• KSBB Journal
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 1992

비표면적이 다른 media를 이용한 호기성 고정생물막공법에서 유기물부하율을 변화시키면서, 유출수의 성상과 활성슬러지의 설계인자가 호기성 고정생물막송법에 적용가능한지를 조사하였다. 유출수의 수질은 낮은 유기물부하율에서는 유출수의 농도가 비표면적에 따라 크게 변화하지 않았으나, 높은 부하율에서는 변화폭이 매우 크게 나타나으며, 비표면적별 유출수 농도를 보면 비표면적이 큰 경우가 유출수 농도가 낮았으며, 유입수농도가 클수록 유출수의 농도차이도 더 크게 나타났다. 동력학적 계수를 산출하기 위해 활성슬러지 공법의 모델을 고정생물막 공법에 적용시켜 본 결과 실험조건에서 실측 미생물 생산량과 계산된 미생물 생산량과의 차이는 COD를 기준으로 하였을 때가 더 잘 일치함을 알았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2016

The membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) is a promising municipal wastewater treatment process. In this study, two cross-flow MABRs were constructed to explore the carbon and nitrogen removal performance and bacterial succession, along with changes of influent loading shock comprising flow velocity, COD, and NH₄-N concentrations. Redundancy analysis revealed that the function of high flow velocity was mainly embodied in facilitating contaminants diffusion and biosorption rather than the success of overall bacterial populations (p > 0.05). In contrast, the influent NH₄-N concentration contributed most to the variance of reactor efficiency and community structure (p < 0.05). Pyrosequencing results showed that Anaerolineae, and Beta- and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant groups in biofilms for COD and NH₄-N removal. Among the identified genera, Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the main nitrifiers, and Hyphomicrobium, Hydrogenophaga, and Rhodobacter were the key denitrifiers. Meanwhile, principal component analysis indicated that bacterial shift in MABR was probably the combination of stochastic and deterministic processes.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.51-60
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• 1996

This research was performed for the fundamental data using a advanced treatment process of piggery wastewater. Characteristics of influent wastewater was divided with various methods in fixed biofilm batch reasctor. Fractons of organic were divided into readily biodegradable soluble COD(Ss), slowly biodegradable COD(Xs), nonbiodegradable soluble COD($S_I$), and nonbiodegradable suspended COD($X_I$). Experimental results were summerized as following : i) biodegradable organics fraction in piggery wastewater was about 88.1 percent, and fraction of readily biodegradable soluble COD was about 66.1 percent. ii) Fractions of nonbiodegradable soluble COD was 11~12 percent, and soluble inert COD by metabolism was producted about 6~8 percent. iii) Active biomass fraction of attached biofilm was about 54.7 percent, and substrate utilization rate and maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophs were $8.315d^{-1}$ and $3.823d^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2004

Autohydrogenotrophic denitrification of high nitrate concentration contaminated wastewater in a batch-scale biofilm reactor has been investigated. High nitrate concentration decreased as pH increased from 7.01 to 9.45. The high nitrate concentrations continuously decrease from $150mg.l^{-1}$ to $0mg.l^{-1}$. Nitrite concentrations increase at about two-thirds way through the denitrification process and thereafter it decreases with time. Autohydrogenotrophic denitrification of high nitrate concentration is passible to use drinking water as well as wastewater, and to deal with wastewater treatment by hetrotrophic denitrification.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1140-1151
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• 2010

Differences in DNA banding patterns, obtained by ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), and nitrification were followed in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) receiving municipal landfill leachate. Complete nitrification (>99%) to nitrate was obtained in the two-stage MBBR system with an ammonium load of 1.09 g N-$NH_4/m^2{\cdot}d$. Increasing the ammonium load to 2.03 g N-$NH_4/m^2{\cdot}d$or more caused a decline in process efficiency to 70-86%. Moreover, at the highest ammonium load (3.76 g N-$NH_4/m^2{\cdot}d$), nitrite was the predominant product of nitrification. Community succession was evident in both compartments in response to changes in ammonium load. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) supported by similarity analysis (ANOSIM) showed that microbial biofilm communities differed between compartments. The microbial biofilm was composed mainly of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), with Nitrosomonas europeae and N. eutropha being most abundant. These results suggest that high ammonium concentrations suit particular AOB strains.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.566-571
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• 2006

A sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) operated with a cycle of anaerobic - aerobic - anoxic - aerobic has been evaluated for the nutrient removal characteristics. The sponge-like moving media was filled to about 10% of reactor volume. The sewage was the major substrate while external synthetic carbon substrate was added to the anoxic stage to enhance the nitrogen removal. The operational results indicated that maximum T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 97% and 94%, respectively were achieved, while COD removal of 92%. The observations of significant nitrogen removal in the first aerobic stage indicated that nitrogen removal behaviour in this SBBR was different to conventional SBR. Although the reasons for aerobic nitrogen removal has speculated to either simultaneous nitrification and denitrification or anoxic denitrification inside of the media, further researches are required to confirm the observation. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) test with biofilm and suspended growth sludge indicated that biofilm in SBBR played a major role to remove substrates.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2012

