• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.883-887
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• 2015

This study investigated the quality of seven commercial salted and fermented sand lance Ammodytes personatus sauces by measuring their chemical compositions, bacteria concentrations, and biogenic amine contents. The sauces had a 63.97-67.32% (mean: 65.72%) moisture content, 23.16-24.03% (mean: 23.60%) salinity, 5.51-6.14 (mean: 5.81) pH, 164.76-217.98 mg/100 g (mean: 182.97 mg/100 g) volatile basic nitrogen, 0.94-1.42% (mean: 1.24%) total nitrogen, and 673.77-791.86 mg/100 g (mean: 720.76 mg/100 g) amino nitrogen content. Viable cell counts ranged from $1.2{\times}10^1$ to $2.9{\times}10^2CFU/mL$, and number of biogenic amine-forming bacteria was very low or not detected. Overall, the tested samples had average levels of histamine of 301.02 mg/kg, cadaverine of 29.78 mg/kg, tyramine of 199.21 mg/kg, putrescine of 183.00 mg/kg, and tyramine of 13.01 mg/kg. This strongly suggests that it is necessary to monitor the biogenic amine contents of commercial salted and fermented sand lance sauces carefully to ensure consumer health.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.993-999
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• 1998

어육의 화학적 선도지표로는 사후의 경과 시간에 따라 $K_i$값과 biogenic amines, trimethylamine (TMA), 휘발성 염기질소(VBN) 등의 함량이 이용되고 있다. 이 중 $K_i$값은 초기 선도지표로 활용가능하며 신뢰성이 우수하여 어육 등의 선도측정에 간편하게 사용할 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 2종의 냉장 및 냉동어육에 대하여 $K_i$값과 biogenic amines, TMA 및 VBN 함량을 측정하였다. 대개의 시료에서 $K_i$값은 $7.8{\sim}43.6%$범위에 있었으며, 오징어, 굴, 대구, 수조기, 우럭은 $K_i$값이 높은 어종으로 나타났다. 한편 putrescine 등의 biogenic amines은 시료 중에서 검출되지 않았고, TMA 함량과 휘발성 염기질소 함량 사이에는 양의 상관관계(r=0.894)가 인정되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.168-170
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• 2005

The myeolchi-jeot samples were divided into different groups with or without the supplementation with biogenic amines. Subsequently, the samples were placed in an oven at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr to allow the chemical reaction to proceed, and then were analyzed for N-nitrosamine contents using GC-TEA. N-nitrosamine was not detected in any of the myeolchi-jeot samples which had been treated with/without sodium nitrite. On the other hand, the yield of N-nitrosopyrrolidine from 1,000 mg/kg of putrescine and spermidine in the myeolchi-jeot samples (treated with 5 mg/kg of sodium nitrite) was 0.002 and 0.014%, respectively. N-nitrosamine was not produced from any other biogenic amines like, histamine, tyramine, cadaverine and spermine. In addition, curing and heating were the factors which influenced the formation of N-nitrosamine during the nitrosation of biogenic polyamines. For the formation of N-nitrosamine in the food systems, treatment with sodium nitrite and heating at appropriate temperature along with the satisfied supplementation of biogenic polyamines are required.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.593-599
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• 1999

Biogenic amine류는 어육의 부패과정 중 생성되는 성분으로 이를 간편하게 측정하기 위하여 diamine oxidase를 amino기가 관능기인 다공질의 Chitopearl beads에 고정화한 후 이를 충진한 효소 reactor를 제조하였다. 고정화 효소 reactor를 이용한 biogenic amine 연속계측 시스템을 사용하여 putrescine 기질에 대해 15.0 mM까지 검량곡선을 얻을 수 있었다. 이 때, biogenic amine 센서의 최대 감응도는 $35^{\circ}C$, 0.05 M 인산 완충용액(pH 7.2)을 사용한 경우 얻을 수 있었다. Biogenic amine 센서로 측정 시 방해물질로 작용할 수 있는 성분을 조사한 결과, ATP분해산물 및 TMA 등에는 거의 영향을 받지 않아 측정에 무리가 없음을 보여주었고, 0.8%까지의 식염에 대해서는 감응도가 19.2%이하로 감소하였으며 alanine과 glycine을 제외한 아미노산에 대하여 9.8% 이하의 감응도 상승을 나타내었다. 염류 및 아미노산에 의한 감응도 감소 및 증가 현상은 시료를 0.4 M perchloric acid에 의해 전처리하면 해결할 수 있었다. 여러 종류의 polyamines가 공존하는 경우 putrescine 기준으로 하여 putrescine 검량곡선의 26.7% 범위내에서 polyamines의 측정이 가능하였다. Diamine oxidase가 고정화된 Chitopearl 효소 reactor를 이용하는 경우 biogenic amines의 함량 유무를 30분 이내에 측정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1998

