• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2005년도 제16회 정기총회 및 동계학술발표회
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• pp.260-261
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• 2005

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.927-931
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• 2005

Carbon nanotube actuator, working under physical conditions (in aqueous solution) and converting electrical energy into mechanical energy directly, can be a good substitute for artificial muscle. The carbon nanotube actuator simulated in this paper is an isotropic cantilever type with an adhesive tape which is sandwiched between two single-walled carbon nanotubes. For predicting the static and dynamic characteristic parameters, the analytical model for a 3 layer bimorph carbon nanotube actuator is developed by using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The governing equation and boundary conditions are derived from energy principles. The induced displacements of the theoretical model are presented in order to investigate the performance of the carbon nanotube actuator with different control voltages. The developed model presents invaluable means for designing and predicting the performance of carbon nanotube actuator that can be used in artificial muscle applications.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

In this article, the constitutive relations of three types of piezoelectric benders, which are a unimorph bender, a bimorph bender and a triple-layer bender, are derived based on the beam theory under the quasi-static equilibrium condition. The relation coefficients are described as the geometry and material properties of the benders. More general constitutive relations involving fixed-free, fixed-roll, and fixed-simply supported boundary conditions under the inconsistent length condition between the piezoelectric layer and the nonpiezoelectric one are discussed. The complicated constitutive relations can be easily calculated and checked by using the symbolic function in ‘Mathematica’. The relation coefficients for the benders are plotted in three dimensional graph using the developed program.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.309-324
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• 2005

This paper presents an efficient and accurate coupled beam model for piezoelectric bimorphs based on improved first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The model combines the equivalent single layer approach for the mechanical displacements and a layerwise modeling for the electric potential. General electric field function is proposed to reasonably approximate the through-the-thickness distribution of the applied and induced electric potentials. Layerwise defined shear correction factor (k) accounting for nonlinear shear strain distribution is introduced into both the shear stress resultant and the electric displacement integration. Analytical solutions for free vibrations and forced response under electromechanical loads are obtained for the simply supported piezoelectric bimorphs with series or parallel arrangement, and the numerical results for various length-to-thickness ratios are compared with the exact two-dimensional piezoelasticity solution. Excellent predictions with low error estimates of local and global responses as well as the modal frequencies are observed.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.290-296
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• 2005

This paper proposes the modeling scheme of the Miniature Universal Testing Machine (MUTM) composed of 36 thin-beam-type bimorph PZTs and the control algorithm to minimize the residual vibration of the MUTM in the dynamic testing of specimens. In the operation of the MUTM, hysteresis, residual displacement and vibration of it are major issues. From the analysis of the MUTM behaviors, the hysteresis is described by the curving fitting scheme with the function of an input voltage. The dynamic characteristics of the MUTM are identified by the frequency domain modeling technique based on the experimental data. The interested bandwidth is focused on 125-315HZ for effective modeling and control. For the robust vibration control of the MUTM, the sliding mode control and the Kalman filter as observer are proposed. The paper also proposes the best input signal type to operate the MUTM effectively. The feasibility of the proposed modeling scheme and control algorithm are tested and verified experimentally.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.476-481
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• 2004

This paper proposes the modeling scheme of the Miniature Universal Testing Machine (MUTM) composed of 36 thin-beam-type bimorph PZTs and the control algorithm to minimize the residual vibration of the MUTM in the dynamic testing of specimens. In the operation of the MUTM, hysteresis, residual displacement and vibration of it are major issues. From the analysis of the MUTM behaviors, the hysteresis is described by the curving fitting scheme with the function of an input voltage. The dynamic characteristics of the MUTM are identified by the frequency domain modeling technique base on the experimental data. The interest bandwidth is focused on 125-315HZ for effective modeling and control. For the robust vibration control of the MUTM, the sliding mode control and the Kalman filter as observer are proposed. The paper also proposes the best input signal type to operate the MUTM effectively. The feasibility of the proposed modeling scheme and control algorithm are tested and verified experimentally.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.2812-2818
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• 1996

A cantilever beam with a mass and a spring at the end can be use to model a miniature flexible arm. It is necessary to know the natural frequencies and mode shapes to discuss its free vibration, especially when modal analysis is employed. A beam is clamped-free. In this paper we look at the lateral vibration of beams that have step changes in the properties of their cross sections. The frequency equation is derived by Bernoulli-Euler formulation and is sloved by the separation of variable. The parameters of the beam, 'mass and spring stiffness' are defined as nondimensionalized parameters for wide application of the results. According to the change of eigenvalues and mode shape are presented for this beam. The results presented are the eigenvalues and the natural frequencies for the first three modes of vibration. Results show that the parameters have a significant effect on the natural frequency.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 고 전압, 고 응력 하에 있는 압전 재료의 재료 비선형 거동을 실험적으로 밝히고, 수치적으로 모사하였다. 응력 하에서, 압전 재료의 비선형 거동을 표현 할 수 있는 실험식을 압전 변형율에서 만들어 내었다. 그 식은 재료 비선형 해석을 위하여, 증분 형태의 유한요소 식에 적용되었다. 압전 상수에 대한 새로운 정의와 증분 형태로 표현된 압전 변형율이 보다 나은 비선형 거동의 복원을 위하여 유한 요소 정식화과정에 적용되었다. 이것으로, 높은 전기장 영역에서도, 박판형 압전 재료의 비선형 거동을 정확하게 복원하였다. 일련의 수행된 실험과 연구 과정의 검증을 위하여, 압전재료 바이모프 보 작동기가 수치적으로와 실험적으로 사용되었다. 재료 비선형 유한요소해석으로 예측된 변위와 실험으로 구해진 변위가 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.918-921
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• 2005

According to the mechanical-electrical coupling characteristics and the electrical Impedance property of resistor-inductor-capacitor(RLC) series resonant circuit, the mechanical impedance analysis of a bimorph piezoceramic patch shunted with a series RLC resonant circuit is conducted. The displacement transfer function of a cantilever beam bonded with a piezoelectric shunt damping module is deduced in the case of single mode vibration of the beam. By the use of vibration damping theory of tuned mass damper system, the parameter optimization of piezoelectric shunt damping system is performed. The optimal resonant state of the shunting circuit can be obtained when the resister and conductor are optimally adjusted. Test results show that the vibration control effect as well improved with optimized piezoelectric shunt system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-42
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• 2009

In order to reduce vibration or to control shape of structures made of metal or composites, piezoelectric materials have been extensively used since their discovery in 1880's. A recent trend is also seen to apply piezoelectric materials to flexible structures made of rubber-like materials. In this paper a non-linear finite element model using updated Lagrangian (UL) approach has been developed for static analysis of rubber-elastic material with surface-bonded piezoelectric patches. A compressible stain energy function has been used for modeling the rubber as hyperelastic material. For formulation of the nonlinear finite element model a twenty-node brick element is used. Four degrees of freedom u, v and w and electrical potential ${\varphi}$ per node are considered as the field variables. PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) patches are applied as sensors/actuators or sensors and actuators. The present model has been applied to bimorph PVDF cantilever beam to validate the formulation. It is then applied to study the smart rubber components under different boundary and loading conditions. The results predicted by the present formulation are compared with the analytical solutions as well as the available published results. Some results are given as new ones as no published solutions available in the literatures to the best of the authors' knowledge.