• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.8-15
• /
• 1989

After administration of $^{99m}TC,\;^{67}Ga,\;^{131}I,\;^{32}P\;and\;^{238}U(UO_2(NO_2)_3{\cdot}6H_2O)$, in male rats, toxic effects were examined by determining the biological materials in blood. Dosages of radio-nuclides injected are based on the amounts routinely administered to patients, and concentrations of BUN, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and $PGE_2$ in plasma are determinated as indices to the biochemical response. No increase of creatinine was observed after injection of $^{99m}TC$. Concentrations of BUN, SGOT and $PGE_2$ were not significantly increased in comparison with before-administration. Administration of $^{67}Ga,\;^{131}I\;and\;^{32}P$, did not significantly change BUN, SGPT and SGOT, but largely increased $PGE_2$ than control levels. Besides, $^{238}U$ Showed the most severe toxicity. From the above results, we suggest that the determination of $PGE_2$ in plasma can be used as an index in case of elvaluating the effects of radiation toxicity by nuclides used in nuclear medicine.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.353-361
• /
• 2016

This study was to demonstrate the anti-inflammation effect using extracts derived from fusion-fermentation to add the function of Araliae Continentalis Radix (fACR). Since there are limitations to the use of ACR, available strains were selected through fermentation using lactobacillus strains, and the increases in total amount of polyphenols and amino acids was confirmed through comparison with Hot Water Extract of ACR. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the fACR was measure cytokine inflammation associated with arthritis, the arthritis when cartilage destruction is accompanied mainly MMP-9 activity was confirmed to evaluate the inhibition effect. These results show that fermentation using lactobacillus increases major biological activities and inflammatory response-restraining effects of ACR. This study is expected to be a basis for studying the preventive effect of fACR on arthritis.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.99-126
• /
• 2013

Amynthas diffringens (Baird, 1869) is deemed valid yet comparable to A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and to A. nipponicus (Beddard, 1893) or A. peregrinus (Fletcher, 1896). Its syntypes tend to more genital markings than usual as shown for variable specimens from Japan, Korea, and Australasia that comply genetically with either of two A. corticis spp. groups. A. diffringens type-locality was UK hothouses yet closest specimens appear in part of A. heteropodus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) (=A. corticis) from Japan. Japanese Amynthas divergens (Michaelsen, 1892) is restored based on its serrate intestinal caeca. Meanwhile, the lectotype of Amynthas pingi (Stephenson, 1925) is deemed a synonym of A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) compliant with Kobayashi's (1936) types III & II. Erstwhile A. pingi synonym A. fornicatus (Gates, 1925) is again included, but A. hongkongensis (Michaelsen, 1910) and A. chungkingensis (Chen, 1936) are provisionally retained whilst A. carnosa lichuanensis Wang & Qiu, 2005 is given separate species status. A new Korean taxon is proposed as A. carnosus naribunji sub-sp. nov. and two replacement names are provided: A. zhuya nom. nov. for homonym A. montanus Qiu & Sun, 2012 from Hainan and A. yizhou for A. carnosus sensu Shen et al., 2005 from Taiwan. No attempt is made to fully resolve numerous Japanese synonyms of A. carnosus [eg Ishizuka's (2001) invista, subterranea, subalpina, umbrosa, mutabilis, nubicola, plus A. nonmonticolus Blakemore, 2010] nor Korean synonyms [eg kyamikia Kobayashi, 1934, monstrifera Kobayashi, 1936 and murayamai Kobayashi, 1938, sangyeoli, youngtai (with segments miscounted), kimhaeiensis, sinsiensis and baemsagolensis - all names by Hong & James (2001) plus ?A. sangumburi Hong & Kim, 2002 (its segments miscounted too)] also A. fuscus Qiu & Sun, 2012 from Hainan and Taiwanese monsoonus James et al., 2005 plus A. penpuensis Shen et al., 2003 and A. taiwumontis Shen et al., 2013 syns. nov.. All synonyms remain in the currently defined A. carnosus pending full revisons although several may eventually comply with parts of prior A. corticis s. lato.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.251-262
• /
• 1980

Two Neanurid species of Collembola, Lobella minuta n. sp., and Morulina triverrucosa Tanaka, 1978 were identified from collections of South-Western part of Korea. They were, in addition, confirmed to be genera of new record to the country. From their common structure of simple mouth parts it was postulated that they may have both hypertrophy and polytene development of salivary glands in the light of early evidences by Cassagnau. These assumptions were tested for the above two Korean species using cytological and histological techniques. The results of the investigations have proved to be positive for the postulations, thus supporting hypothetical correlations of simple mouth parts with polytene development, irrespective of taxa, not limited to Neanurini as indicated in early works. However the structurization of the polytene chromosomes was shown of different extent between the two, i.e., in Lobella minuta, clearly more differentiated than in Morulina triverrucosa in spite of the strong similarity of mouth parts, which are to be seen as a distinct convergence from two tribes, Neanurini and Morulini. It remains to be studied consequently to know whether there as any factor other than mouth part structure affecting polytene development and also if the parallelism among a few different taxa of mouth parts would be the case with polytene development of salivary glands either.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2011

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most infectious diseases affecting cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus with multiple subtypes within each serotype have been identified until now. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the outbreak of the serotype Asia1 reported from China, Mongolia and North Korea since 2005 is mostly classified into genetic group V. Though it has been recommended that Asia1 Shamir strain can be used as a high priority vaccine by World References Laboratory for FMD, the complete nucleotide sequences of the strain has not yet been determined. In this study, to be prepared for Asia1 type viruses that may be brought into Korea, the complete genome sequence of this vaccine strain Asia1 Shamir including its 5' and 3' non-coding region was identified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.605-612
• /
• 2016

