㎍ g/sup -1/ to 88.90 ㎍ g/sup -1/ in the forest site. Microbial P varied from 10.90 ㎍ g/sup -1/ to 32.21 ㎍ g/sup -1/ in the slash and burnt site and from 2.50 ㎍ g/sup -1/ to 17.60 ㎍ g/sup -1/ in the forest site in different months throughout the year. Microbial biomass C, N and P were recorded to be higher in the slash and burnt site compared to the forest site The conversion of forest into slash and burnt site for agriculture - the traditional shilling cultivation practiced by tribal people in the north- eastern India leads to addition of large amount of organic matter in the soil thereby exhibiting higher values of microbial biomass C, N and P in the recent slash and burnt site than that of the forest site. Relationship between the soil moisture, soil organic C and microbial biomass C, N and P were found to be correlated significantly in both the sites.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2011

This paper introduces about the study on the construction of zero energy villages in Korea using waste and biomass, and explains how to analyze the quantity of various resources from agriculture, livestock industry, forestry, and food waste with a village as a unit. Finally, three different scenarios for the construction of zero energy villages were suggested, based on the presumed amount of energy per each town.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.339-349
• /
• 2020

This study aims to identify participating resident awareness of the improvements to forest carbon cycle villages created by the Korea Forest Service by introducing a system for district heating basedon forest biomass in mountainous areas. Hwacheon Forest Carbon Circulation village was established in Paroho-neureup village in Yuchon-ri, Hwacheon-gun between 2011 and 2013. However, its operation has not been smooth due to the increasing number of households rapidly leaving the district heating system. This study surveyed 76 households that participated in the district heating system using forest biomass in the early stages of the project. This includes households participating in the district heating system(participating households) and households not currently participating in the district heating system(withdrawal households) from September 2019. Surveys focused on the process of participating in forest carbon cycle village projects, and satisfaction in local heating and policy requirements. Of the 67 households, excepting those not allowed to participate in the survey due to death or having moved elsewhere, 36 households participated and 31 households the were in the process of leaving the village were also included. As a result, there was a significant difference between participating and exiting households in the motivation and satisfaction level of district heating. The results of this study are expects to reflect the importance of awareness of residents in the operation of the forest carbon cycle village. This will be utilized as an important dataset for improvement as a means to promote the re-entry if outgoing households. It will also help set the direction of the forest town revitalization project, utilizing forest biomass in the future.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.6 s.89
• /
• pp.457-461
• /
• 2004

DO-stat fed-batch cultures of Agaricus blazei were carried out using various feeding solutions, for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS). It was observed to be more effective to use a feeding solution containing both carbon and nitrogen sources than that containing only carbon source. The best result was obtained when a feeding solution containing 450 g/l glucose, 60 g/l yeast extract, 30 g/l soytone peptone was used. The maxium mycelial biomass and EPS concentrations were 36.5 g/l and 10.9 g/l, respectively, at 100 hours of cultivation. The mycelial and EPS productivities were 0.37 g/l-h and 0.11 g/l-h, respectively. As compared with the batch culture, the mycelial biomass concentration and its productivity were 6.0- and 2.2-folds increased, respectively. The EPS concentration and its productivity were increased by 4.7 times and 1.8 times, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.197-205
• /
• 2004

Batch test methods have developed for a long time to measure kinetic and stoichiometric parameters which are required to perform steady state design and mathematical modelling of activated sludge processes. However, at various So/Xo ratios, abnormal behaviors of ordinary heterotrophic organism in batch tests have been reported in many researches. Thus, in this research, abnormal behaviors of heterotrophs in batch tests were investigated at various So/Xo conditions by measuring and interpreting oxygen utilization rate. As So/Xo ratio increased, the calculated values of maximum specific growth rates, ${\mu}_{H,max}$ and $K_{MP,max}$, increased. However, at a certain point of So/Xo (around 10mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), ${\mu}_{H,max}$ and $K_{MP,max}$ values started to decrease. According to this observation, three prominent behaviours of heterotrophs were identified at various So/Xo conditions. (1) At low So/Xo region (below 5 mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), the oxygen utilization rate of heterotrophs in batch tests were almost stable and consequently yielded lower maximum specific growth rate. (2) At high So/Xo region (up to 5~10 mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), oxygen utilization rate incresed sharply with time and indicated more upward curvature than the predicted OUR with conventional activated sludge model, which consists of single hetetrotrophs group. Thus, in this region, competition model of two organisms, fast-grower and slow-grower, seemed to be appropriate. (3) At extremely high So/Xo region (over 10mgCOD/mgMLAVSS), significant oxygen utilization rate was still observed even after depletion of readily biodegradable COD. This might be caused by retarded utilization of intermediates which were generated by self inhibition mechanism in the process of RBCOD uptake.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.536-543
• /
• 2017

This study developed a new methodology to evaluate the carbon storage using a Mobile Mapping System according to the life cycle of street trees. The system for calculating the carbon storage of a roadside tree using the MMS developed in this study consisted of a database, memory, processor, user interface, and communication module. The carbon storage was calculated for 261 trees in the Cheonan-Asan New Town (distance: 2.1 km, area: $283,698m^2$). The average biomass and carbon storage of Metasequoia glyptostroboides were highest at 34.5 kg and 17.3 kg C and Chionanthus retusa were lowest at 19.5 kg and 9.8 kg C, respectively. The total biomass and total carbon storage of Ginkgo biloba were highest at 5028.8 kg and 17.3 kg C and Chionanthus retusa were lowest at 780.7 kg and 390.3 kg C, respectively. Based on the roadside tree database, the amount of carbon storage in a given area was converted to Google format and visualized in 3D by GIS analysis.