• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-54
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• 2024

Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of Hwanggigyejiomul-tang for postoperative breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) by a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A search was conducted using keywords such as "breast cancer", "lymphedema", "edema", "Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction", "Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu tang", and "Hwanggigyejiomul tang" in 10 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, CNKI, CiNii, RISS, KISS, ScienceON, OASIS, DBpia) on February 11, 2024. There were no limits on the publication period and language, and the quality of the studies was evaluated using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed based on the outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), increase in shoulder joint mobility (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and visual analog scale (VAS) using Review Manager Web. Results: Eleven RCTs were selected. The treatment group (Hwanggigyejiomul-tang-gagambang or hapbang with control group intervention) showed a more statistically significant effect compared with the control group (physical therapy or western medicine) in TER (upper limb circumference change), TER (upper limb edema grade change), increase in flexion angle, increase in extension angle, increase in adduction angle, FMA, and VAS. Conclusions: Hwanggigyejiomul-tang is effective in treating postoperative BCRL. However, because of the low quality of the included studies, more clinical studies are required to increase the possibility of clinical use.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.396-414
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• 2024

Objective: This study assessed the effectiveness of Gammaekdaejo-tang for post-stroke depression through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A search was conducted using keywords such as "Post-stroke Depression", "PSD", "Gammaekdaejo", and "Ganmai-dazao" on April 30, 2024. A meta-analysis was conducted according to outcome measurements, such as total effective rate (TER), HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), and NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale), using the Review Manager website. Results: A total of 10 RCTs was selected. The treatment group ((Gammaekdaejo-tang) or (Gammaekdaejo-tang combined with other ingredients or decoction)+Western medicine) showed significant improvement effects in terms of TER, HDRS, and NIHSS compared to the control group (Western medicine). [TER] RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.27, P<0.00001, RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.38, P<0.00001; [HDRS] MD: -2.29, 95% CI: -2.58 to -2.00, P<0.00001), MD: -3.28, 95% CI: -4.21 to -2.35, P<0.00001) [NIHSS] MD: -7.70, 95% CI: -8.52 to -6.89, P<0.00001. Conclusion: This study suggests that Gammaekdaejo-tang is effective in treating PSD. However, there are limitations, such as the small number of included studies, inability to clearly determine the effect of Gammaekdaejo-tang, inability to use various evaluation tools, and risk of bias. This research must be supplemented through systematic research design and implementation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

This study aims to estimate policy effects that appear heterogeneously within the beneficiary group by matching the beneficiary and non-beneficiary groups based on propensity score quartiles and analyzing the effect of policy benefits on sales growth. To achieve this, 239 SMEs that participated in R&D support program for the manufacturing of materials, components, and equipment in 2020 were selected as the beneficiary group. The propensity scores of these companies were calculated and divided into eight quartiles for matching between the non-beneficiary and beneficiary groups. Subsequently, double difference analysis was used to calculate the sales growth rate attributable to policy support. The study found that the largest policy effect was observed in the lowest quartile group, and companies with high patent application rates and 3-year sales growth rates experienced significant policy effects. These findings suggest that propensity score quartile-based analysis can be effectively utilized to refine the criteria for selecting beneficiary companies and the scope of industrial policy support.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.228-239
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• 2022

Studies examining the effect of artichoke on liver enzymes have reported inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of artichoke administration on the liver enzymes. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to January 2022. Standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) were analyzed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were assessed for the liver enzymes. Pooled analysis of seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that the artichoke administration has an effect on both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (Hedges' g, -1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.76 to -0.40; p = 0.002), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (Hedges' g, -1.02; 95% CI, -1.76 to -0.28; p = 0.007). Greater effects on ALT were detected in trials that lasted ≤8 weeks. Also, greater effects on AST were detected in trials using > 500 mg artichoke. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated artichoke supplementation decreased ALT and AST.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-279
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• 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nurse-led interventions on quality of life, medication adherence, anxiety, and depression in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Two researchers independently selected the final literature, and the quality assessment was performed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias tool. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted using the statistical software RevMan 5.4 to estimate effect sizes. Results: Among the reviewed 2,264 papers, 8 final papers, including 6 from the literature search and 2 from manual searches, were included in the analysis. The total number of participants included in the analysis was 477. Nurse-led interventions were found to be effective in improving quality of life (d=1.05) and reducing anxiety (d=-0.98) and depression (d=-1.25). Due to the heterogeneity of the measurement tools, the effect size for medication adherence could not be calculated. Despite this, nurse-led interventions were shown to improve medication adherence. In the cases of anxiety and depression, longer intervention periods showed a more significant reduction trend. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that nurse-led interventions positively impact quality of life, medication adherence, anxiety, and depression in kidney transplant recipients. Therefore, it is important to recognize the crucial role of nurses and explore ways to provide continuous nursing interventions for kidney transplant recipients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.568-590
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbal medicine on patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Articles published from 2011 to February 17, 2024 were searched via PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KISS, RISS, and OASIS. The quality of included articles was evaluated using a risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analyses considered the effects of herbal medicines on the total effective rate, renal function estimates (GFR, SCr, BUN, 24h-Upro), and other indicators (e.g., uric acid, hemoglobin, and bone density-related indicators). Results: A total of 13 RCTs were included in this study. The treatment group showed a significantly higher total effective rate (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.33-1.62, P<0.00001) and GFR (MD: 9.28, 95% CI: 6.52-12.04, P<0.00001), together with improvements in other renal function indicators, except for 24h-Upro (p=0.05). There were no significant differences in uric acid, hemoglobin, and bone density-related indicators. Adverse events were minimal in both groups. Conclusion: For non-dialysis CKD, this study supports the effectiveness of nine herbal medicines, either alone or in combination with Western medicines. However, even the meta-analyses provide insufficient evidence to conclusively guarantee the safety and efficacy of all types of herbal medicines in treating CKD. Therefore, additional well-designed studies are necessary to enhance the clinical application of herbal medicines in CKD.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.218-223
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• 2002

