• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.665-674
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• 2015

본 연구의 최종 목표는 실내의 공간과 식물바이오필터의 규모에 따라 실내공기 오염물질을 정화할 수 있는 식물 녹화와 자동관수 그리고 생물학적 여과 기능을 통합한 식물바이오필터 시스템의 개발이다. 본 실험에 사용된 식물 바이오 필터는 실내공간을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 물펌프, 물탱크, 송풍기, 가습장치, 그리고 다층 구조의 식물 식재 공간을 일체형으로 설계하였다. 본 연구는 인공적인 실내 공기 오염원을 발생시키지 않은 상태에서 바이오필터 부근의 공간과 바이오필터와 멀리 떨어진 공간(무처리구)의 실내 공기질을 비교하고, 바이오필터 내다층 구조의 식재층에 따른 식물의 생육을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 바이오필터 처리 공간 내 휘발성 유기 화합물(TVOCs), 일산화탄소, 이산화탄소와 같은 실내 공기 오염물질의 농도는 무처리구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 또한 바이오필터 내 식재된 층에 관계없이 Dracaena sanderiana ‘Vitoria’와 Epipremnum aureum ‘N Joy’는 정상적으로 생육하였다. 따라서 실내식물을 식재할 수 있는 본 벽면형 식물바이오필터는 실내 공기 정화에도 효과가 있는 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

실제 규모(pilot-scale)의 바이오필터 시스템에 대한 연구가 진행되었으며, 각기 다른 운영 여건하에서 두번에 걸친 바이오필터 테스트가 행하여졌다. 첫 번째 실험은 페인트 부스에서 발생하는 휘발성유기화합물질 처리에 맞추어져 행하여졌다. 바이오필터의 미디어 자체 부피는 4.3 $m^3$이다. 첫 번째 실험에서는 바이오필터를 30일 동 안 운영하였는데, VOC제거효율이 99.9%에 이르렀다. 바이오필터 미디어 내부의 각 단계(stage)에서 측정한 온 도의 범위는 $34^{\circ}C$-$73^{\circ}C$였다. 미디어 각 단계에서 측정된 온도는 실험 초기에는 급격히 상승하였고 이후에 점차 로 낮아짐이 관찰되었다. 두 번째 실험에서는 바이오필터를 14일간 운영하였는데, 반응기가 실외에 설치되었고 실험이 겨울에 행해짐에 따라 바이오필터의 온도 조절이 필요하였다. 7 cm 두께의 단열재와 $150^{\circ}C$의 스팀이 온 도조절을 위해 이용되었다. 본 연구에서, 겨울철 바이오필터 운영상에 발생할 수 있는 온도조절 문제에 대하여 단열재와 스팀이 훌륭한 대안이 될 수 있음을 보였다. 미디어 내부의 온도는 단계 5(stage # 5)에서 가장 높았 으며, 단계 1(stage # 1)에서 가장 낮았다. 두 차례에 걸친 실험에서, 실제 규모(pilot-scale)의 바이오필터 내부의 높이 위치별, 단계별 온도변화에 대한 밀도있는 연구가 이루어졌다. 하중이 바이오필터의 운영에 미치는 영향이 본 실험들을 통해 관찰되어졌고, 바이오필터에 대한 최대 하중 결정 과정에는 추가적인 적응시간 및 실험기간이 요구되었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.394-397
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• 2000

Styrene을 제거하기 위한 biofilter가 연구되었다. 운전 초기에 활성슬러지를 접종함으로써 start-up 기간을 24시간으로 줄일 수 있었다. 운전중 질소원 고갈 현상이 발생하였고 첨가된 ammonium sulfate양에 따라 제거된 styrene의 양을 정량적으로 구하여 이것을 biofilter의 장기운전에 이용할 수 있었다. Styrene의 maximum elimination $capacity(EC_{max})$와 critical elimination $capacity(EC_{cr})$는 각각 4.8kg $C\;/m^3{cdot}day$, 1.248kg $C\;/m^3{cdot}day$이었으며 styrene 농도 400ppmv까지를 분해하는데 EBRT 1min으로 제거율 95% 이상을 달성할 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

