• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2006

Reproduction and organ system of the oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis in Isa stream were investigated by means of histological methods. Sex ratio was observed 1 : 1 in female to male. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the female showed two peak in December and April. The ovipositor length index (OLI) represented irregular change. From the histological analysis of the organ system, epidermal atrophy and hyperplasia of pigment cell were observed in the skin. Epithelial layer lifting of the lamella and bifurcation of the filament were observed in the gill. Also histological changes as congestion, cytoplasmic degeneration of hepatic cell, glomerular dilatation, hyaline droplet degeneration of renal tubule epithelium and pycnosis of interstitial cell were identified in the liver and kidney, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1570-1577
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• 1992

The vascular surgery is the field that has developed in early 20 century and is progressing nowadays. Recent advance in surgical technique accompanying with excellent medical diagnosis and treatment, prompt angiographic usage, development of variable prosthetic material, and concomitant use of anti-coagulant have made remarkable results of vascular surgery. 83 cases of vascular surgery have been performed at Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Pusan National Unversity Hosaital since 1971 till 1990, for 20 years and their results are followed. Patient ductus arteriosus and Buerger`s disease were omited in this study. 1. The age distribution shows that the fifth and sixth decades are most frequently affected and mean age was 56.1 years old. Male to female ratio is 1: 2.32. 2. Among the 83 cases of all, number of occlusive vascular disease is 46 and that of aneurysmal disease is 33. 3. In clinical manifestation, most common symptom of occlusive disease is pulselessness and pain was next. Mass sensation is most commonly complained by patients of aneurysmal disease. 4. CT scan was more important in diagnosis of aneurysmal diseases and angiogram was more commonly used in occlusive diseases. 5. The common site of arterial occlusion was common iliac artery, femoral artery, aortic bifurcation, and external iliac artery, as its frequency rate. The most commonly affecting portion of aortic aneurysm was abdminal aorta, and descending thoracic aorta and femoral artery were next 6. Preoperative associated diseases were atherosclerosis[41 cases], hypertension[21 cases], valvular heart disease[11 cases], and diabetes mellitus[9 cases], etc, 7. Operative methods in ocllusive diseases were thrombectomy[36.9%], endarterectomy [10.9%], and bypass graft insertion[52.7%]. Among the bypass graft, Y-graft was used in 7 case, straight graft was used in 17 cases, and saphenous venous graft was used in 2 cases. 8. Postoperative complications were developed in 17 cases, and morbidity rate was 36. 9. Eleven patient were died within 1 month after operation, so operative mortality rate was 13.3%. 10. Duration of patency was beteween 7 and 58 months[average 27.5 months] in occlusive diseases and their 5-year patency rate was 56.3%. Duration of patency of aneurysmal disease was 20 months in aveage and their 5-year patency rate was 51.3%. 11. Patients of eleven cases of occlusive disease and two cases of aneurysmal disease required reoperation for variable reason. 12. 35 cases of patient have used anticoagulants: coumadin, ticlid, and persanthin-ASA combination.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.615-622
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• 2017

A normal shock wave is initially formed in the shock tube that migrates towards the closed end of the tube, which, in turn, leads to the reflection of shock. Due to the interaction of the reflected shock with the boundary layer, bifurcation of the shock wave takes place. A shock train will be generated after the bifurcated shock wave approaches the contact surface. Until now, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate this shock train phenomenon inside the shock tube. For the present study, a CFD analysis has been performed on a two dimensional axisymmetric model of a shock tube using unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In order to investigate the detailed characteristics of the shock train phenomenon, quantitative studies have been performed by varying shock tube length, diameter under fixed diaphragm, and pressure ratio inside a shock tube.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of landform in Geoje-Do using GIS and DTED data. The characteristics of landform in Geoje-Do are as follows; First, the height-range of Geoje-Do is $0{\sim}580m$, and the average elevation of it is 124m. Volcanic and granite region is mainly appeared at high elevation-region. But, we can't find out outstanding difference of elevation, according to its geology. The second. the slope-range of Geoje-Do is $0{\sim}52$ degree, and the average slope of it is 17.6 degree. The slope of volcanic and granite area is more steeper than any other region. But the results of analysis of the geology in Geojo-Do, don't show outstanding difference of the slope. The third, the area-rate of the aspect of Geoje-Do is almost same in all direction. And the area-rate of south-west direction is the highest. According to the geology of Geoje-Do, granite is distributed the most widely, and the area of volcanic and granite occupy 60% of entire island's area. According to analysis of influence of geology with elevation, geology has little relationship with elevation. According to analysis of geology and drainage network, streams are inclined to be developed well in Alluvium area. Drainage network is well developed throughout the entire island, except southeast area. The highest order of stream is 4 in 1:25,000 topographic map. The density of stream in Geoje-Do is very high, such as 1.6. The bifurcation-ratio of stream is also higher than 4 in all order. The length-ratio of stream is ranged from 1.24 to 3.25. According to the relationship between order and elevation. order is the greater, elevation is the lower. According to the relationship between order and slope, order is the greater, slope is the gentler. In this study, we use DTED Data, and compare it with topographic map data. According to the comparison, there is a little difference between DTED data and topographic map data. Therefore, to use DTED data in landform analysis, it is required coordinate matching process. This process is very important, and take very long time. Thus, if you use DTED in landform analysis, some processes are required. DTED data can be taken very easily, but its using is not simple. Because coordinate adjust is very hard work.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 2018