We investigated the magnetic properties of High Flux-type $Ni_{x}Fe_{100-x}$(x=40∼50, wt.％) permalloy powders and dust cores. The powder was prepared by conventional gas atomization in mass production scale. At the composition of $Ni_{x}Fe_{55}$, saturation magnetization was maximum. In case of lower Ni content than X=45, the $M_{s}$, decreased largely with the decrease in Ni content, which is due to the invar effect. The permeability of compressed powder cores increased with the decrease in Ni content, which was considered to be due to the decrease in the magnetostriction. In addition, the dust core with Ni=45％ showed the lowest core loss because of the increase in electrical resistivity leading to the low eddy current loss. From the better frequency dependence of permeability, larger Q value and superior DC bias characteristics of Ni=45％ than those of Ni=50％ core, it was confirmed that the 45％Ni-55％Fe powder alloy was better material for the dust core than commercial High Flux core materials.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In this paper, we study the efficient feature vector extraction method and front-end processing to improve the performance of the speech recognition system using KT(Korea Telecommunication) database collected through various telephone channels. First of all, we compare the recognition performances of the feature vectors known to be robust to noise and environmental variation and verify the performance enhancement of the recognition system using weighted cepstral distance measure methods. The experiment result shows that the recognition rate is increasedby using both PLP(Perceptual Linear Prediction) and MFCC(Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient) in comparison with LPC cepstrum used in KT recognition system. In cepstral distance measure, the weighted cepstral distance measure functions such as RPS(Root Power Sums) and BPL(Band-Pass Lifter) help the recognition enhancement. The application of the spectral subtraction method decrease the recognition rate because of the effect of distortion. However, RASTA(RelAtive SpecTrAl) processing, CMS(Cepstral Mean Subtraction) and SBR(Signal Bias Removal) enhance the recognition performance. Especially, the CMS method is simple but shows high recognition enhancement. Finally, the performances of the modified methods for the real-time implementation of CMS are compared and the improved method is suggested to prevent the performance degradation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

In this paper, silicidation induced Schottky contact area was obtained using the current voltage(I-V) characteristics of shallow cobalt silicided p+-n and n+-p junctions. In reverse bias region, Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering influenced predominantly the reverse leakage current, masking thereby the effect of Schottky contact formation. However, Schottky contact was conclusively shown to be the root cause of the modified I-V behavior of n+-p junction in the forward bias region. The increase of leakage current in silicided n+-p diodes is consistent with the formation of Schottky contact via cobalt slicide penetrating into the p-substrate or near to the junction area and generating trap sites. The increase of reverse leakage current is proven to be attributed to the penetration of silicide into depletion region in case of the perimeter intensive n+-p junction. In case of the area intensive n+-p junction, the silicide penetrated near to the depletion region. There is no formation of Schottky contact in case of the p+-n junction where no increase in the leakage current is monitored. The Schottky contact amounting to less than 0.01% of the total junction was extracted by simultaneous characterization of forward and reverse characteristics of silicided n+-p diode.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4783-4788
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• 2012

Objective: Previous studies of the association between X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms and the gliomas risk have yielded conflicting results, and thus a meta-analysis was performed to provide a more accurate estimation. Methods: A computerized literature search of 5 electronic databases was conducted to identify the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results: A total of 11 studies (3,810 cases and 6,079 controls), 7 studies (2,928 cases and 5,048 controls), and 4 studies (1,461 cases and 2,593 controls) were finally included in the analyses of the association between XRCC1 Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms and glioma risk, respectively. The pooled results showed that GlnGln carriage was associated with moderately increased risk of gliomas in Asians (GlnGln vs. ArgArg, OR=1.490, 95%CI 1.031-2.153; GlnGln/ArgGln vs. ArgArg, OR=1.321, 95%CI 1.037-1.684), whereas a marginal association was revealed in Caucasians. For the Arg194Trp polymorphism, although a significant association was shown in the homozygous genotype comparisons (TrpTrp vs. ArgArg, OR = 2.209, 95%CI 1.398-2.945), no significant link was found on subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity. With regard to the Arg280His polymorphism, no significant association was found in each comparison. No particular study was found to significantly influence the pooled results, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism is moderately associated with increased risk of gliomas in Asians, while Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms demonstrated no significant influence. Due to the limited studies and the potential confounders, further studies are needed to confirm these results.