Three cores were taken from the northwest Pacific Ocean (Shikoku Basin) to determine the accumulation rates of both biogenic and terrigeneous fractions since the last penultimate interglacial period. The sediment is characterized by large amounts of terrigenous materials with low biogenic fractions and intermittent volcanic-ash layers, suggesting a hemipelagic origin. Composition of major elements shows no significant differences among sites. Relatively small variation of TiO$_2$/Al$_2$O$_3$ ratios with respect to SiO$_2$ content is the strong evidence for the common origin of terrigenous materials. The fraction of biogenic carbonates varies from near 0% in ash layers to about 35%, with a gradual increase toward the south (St. 4 through St. 6 to St. 20). However, carbonate contents show step-wise increasing tendency from St. 4 through St. 6 to St. 20, which suggests a southward increase of carbonate production. The color reflectance indicates that the sediment of the southern sites contains relatively higher amounts of biogenic carbonates. The mass accumulation rate of terrigenous fractions during the glacial period was 2-3 times higher than that of interglacial period. This enhanced mass accumulation rate of terrigenous materials was concomitant with the high accumulation rate of biogenic fractions. The total sediment accumulation rate is considered as the most important factor controlling mass accumulation rates of the biogenic and terrigenous materials. The enhanced sediment accumulation during the glacial periods is interpreted as a consequence of climate-induced change in the supply of eolian dust from the Asian continent. Enhanced wind strength during the glacial time may have increased transportation of terrigenous materials to the ocean. Thus, variation of sediment accumulation is highly linked with climatic variations.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.423-438
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• 2008

BEIS2 (Biogenic Emissions Inventory System version 2) and BEIS3.12 (BEIS version 3.12) were used to estimate hourly biogenic emissions over South Korea using a set of vegetation and meteorological data simulated with the MM5 (Mesoscale Model version 5). Two biogenic emission models utilized different emission factors and showed different responses to solar radiations, resulting in about $10{\sim}20%$ difference in the nationwide isoprene emission estimates. Among the 11-vegetation classes, it was found that mixed forest and deciduous forest are the most important vegetation classes producing isoprene emissions over South Korea comprising ${\sim}90%$ of the total. The simulated isoprene concentrations over Seoul metropolitan area show that diurnal and daily variations match relatively well with the PAMS (Photochemical Air Monitoring Station) measurements during the period of June 3${\sim}$June 10, 2004. Compared to BEIS2, BEIS3.12 yielded ${\sim}35%$ higher isoprene concentrations during daytime and presented better matches to the high peaks observed over the Seoul area. This study showed that the importance of vegetation data and emission factors to estimate biogenic emissions. Thus, it is expected to improve domestic vegetation categories and emission factors in order to better represent biogenic emissions over South Korea.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2002

그늘쑥(Artemisia sylvatica Max.)으로부터 분리된 sesquiterpene lactone계 화합물들의 구조적인 특성과 FPTase 저해활성을 나타내는 dehydromatricarin A, B 분자들 사이 biogenic Diels-Alder 반응의 경계분자 궤도함수 (FMO)상호작용에 대한 배향성을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 주 생성물이 얻어지는 반응은 B1(diene)의 HOMO와 A16(dienophile)의 LUMO간 hard-hard한 charge-control 반응이었다. 그리고 AO계수 분극간의 상호작용에 따른 배향성은 분리된 8-acetylarteminolide와 artanomaloide들이 모두 biogenic Diels-Alder 반응의 부 생성물들임을 시사하였다. 또한, 8-acetyl-arteminolide의 FPTase 저해활성($pI_{50}=3.75$ 및 logP=2.62)은 큰 반면에 artanomaloide 및 dehydromatricarin은 작았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.470-477
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• 2011