Absorbent Biofilter Systems (ABS), composed of an anaerobic septic tank, a pump chamber and an absorbent biofilter tank, have been found to economically provide rural on-site wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to assess the potential of ABS effluent as an alternative water resource for agricultural and environmental use, with respect to the removal of pathogenic microorganism and their fertilization effect. A pilot scale ABS was used to compare its removal efficiency of pathogens from effluent water. Overall, more than 95 percent of Salmonella and E. coli were removed. This result demonstrates that a significant reduction in the pathogenic microorganism of effluents can occur in ABS, which implies the feasibility for the use of ABS effluent in agriculture and environment, with the provision of a further simple disinfection step, in order to satisfy the WHO guidelines for the microbiological quality in agriculture. In addition, because of the abundant nutritional content of ABS effluent, the substitution effect of fertilizer (N, P and K) in paddy irrigation, i.e. 2/3 for nitrogen, l/3 for phosphorus and 1/5 for potassium would be expected. Based on the experimental data, the ABS effluent could be used as a new alternative water resource for paddy irrigation, as well as for environmental purposes, such as supplying water to ecological parks in rural villages.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.675-681
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• 2013

There have been many studies on biofilter process regarding satisfactory water quality and the operational conditions of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). For effective nitrification processes, it is necessary to dynamically identify and apply nitrifying microorganisms. Physical, chemical and biological processes concerning biofilms can be applied and influential factors including substrate, dissolved oxygen concentrations, organic matter, temperature, pH, alkalinity, salinity and mixing velocity intensity need to be considered. Also, designing and managing the process based on the dynamic interpretation of these factors are prerequisites for engineering applications of the biofilter process. This paper draws on current literature on the kinetics of nitrification of biofilms in the biofilter process. Influential factors for nitrification are crucial during the biofilter process and are expected to be critical in informing the design and operation of recirculating aquaculture systems.

• ALGAE
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2002

A seaweed biofilter/production system of being developed to reduce the environmental impact of marine fish farm effluent in coastal ecosystems as a part of an integrated aquaculture system. Several known seaweed taxa and their cultivars have been considered as candidate biofilter organisms based on their species-specific physiological properties such as nutrient uptake kinetics and their economic value. Porphyra is an excellent cadidate and shows efficient nutrient extraction properties. Rates of ammonium uptake were maintained at around 3 ${\mu}moles{\cdot}g{\cdot}dw^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ at 150 ${\mu}M$ inorganic nitrogen at $10^{\circ}C$. Ulva is another possible biofilter candidate with an uptake rate of 1.9 ${\mu}moles{\cdot}g{\cdot}dw^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ under same conditions. A simple uptake/growth and harvest model was applied to estimate the efficiency of the biofilter/production system. The model was deterministic and used a compartment model structure based on difference equations. The efficiency of Porpyra filter was estimated over 17% of ${NH_4}^+$ removal from the contimuous supply of 100 ${\mu}mole{\cdot}l^{-1}\;{NH_4}^+\;at\;100l{\cdot}sec^{-1}$ flow rate.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.347-350
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• 2002

