• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.160-183
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• 2012

Objectives: Coptidis Rhizoma is one of the most popular and multi-purpose herbs in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to contribute to research and applications of Coptidis Rhizoma in clinic, by analyzing and reviewing international studies on its chemical compositions and pharmacological effects. Methods: This study analyzed 344 articles published from 2000 to 2010 in PubMed, Refworks, Riss, and KTKP. The search keywords were "Coptis chinensis", "Coptis japonica", "Coptidis Rhizoma", "huanglian" and "huanglian in Chinese". From them, we selected 114 articles which met our inclusion criteria. Results: This study reviewed 114 articles on Coptidis Rhizoma and its active components in terms of 'Active components', 'Experimental studies', 'Clinical studies', 'Industrial use' and 'Side Effects/Toxicity'. Conclusions: The active components of Coptidis Rhizoma are berberine, coptisine, epiberberine, palmatine, jateorrhizine, magnoflorine, worenine, etc. It is reported that Coptidis Rhizoma and its active components have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant activity, and cardiovascular, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, gastrointestinal, pain relieving, discharge phlegm and metrocyte proliferation effects. Moreover, we found that Coptidis Rhizoma can be used for bath preparation, cosmetic products and as a natural antimicrobial substance.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.206-212
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• 2018

Depression is a type of mood disorder characterized by hypochondriasis, decreased appetite, and insomnia. Depression is a disease that affects more than 100 million people worldwide. 2-Nonadecanone (NAC) is a bioactive substance that constitutes Fomes fomentarius, and NAC is expected to have an antidepressant effect. By using the forced swimming test (FST), we investigated the effects of treatment with NAC on immobility subacutely in rats after oral dosing once a day for 2 days. Serum levels of cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear factor-2 (Nrf-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) were analyzed by western blot method. NAC dose-dependently decreased immobility in the FST. NAC dosedependently decreased FST-induced increase of cytokine levels, as manifested by significantly stronger effects on $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels at higher doses than the lowest dose of NAC. Western blot analysis showed that Nrf-2 was significantly lower in the NAC-treated group than in the disease-induced group. The iNOS results were also significantly lower in the NAC-treated group than in the other groups. Considering FST results, the antidepressant effect of NAC is effective. Considering the results of cytokine and protein expression, this anti-depressant effect may be related to the anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it can be said that the anti-inflammatory effect of NAC increases the antidepressant effect in the FST experiment.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the useful components and potential antioxidant activities of 30 marine algae, collected from Jeju Island in Korea. The contents of bioacitve substance of extracts from marine algae, such total polyphenol and carbohydrate, were determined. The extract of Distromium decumbens had the highest amount of total polyphenol content (21.27%), and that of Gracilaria incurvata Okamura had the highest amount of total carbohydrate content (10.18%). The antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from algae were tested through the evaluation of DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The extracts of Distromium decumbens, Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C.Agardh, Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and Acrosorium yendoi Yamada were found to have more than 80% DPPH radical scavenging activity and that of Dictyota okamurae (Dawson) $H{\ddot{o}}tning$, Schnetter, et Prud'homme van Reine, Myagropsis myagroides (Martens ex Turner) Fensholt, Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh and Cladophora wrightiana Harvey showed more than 50% hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. These results suggest that algae collected from Jeju Island would be good raw materials for antioxidant.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2016

The quantitative analytical method for the bioactive substance, 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone (ricinine) and an index compound, ricinoleic acid in castor plant (Ricinus communis) extract or oil was developed. For the determination of a pyridone alkaloid compound, ricinine, successive cartridge cleanup method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography was set up with $ENVI-Carb^{TM}$ (0.5 g) and $C_{18}$ SPE cartridges. Accuracy and precision were evaluated through fortification studies of one biopesticide (PE) at 10 and $100mg\;kg^{-1}$. Mean recoveries of ricinine were 98.7 and 96.0 % associated with less than 10 % RSD, respectively. For the determination of ricinoleic acid in castor extract and oil, saponification and methylation were optimized using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Recovery was more than 84.8 % associated with 6.2 % RSD after derivatization procedure. Both methodologies developed were applied to analyze real samples including three castor oil products and six commercially available biopesticides containing R. communis, collected at Korean market. The contents of ricinine and ricinoleic acid in most commercial biopesticides were less than the oil or extract contents indicated by label.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2019

꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata)는 뽕나무과(Moraceae)에 속하는 낙엽활엽 소교목이다. 우리나라와 중국, 일본과 같은 동아시아에 주로 분포하며 척박한 땅에서도 잘자라고 병충해에 강하다고 알려져 있다. 예로부터 꾸지뽕나무는 항암, 간보호, 눈을 밝게하는 작용이 있다고 동의보감과 신농본초경에 기록되어 있다. 우리나라는 오랫동안 된장 등 발효식품을 자주 접하고 섭취하여 왔다는 점을 고려하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 발효균을 접종하면 항암활성, 면역체계 개선 등 다양한 생리활성 물질이 증가한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 가시가 없고 잎이 커 작업성이 용이한 대품 품종을 2018년 9월에 전남 신안군에서 채취하여 분석 시료로 사용하였다. 항산화활성 측정은 프리라디칼(DPPH, ABTS) 소거능을 측정하여 농도(EC50)별 측정결과 $100{\mu}g/mL$ ext. 이하로 항산화 활성이 열매보다 잎이 높다는 것을 확인하였다. 황국균(Aspergillus oryae)을 꾸지뽕나무 잎과 열매에 접종시켜 페놀성화합물을 스크리닝 한 결과 기존에 발견되지 않은 Salicylic acid, Naringenin, Vanilic acid, Oxyresveratrol 등 기능성 물질이 발견되었고, 잎의 경우 36시간 발효물(355mg/g)은 무처리군(179mg/g)에 비해 2배정도 상승하였다. 열매의 경우 48시간 발효시켰을 경우(472mg/g)으로 무처리군(156mg/g)보다 3배정도 상승하였다. 발효를 통해 꾸지뽕나무 잎과 열매의 최적의 추출조건을 확립하고 생리활성 물질 분석을 이용한 효능탐색 등을 진행하였다. 향후 꾸지뽕나무를 활용한 식품 소재개발 등 사업화에 기초적인 자료를 제공하여 임업인의 새로운 소득품목 육성에 기어코자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2022

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known gaseous bioactive substance found across a wide array of body systems. The administration of low concentrations of CO has been found to exert an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypertensive, and vaso-dilatory effect. To date, however, it has remained unknown whether CO influences atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. This study explores the effect of CO on ANP secretion and its associated signaling pathway using isolated beating rat atria. Atrial perfusate was collected for 10 min for use as a control, after which high atrial stretch was induced by increasing the height of the outflow catheter. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2; 10, 50, 100 μM) and hemin (HO-1 inducer; 0.1, 1, 50 μM), but not CORM-3 (10, 50, 100 μM), decreased high stretch-induced ANP secretion. However, zinc porphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) did not affect ANP secretion. The order of potency for the suppression of ANP secretion was found to be hemin > CORM-2 >> CORM-3. The suppression of ANP secretion by CORM-2 was attenuated by pretreatment with 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, paxilline, and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one, but not by diltiazem, wortmannin, LY-294002, or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Hypoxic conditions attenuated the suppressive effect of CORM-2 on ANP secretion. In sum, these results suggest that CORM-2 suppresses ANP secretion via mitochondrial K_ATP channels and large conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.467-475
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• 2024