This study reviewed the effect of the drying conditions on the production of biogenic amines and lipid oxidation in semi-dried Pacific saury Cololabis saira or Guamegi. The moisture content of the Guamegi ranged from $32.71{\pm}2.37$ to $45.9{\pm}2.60$ g/100 g. The respective ranges of the acid value (AV) and peroxide value (POV) were $1.39{\pm}0.40$ to $15.79{\pm}0.47$ mg KOH/g and $76.14{\pm}2.19$ to $282.84{\pm}2.34$ meq/kg on drying for 3 days. The AV and POV increased for up to 3 days of drying and the values differed according to the amount of sunlight and temperature. However, lipid oxidation was reduced in Guamegi manufactured using a cold-air drying method. The fatty acid composition and the biogenic amine content in Guamegi during drying did not differ significantly with the drying method or drying date. The main saturated, monoene and polyene fatty acids were palmitic acid, eicosenoic & erucic acids, and eicosapentaenoic & docosahexaenoic acids, respectively. At 16.67 to 71.89 mg/kg, the histamine content was higher than that of other biogenic amines and it increased significantly during drying. In conclusion, this study showed that the packaging and drying conditions of Guamegi products need to be improved to inhibit lipid oxidation and biogenic amine formation.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.835-840
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• 2021

This study was conducted to understand the quality characteristics of 89 types of commercial salt-fermented fishery products by measuring their physiochemical compositions and biogenic amine contents. All samples had the following measurements; 41.59-89.20 g/100 g of moisture, 1.71-25.70 g/100 g of salinity, 3.21-7.05 of pH, 0.80-2.93 g/100 g of total nitrogen, 87.02-1,296.78 mg/100 g of amino nitrogen, and 7.30-926.34 mg/100 g of volatile basic nitrogen. The physicochemical components differed extensively between samples from different raw materials, including, fish, shellfish, and others. Histamine (0 to 1,072.2 mg/kg), putrescine (0 to 2,536.4 mg/kg), cadaverine (0 to 545.2 mg/kg of cadaverine), tryptamine (0 to 1,287.9 mg/kg), and tyramine (11.3 to 563.3 mg/kg) were the major biogenic amines detected in the samples. These findings suggest that salt-fermented fishery products meet the domestic criteria but have different ingredient compositions and most had high biogenic amine contents. The results suggest that it is necessary to establish criteria for evaluating the quality characteristics using the ingredient composition and biogenic amine contents of commercial salt-fermented fishery products.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.187-191
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내산 숙성치즈의 바이오제닉 아민 함량 분석을 위한 기초연구로 HPLC 분석법을 이용한 숙성치즈의 바이오제닉 아민 함량 분석법을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 바이오제닉 아민의 종류는 Histamine dihydrochloride, Tyramine hydrochloride, ${\beta}$-phenylethylamine hydrochloride, Putrescine dihydrochloride, Cadaverine, Spermidine, Tryptamine hydrochloride, Ethanolamine hydrochloride 및 Butylamine로 총 9종이었으며, 분석항목은 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계 및 회수율을 측정하였다. 각각의 바이오제닉 아민의 직선성은 모두 r = 0.99 이상으로 측정되어 양호하게 분석되었고, 검출한계는 각각 3.7, 3.4, 3.4, 4.0, 3.4, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1 및 3.4 ppm, 정량한계는 11.3, 10.4, 10.3, 12.2, 10.4, 10.5, 10.7, 12.5 및 10.4 ppm으로 나타났으며, 회수율은 112, 104, 93, 108, 91, 102, 101 및 92%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 바이오제닉 아민 9종에 대한 직선성, 검출한계, 정량한계 및 회수율을 측정한 결과, 모두 만족스러운 결과를 나타냈으며, 숙성치즈의 바이오제닉 아민에 대한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.