The petrochemical products can cause soil and groundwater contamination during their transportation and the use of the products, and while being contained in underground storage tanks(USTs) throughout the leakage. To treat the contaminated soil, the bioventing method is suitable for the remediation of semi-volatile compounds, such as diesel and kerosene. Biofiltration is one of possible method to treat the off-gas produced in the process of the bioventing. This study is related to the usage, effectiveness of treatment, and feasibility of two types of biofilter system made of ceramic-compost and polymer respectively to treat diesel VOCs at constant retention time of 20 sec. Compost biofilter showed the average removal efficiency of 73 % when the inlet concentration increased to 20 ppmv. Increased the inlet concentration decreased the microbial activities as well as the removal efficiency. On the contrary, the removal efficiency of the polyurethane biofilter was maintained at 88 % at the inlet concentration of 13 ppmv during ten days and was obtained to 80 % at the inlet concentration of 30 ppmv in spite of the drop of the efficiency in the sudden increase of the inlet concentration. At the beginning of the experiment it showed low removal efficiency at low inlet concentration due to the low microbial activity, however, as experiments proceed the removal efficiency could be obtained more than 80% at high inlet concentration.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

Dairy manure amended with crop and forest residues (moisture 69% wet basis, C/N 22) was composted in a 605 L pilot-scale vessel using continuous air flow (56 L/min) for 19 days. Three pilot-scale sawdust biofilters (moisture 63%, pH 5.0) were built to clean biological waste gas from the composting process. For each methods, two replicated experiments were monitored over a period of three weeks. The system was evaluated to determine the biofilter media depth that would be adequate for compost odour reduction. The compost air cleaning was measured based on ammonia gas concentration before and after passing through the biofilter. Ammonia gas removal efficiency over 3 weeks was 42, 75 and 87% at sawdust biofilter media depth levels of 202, 400 and 600 mm, respectively. Each sawdust biofilter was operated at a moisture content in the range of 60~62% (wb), a temperature from 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, an average pressure drop from 240 to 340 Pa and a detention time from 60 to 180 seconds during the biofiltration process.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 1993

The purpose of this experimental research was focused to improve the quality of the effluent and the yielded sludge when the papermill wastewater was treated by the indirect aerated submerged biofilter as a second treatment method of papermill wastewater. Changing the various experimental factors (Nutrient additions or not, HRT, Fh ratio, recirculation ratio, etc) with indirect aerated submerged biofilter, the results are as follows. 1) because of the microbes concentration could be sustained to 9, oho man in submerged biofilter and then the volumetric organic loads could be increased to 2.7 kg-BOD/$m^3$<\TEX>/day, the reactor volume can be reduced. 2) Because of the yield coefficient(Y) and the endogenous decay coefficient(kd) were revealed 0.4 and 0.07/d, the yielded sludge volume was reduced. 3) The concentration of the sloughed sludge in the reactor was 2.62~4.01 %, so the thickener could be omited in the papermill wastewater sludge treatment process. 4) When the operating was conducted at HRT of 4hrs, the treatment efficiencies of BOD and COD were obtained 80% and 70%. 5) The range of the theoretical recirculation ratios of this reactor was 14~26. According to those ratios, at the low loads ( BOD volumetric loads is less than 0.79 kg-BOD/$m^3$<\TEX>/day, FM ratio is less than 2.0/d) the results were fitted to the theoretical recirculation ratios (14 ~26) and at the high loads the efficiency were increased to the rise of recirculation ratios.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

This study was performed to increase the removal efficiency of the biofilter packed with granular sulfur in municipal wastewater reclamation facility. Constituent units were influent water tank, denitrification tank, BOD reduction tank and outlet. And, the major operation factor is a biofilter packed with submerged granular sulfur. Actual wastewater and synthetic wastewater were used as influent wastewater. Experimental condition was divided into two phases according to the amount of a phosphorus coagulant. Total phosphorus removal efficiency was insignificant at mode I that phosphorus coagulant was not injected. The average influent and effluent total phosphorus concentrations at mode II were 0.5 ~ 1.0 mg/L and 0.27 mg/L, respectively. As for COD and BOD effluent concentrations, COD was 3.0 mg/L and BOD was 1.0 mg/L. Additionally, nitrogen removal rates were high at low influent DO concentration. In conclusion, a new process, biofilter packed with granular sulfur is expected to treat high-rate nitrogen wastewater and expected to be utilized as an alternative of technological innovation for the nitrogen treatment.