본 총설은 N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)에 기반한 quorum sensing(QS)을 비롯한 다양한 QS 시스템 및 생물막 형성과의 관련성에 대한 연구 동향을 정리하였다. 또한 anti-QS으로서 quorum quenching 전략을 이용한 생물막 억제 연구 동향에 대해 중점적으로 서술하였다. 세균의 독특한 신호전달 체계인 QS는 AHL과 같은 특정한 신호분자의 농도에 의해 세균의 집단적 행동 양식이 결정되는 세포밀도-의존성 유전자 발현 조절 메커니즘이다. QS 시스템은 미생물의 부착 및 생물막 형성에 있어 중요한 역할을 한다. AI-1이나 AI-2에 의한 QS는 생물막 형성 과정에 필요한 세포외 다당류, 단백질, 세포 외 DNA 등 주요한 구성 성분 등의 생산뿐만 아니라, 세균의 운동성 조절, 부착, 생물막 해체 과정까지도 조절하는 기능을 한다. 일부 세균의 경우 QS시스템 이외에도 second messenger로 알려진 c-di-GMP에 의한 signaling이 QS와 서로 연결되어 생물막 형성이나 병독성과 같은 타깃들을 함께 조절한다. 생물막은 병원성 세균에 의한 감염 시 여러 가지 병독성 가운데 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나이기 때문에, 생물막 형성을 조절하는 QS를 차단하기 위한 다양한 anti-quorum sensing 전략이 연구되고 있다. Anti-QS 접근 방식은 의학적 이용뿐만 아니라 물에 노출되어있는 MBR을 비롯한 많은 산업적 장치 등에서 생물막 형성으로 인한 손상 및 오염을 방지하기 위해 쓰일 수 있다. Anti-QS 전략 중 신호분자인 AHL을 무력화 시키는 quorum quenching 효소(AHL-lactonase, AHL-acylase, oxidoreductas)를 이용하여 생물막 형성을 억제할 수 있으며, 막을 이용한 수처리 공정에서 막에 발생하는 biofouling을 완화시킬 수 있는 새로운 anti-fouling 처리 기술로서 이러한 QQ 효소의적용 가능성을 보여 주고 있다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1833-1841
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• 2000

생물학적 수처리공정의 생물막 (호기성 혹은 혐기성) 내의 생물막 두께 및 이온들의 농도구배등에 대한 모델링을 위하여 종래에 이론적으로만 접근하던 방법 대신, 실제로 생물막을 이동하며 측정하여 분석하는 첨단 연구 방법인 미소전극탐침을 제작하여 적용하였다. 미소전극 센서장치에서 가장 중요한 요소 중에 하나인 working 미소전극탐침은 생물막내의 전위차 (EMF, electromotive force)를 측정할 때 오염과 파손 등에 의해서 수명이 짧아지기 쉽기 때문에, 각각의 working 미소전극탐침의 제작방법에 대하여 논의하였으며, 제작된 pH와 $NO_3{^-}$ 미소전극탐침으로 탈질 미생물막 이온들의 농도를 막 깊이별로 측정하였다. 미소전극 센서장치에 의한 측정결과, 탈질 미생물막 내부에서의(생물막 표면에서 약 $350{\mu}m$) pH는 8.3 정도로 벌크용액상(bulk solution)의 pH 8보다 약간 상승하였으며, $NO_3{^-}$의 농도는 벌크용액상의 30 mg N/L농도에서 최종 4 mg N/L 청도로 나타났다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2003

This study was carried out to get efficient of organic material removal and wastage sludge production minimized effects on the treatment of Brewhouse wastewater using aerobic RBC and curtain biological film contact process. As a results of biofilm attachment experiment aggravation of water quality due to excessive biofilm showed after every 13 days of operating times. The concentration of BOD at raw wastewater was 3800${\sim}$5300 mg/L and COD was 2300${\sim}$3100 mg/L. The average BOD of effluent was maintained 18 mg/L and average COD was 26 mg/L. The result of this experiment was wastage sludge did not almost generated.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

This study was carried out to get efficient of nutrient removal and wastage sludge production minimized effects on the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater using aerobic curtain biological film contact process. As a results of biofilm attachment experiment aggravation of water quality due to excessive biofilm showed after every 15 days of operating times. The concentration of BOD and COD in the influent were 2500~3000mg/L and 1700~2100mg/L , respectively. The average BOD and CoD were 9mg/L and 17mg/L , respectively. The result of this experiment was wastage sludge did not almost generated and the removal efficiency of nutrients were kept equilibrium.