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) employ a process of biological treatment that is based on a membrane that has the advantages of producing high-quality treated water and possessing a compact footprint. However, despite these advantages, the occurrence of "fouling" during the operation of these reactors causes the difficulty of maintenance. Hence, in this study, three physical cleaning methods, namely, backwashing, air scrubbing, and mechanical cleaning ball was performed to identify optimum operating conditions through laboratory scale experiments, and apply them in a pilot plant. Further, the existing MBR process was compared with these methods, and the field applicability of a combination of these physical cleaning methods was investigated. Consequently, MCB, direct control of cake fouling on the membrane surface was found to be the most effective. Moreover, as a result of operating with combination of the physical cleaning process in a pilot plant, the TMP increasing rate was found to be - 0.00007 MPa/day, which was 185% higher than that obtained using the existing MBR process. Therefore, assuming fouling only by cake filtration, about one year of operation without chemical cleaning is considered to be feasible through the optimization of the physical cleaning methods.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2004

Body movement is one of the important factors in sleep analysis. In this study, a thermopile detector with four channels was implemented as a non-contacting detector of body movement in sleep. Using a thermopile mathematical model and several frames of thermal images, the possibility of detecting body movement was evaluated. Instant body movement signals were evaluated for the upper, lower, and entire body using the Haar wavelet. This decomposition shows the points in time when the upper-body or lower-body movement occurred and the level of body movement. Additionally, partial body movement was decomposed in head-only, whole body, and leg-only movement using the ANFIS algorithm. Finally, three subject's data were evaluated for 60 minutes, and the detection rates of instant and partial body movement, on average, were 96.3％ and 89.2％, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1574-1582
• /
• 2014

Bacteria recognize changes in their population density by sensing the concentration of signal molecules, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). AHL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) plays a key role in biofilm formation, so the interference of QS, referred to as quorum quenching (QQ), has received a great deal of attention. A QQ strategy can be applied to membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for advanced wastewater treatment to control biofouling. To isolate QQ bacteria that can inhibit biofilm formation, we isolated diverse AHL-degrading bacteria from a laboratory-scale MBR and sludge from real wastewater treatment plants. A total of 225 AHL-degrading bacteria were isolated from the sludge sample by enrichment culture. Afipia sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Streptococcus sp. strains produced the intracellular QQ enzyme, whereas Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. produced the extracellular QQ enzyme. In case of Microbacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., AHL-degrading activities were detected in the whole-cell assay and Rhodococcus sp. showed AHL-degrading activity in cell-free lysate as well. There has been no report for AHL-degrading capability in the case of Streptococcus sp. and Afipia sp. strains. Finally, inhibition of biofilm formation by isolated QQ bacteria or enzymes was observed on glass slides and 96-well microtiter plates using crystal violet staining. QQ strains or enzymes not only inhibited initial biofilm development but also reduced established biofilms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.306-315
• /
• 2017

Metabolic engineering with a high-yielding mutant, A. terreus AN37, was performed to enhance the production of itaconic acid (IA). Reportedly, the gene cluster for IA biosynthesis is composed of four genes: reg (regulator), mtt (mitochondrial transporter), cad (cis-aconitate decarboxylase), and mfs (membrane transporter). By overexpressing each gene of the IA gene cluster in A. terreus AN37 transformed by the restriction enzyme-mediated integration method, several transformants showing high productivity of IA were successfully obtained. One of the AN37/cad transformants could produce a very high amount of IA (75 g/l) in shake-flask cultivations, showing an average of 5% higher IA titer compared with the high-yielding control strain. Notably, in the case of the mfs transformants, a maximal increase of 18.3% in IA production was observed relative to the control strain under the identical fermentation conditions. Meanwhile, the overexpression of reg and mtt genes showed no significant improvements in IA production. In summary, the overexpressed cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CAD) and putative membrane transporter (MFS) appeared to have positive influences on the enhanced IA productivity of the respective transformant. The maximal increases of 13.6~18.3% in IA productivity of the transformed strains should be noted, since the parallel mother strain used in this study is indeed a very high-performance mutant that has been obtained through intensive rational screening programs in our laboratory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.62-62
• /
• 2003

The native form of serpin (serine protease inhibitor) is kinetically trapped in metastable state. Metastability in these proteins is critical to their biological function. Serpins inhibit target proteases by forming a stable covalent complex in which the cleaved reactive site loop of the serpin is inserted into $\beta$-sheet A of the serpin with concomitant translocation of the protease to the opposite of the initial binding site. Despite recent determination of the crystal structures of a Michaelis protease-serpin complex as well as a stable covalent complex, details on the kinetic mechanism remain unsolved. In this study we constructed several $\alpha$$_1$-antitrypsin variants and examined their kinetic mechanism of loop translocation and formation of protease-serpin complex by stopped-flow experiments of fluorescence resonance energy transfer as well as quenched-flow experiment. We report here the relationship of serpin's conformational switch mechanism with Inhibitory activity. There is little direct correlation between loop insertion rate and inhibitory activity. Rather, disrupting a salt bridge between R196 and E354 accelerates loop translocation even though it impairs the inhibitory activity. Moreover, the serpin's reactive site loop is translocated, at least partially, prior to loop cleavage.