Carotid angiography covering the aortic arch includes contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEA), which is applied to a large region and usually employs contrast media. However, the use of contrast media can be dangerous in infants, pregnant women, and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Follow-up patients informed of a lesion may also want to avoid constant exposure to contrast media. We aimed to apply time-of-flight (TOF) angiography to a large region and compare its usefulness with that of CEA. Ten patients (mean age, 58 years; range, 45~75 years) who visited our hospital for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) participated in this study. A 3.0 Tesla Achieva magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system (Philips, Netherland) and the SENSE NeuroVascular 16-channel coil were employed for both methods. Both methods were applied simultaneously to the same patient. Three TOF stacks were connected to cover the aortic arch through the circle of Willis, and CEA was applied in the same manner. For the quantitative assessment, the acquired images were used to set the regions of interest (ROIs) in the common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, and vertebral artery, and to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the soft tissues. Three radiologists and one radiological resident performed the qualitative assessment on a 5-point scale - 1 point, "very bad"; 2 points, "bad"; 3 points, "average"; 4 points, "good"; and 5 points, "very good" - with regard to 4 items: (1) sharpness, (2) distortion, (3) vein contamination, and (4) expression of peripheral vessels. For the quantitative assessment, we estimated the mean SNR and CNR in each of the 5 ROIs. In general, the mean SNR was higher in TOF angiography (166.1, 205.2, 154.39, 172.23, and 161.95) than in CEA(92.05, 95.43, 84.76, 73.69, and 88.3). Both methods had a similar mean CNR: 67.62, 106.71, 55.9, 73.74, and 63.46 for TOF angiography, and 67.82, 71.19, 60.52, 49.45, and 64.07 for CEA. In all ROIs, the mean SNR was statistically significant (p<0.05), whereas the mean CNR was insignificant (p>0.05). The mean values of TOF angiography and CEA for each item in the qualitative assessment were 4.2 and 4.28, respectively for item 1; 2.93 and 4.55, respectively, for item 2; 4.6 and 3.13, respectively, for item 3; and 2.88 and 4.65, respectively, for item 4. Therefore, TOF angiography had a higher mean for item 3, and CEA had a higher mean for items 2 and 4; there was no significant difference between the two methods for item 1. The results for item 1 were statistically insignificant (p>0.05), whereas the results for items 2~4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Both methods have advantages and disadvantages and they complement each other. However, CEA is usually applied to a large region covering the aortic arch. Time-of-flight angiography may be useful for people such as infants, pregnant women, CRF patients, and followup patients for whom the use of contrast media can be dangerous or unnecessary, depending on the circumstance.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2016

The trematodes of Genus Nasitrema are the most common infection in the heads of small odontocetes. Five species of Nasitrema have been described in Asia. But those parasites has been not surveyed in the East Sea of Korean peninsula. There are no evidence of pathology associated with Nasitrema attenuate. To determine the infection ratio of N. attenuata in the dolphin, it was surveyed 9 long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis, caught incidentally from Samcheok to Pohang, East Sea, Korea. Five males and four females, estimated to be between 1 to 10 years old, were examined. The quantity of N. attenuata harvested by aspiration from pterygoid sinuses ranged from 10 to 100 with a 100% (9/9) infection with older dolphins exhibiting higher parasite counts. The body of trematoda was elongated with tegumental patches resembling the leaves of lilies and oral sucker located ventrally at the anterior terminal. Esophagus was absent and intestinal bifurcation arose immediately from the posterior of pharynx. The undulated intestinal caeca transversed the entire body and terminated at the posterior extremity of the worm. The genital pore opened anterior to the ventral sucker. This report confirms the prevalence and morphology of N. attenuata in the dolphins from the East Sea, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2000

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information to increase the practical use of soil survey data through the subdividing of valley shapes with soil sequences due to different parent rocks, and to study the relationship between the valley shapes and parent rock. The various rocks such as sedimentary(gray shale and sand stone) and igneous rocks(granite, granite gneiss and andesite porphyry) which are the major parent rocks in Yeongnam area were investigated. The characteristics of valleys formed and the kinds of soils derived from different rocks were analysed by using aerial photographs and topographical maps scaled 1:5,000. The rill density in igneous rock area was as high as 40. But the rill bifurcation ratio of first order stream was higher in the sedimentary than the igneous rocks except granite area. The mean slope of valleys in igneous areas was about 8%, which was higher than that of the sedimentary areas. The variability of valley width in the complexly metamorphosed rock, such as granite gneiss, and andesite porphyry, was greater than in sedimentary and in granite rocks. Based on the variability of valley widths and valley slopes, it was possible to classify the valleys into two types. The "Uterus-shaped valleys" had wide variability of valley width and were located in the areas of granite gneiss and andesite porphry rocks. while the "Roots-shaped valleys" had narrow variability of valley width and were located in the sedimentary areas. "Uterus-shaped valleys" were typified by having land forms of mountain foot slopes and alluvial fans, and the soil drainage sequences also had complexities. So that, we concluded that the variability of valley width and valley slopes was associated with kinds of parent rocks and metamorphism which influences soil sequence and characteristics.