ρ-Hydroxyacetophenone is an important and versatile compound that has been widely used in medicine, cosmetics, new materials, and other fields. At present, there are two ways to obtain ρ-hydroxyacetophenone. One is to extract it from plants, such as Artemisia capillaris Thunb and Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid, and the other is to synthesize it by using chemical methods. Of these two methods, the second is the main one, although it has problems, such as flammable and explosive reagents, difficult separation of by-products, and harsh reaction conditions. To solve these issues, we adopted genetic engineering in this study to construct engineered Escherichia coli containing Hped gene or EbA309 gene. Whole-cell biotransformation was conducted under the same conditions to select the engineered E. coli with the higher activity. Orthogonal tests were conducted to determine the optimal biotransformation condition of the engineered E. coli. The results showed that the optimal condition was as follows: substrate concentration of 40 mmol/l, IPTG concentration of 0.1 mmol/l, an induction temperature of 25℃, and a transformation temperature of 35℃. Under this condition, the effects of transformation time on the ρ-hydroxyacetophenone concentration and cell growth were further studied. We found that as the transformation time extended, the ρ-hydroxyacetophenone concentration showed a gradually increasing trend. However, when the ρ-hydroxyacetophenone concentration increased to 1583.19 ± 44.34 mg/l in 24 h, cell growth was inhibited and then entered a plateau. In this research, we realized the synthesis of ρ-hydroxyacetophenone by biotransformation, and our findings lay a preliminary foundation for further improving and developing this method.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2006

Styela clava (also called as rough sea squirt or leathery tunicate) is regarded as native to the northwest Pacific region including Korea and widely distributed in parts of northwestern Europe, North America and Australia. To evaluate Styela clava as a potential bioactive agent, the antioxidant activity of aceton extracts from Styela clava (whole, substance and tunic) was tested by measuring inhibitory effect of $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage using comet assay. Also, anticancer activity on human colon cancer cell (HT-29) was investigated by MTT reduction assay. The $200\;{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ induced DNA damage was inhibited with Styela clava aceton extract in dose dependent manner in human leukocytes. The maximum inhibition was by 62.8, 62.1 and 78.3% at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ of whole, substance and tunic extracts, respectively. The aceton extracts from S. clava were also found to inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cell. The cell proliferation rates decreased to 26.9, 30.6 and 12.0% at the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ of whole, substance and tunic extracts, respectively. These results support that aceton extracts from S. clava may be a potential candidate as a possible antimutagenic and chemotherapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative potentials of 4 Aster species. Flowers and aerial parts were extracted with 80% ethanol, and antioxidative activities and bioactive substance contents were investigated. Flowers showed higher extraction yield than aerial parts of all 4 species used. Among the samples tested, Flowers of A. scaber were found to be the most effective in both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. However, $Fe^{2+}$ chelate effect of all samples were lower than EDTA. Four samples(A. scaber flowers, A. sphathulifolius aerial parts, A. koraiensis flowers, A. scaber aerial parts) out of eight showed stronger inhibitory activities against linoleic acid oxidation than BHT at 8 days. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of A. scaber flowers(90.46 and $75.36mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$) were the highest, and followed by A. sphathulifolius flowers.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2000

The DMPT produced by marine algae is the main biogenic precursor of oceanic DMS. Also, DMPT is an efficient stimulant for growth, feeding, and body movement of fish and striped prawn, and appears to play a physiologic role as an osmoprotectant in algae. This study was focused on the extraction of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin as bioactive substance from green seaweed. Identification and quantification of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin were measured by headspace gas chromatography after conversion to dimethyl sulfide by treatment with saturated NaOH solution. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was extracted through various processes(solvent extraction, ultrasonication, boiling and autoclaving) from Enteromorpha intesinalis. The content of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin extracted by autoclaving treatment showed higher than those of various extraction methods. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Enteromorpha Enteromorpha was 311,200ng/g after autoclaving at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 60min. Dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin in extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis was comparatively stable under low temperature. The retentions of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin content in extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis were 75.8 ~99.8% by incubation at 10~6$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Chemical decomposition of dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin was observed under laboratory conditions at pH values higher than 9.5.