• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2000

Objective : To evaluate the relationship between serum leptin concentration and obesity indices in a rural population. Methods : Two hundred and nine subjects were randomly sampled from 1036 residents who had participated in the survey. Their obesity indices were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and anthropometry. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by immunoradiometric assay. Results : Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated with body mass index, percent of body fat, fat mass, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Serum leptin concentrations were higher in obese or overweighted subjects than normal or thin subjects(8.5[0.9-31.4] compared with $2.7[0.1-12.0]{\mu}g/L$, p<0.01). Serum leptin concentrations were higher in women than men, even after an adjustment to body mass index$(\beta=4.183,\;p<0.01)$. According to body composition, serum leptin concentrations were more related with waist circumference in men, hip circumference in women. Conclusions : Serum leptin concentrations are positively correlated with obesity indices. Serum leptin concentrations are higher in obese subjects, in women, and more related with peripheral obesity. These findings support the hypothesis that human obesity is associated with leptin-resistance rather than leptin-deficiency.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.496-504
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• 2013

Background Amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells and amniocytes have recently been determined to have wound healing effects, but their mechanism is not yet clearly understood. In this study, the effects of amniotic fluid stem cells and amniocytes on wound healing were investigated through animal experiments. Methods On the back of Sprague-Dawley rats, four circular full-thickness skin wounds 2 cm in diameter were created. The wounds were classified into the following four types: a control group using Tegaderm disc wound dressings and experimental groups using collagen discs, amniotic fluid stem cell discs, and amniocyte discs. The wounds were assessed through macroscopic histological examination and immunohistochemistry over a period of time. Results The amniotic fluid stem cell and amniocyte groups showed higher wound healing rates compared with the control group; histologically, the inflammatory cell invasion disappeared more quickly in these groups, and there was more significant angiogenesis. In particular, these groups had significant promotion of epithelial cell reproduction, collagen fiber formation, and angiogenesis during the initial 10 days of the wound healing process. The potency of transforming growth factor-${\beta}$ and fibronectin in the experimental group was much greater than that in the control group in the early stage of the wound healing process. In later stages, however, no significant difference was observed. Conclusions The amniotic fluid stem cells and amniocytes were confirmed to have accelerated the inflammatory stage to contribute to an enhanced cure rate and shortened wound healing period. Therefore, they hold promise as wound treatment agents.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary complex enzyme (${\beta}$-mannanase 800 IU/kg and xylanase 700 IU/kg) in a diet containing corn distiller's dried grain with soluble (DDGS) on meat quality and pork fatty acid composition. Ninety-six pigs ([(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc], with an average body weight of 68.77 kg were used in the 8 wk growth assay. Dietary treatments included 1) corn-soybean meal diet, 2) corn-soybean meal diet + 0.05% enzyme complex, 3) cornsoybean meal diet with DDGS and 4) corn-soybean meal diet with DDGS + 0.05% enzyme complex. The pigs were allotted randomly into pens (n=4 per pen) with six replicate pens per treatment by a completely randomized design. Pigs were slaughtered at the end of the experiment and the loin muscle was obtained for meat quality. Meat pH (p<0.01), firmness (p<0.01) and redness (p<0.05) were higher in DDGS-supplemented diet than in the corn-soy bean meal diet. However, color, marbling, lightness, yellowness, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, water holing capacity, driploss, cooking loss and loin muscle area were not significantly different among the diets. The pigs fed the DGGS-supplemented diet had higher total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and total UFA/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio of loin and backfat. The results indicate that a diet containing DDGS can influence pH, firmness, redness and total UFA concentration and total UFA/SFA ratio of meat and backfat, but that enzyme addition has no affect on meat quality.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.574-582
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• 1992

Exo-xylanase encoded by the xylA gene of Bacillus stearothermoPhillus was produced from Escherichia coli ]M109 carrying a recombinant plasmid pMGL Synthesis of the enzyme was observed to be cell-associated, and about 94% of the enzyme synthesized was located in the cytoplasmic region. The maximum production was attained when the E. coli strain was grown at $37^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours on the medium containing 0.5% fructose, 1.0% tryptone, 1.0% sodium chloride, and 0.5% yeast extract. The exo-xylanase was purified to homogeneity using a combination of salting out with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-IOO gel filtration, and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The' purified enzyme was most active at pH 6.0 and $45^{\circ}C$. $Ca^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ activated the exo-xylanase activity by about 20% while $Ag^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ inhibited the enzyme activity by up to 60%. The $K_m$, value on p-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-xylanopyranoside was 2.75 mM. The enzyme had a pI value of 4.7. The estimated molecular weight of the native protein was 200,000 daL SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis suggested that the native enzyme was a trimer composed of three identical 66,000 da!. polypeptides. The purified enzyme efficiently converted all the xylo-oligosaccharides tested to xylose. It was also confirmed that the enzyme split xylans in an exo-manner even though the degree of hydrolysis was fairly low. The xylanolytic enzyme was, therefore, classified to be one of the few bacterial exo-xylanases lacking transferase activity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary leucine supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in the liver of normal birth weight (NBW) and intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) weanling piglets. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of sixteen pairs of NBW and IUGR piglets from sixteen sows were selected according to their birth weight. At postnatal day 14, all piglets were weaned and fed either a control diet or a leucine-supplemented diet for 21 d. Thereafter, a $2{\times}2$ factorial experimental design was used. Each treatment consisted of eight replications with one piglet per replication. RESULTS: Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets had a decreased (P < 0.05) hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Also, IUGR piglets exhibited reductions (P < 0.05) in the activities of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), citrate synthase (CS), ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (${\alpha}$-KGDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and complexes I and V, along with decreases (P < 0.05) in the concentration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the protein expression of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-${\gamma}$ coactivator $1{\alpha}$ (PGC-$1{\alpha}$). Dietary leucine supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the content of ATP, and the activities of CS, ${\alpha}$-KGDH, MDH, and complex V in the liver of piglets. Furthermore, compared to those fed a control diet, piglets given a leucine-supplemented diet exhibited increases (P < 0.05) in the mtDNA content and in the mRNA expressions of sirtuin 1, PGC-$1{\alpha}$, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and ATP synthase, $H^+$ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, ${\beta}$ polypeptide in liver. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary leucine supplementation may exert beneficial effects on mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism in NBW and IUGR weanling piglets.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 1994

Hydrogen donating activities(HDA) of solvent extracts of Hololeion maximowiczii roots which were treated with freeze drying, hot air drying and hot air drying after steam blanching were investigated by the method of ${\alpha},{\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). Hydrogen donating activity of hot air drying after steam blanching group showed the highest activity among three drying methods. Among the extracts of freeze dried root extracted with various solvents, color intensity at 420 nm of aqueous extract was highest, but hydrogen donating activity was shown in order of 50%, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, water extracts. By heating the powder of freeze dried root at $100^{\circ}C$, color intensity of its water extract was decreased until 20 min, thereafter it was increased slowly but hydrogen donating activity was rapidly increased until 30 min. Hydrogen donating activity at the concentration of 6.05 mg/ml of 50% alcohol extract was similar to that of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ at the concentration of $2{\times}10^{-4}M$. Comparison of hydrogen donating activity of the inner and outer solution after dialysis of water extract showed that the outer solution had a stronger hydrogen donating activity than those of the inner one.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.726-735
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activities of polysaccharide extracted from the fruit body and cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus IY001. All fractions were extracted by hot water, in the next, Fr. I, Fr. II, Fr. III and Fr. IV were polysaccharide obtained by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. The highest antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in ICR mice was observed in Fr. III and Fr. IV at the level 85%, but the antitumor activity had no connection with their anticomplementary activity in vitro, it might probably be due to extraction of hot water. All fractions promoted the production of nitric oxide and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in macrophage, addition of Fr. I and Fr. II resulted in production of nitric oxide$3(5.9{\sim}37.6\;{\mu}M)$ and of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production($8,696.2{\sim}9,420pg/ml)$. All fractions inhibited the lipid peroxidation induced by $AsA/Fe^{2+}$, $ADP/NADPH/Fe^{3+}\;and\;CCl_4/NADPH$ in rat liver microsomes, and Fr. III showed the electron donating ability stronger than tocopherol in assay system using DPPH. From these results, it is suggested that all fractions contain immunoregulatory components which may protect cellular materials from the oxidative damages by their radical scavenging activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2014

Nutritional composition, including total phenolics, tannins and nutrient components, of acorns of Q. actissima, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica were analyzed. Acorns were collected from each tree species, which were grown in a seed orchard. Contents of both total phenolics and tannins in acorns of Q. serrata were higher than those of Q. actissima (p<0.05). Interestingly, Q. serrata contained the highest amount of water soluble tannins (71 mg/g dw) and the lowest levels of water insoluble tannins (8.1 mg/g dw) among 4 oak species, resulting that acorns of Q. serrata had the lowest proportion of insoluble tannins. Among 4 oak species tested, Q. mongolicav acorns contained the highest levels of both total dietary fiber (TDF) and ascorbic acid, while the content of beta-carotene in Q. mongolicav was 52-fold lower than that in Q. variabilis ($520{\mu}g/100g$). Our result showed that nutritional composition of acoms was significantly different between oak species, indicating that tastes or nutritional values might be different as well among major oak species in Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.786-793
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• 2015

The purpose of this study to find out factors that affect intention of career discontinuity among dental hygienists. The data was collected from 300 dental hygienists working at dental clinics. The total of 281 copies were used for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 18.0 at the 5% significance level. T-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analyses were applied in this analysis. The results were as follows: 1. As for intention of career discontinuity by general characteristics, there were statistically significant difference according to age, duration of employment, children, children age and monthly income (p<0.05). 2. As for intention of career discontinuity by job awareness, there were statistically significant difference according to turnover, work-life, retirement age of dental hygienist, duration of job maintenance and re-employment of dental hygienist (p<0.05). 3. As for hierarchical regression analysis of the factors affecting the intention of career discontinuity, the support from employer had most significant influence on intention of career discontinuity (p<0.05). In order to decrease the career discontinuity among dental hygienists, plans that can increase the work-environment should be implemented by improving support from employer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.267-272
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• 2011

Objective : Although iliac crest autograft is the gold standard for lumbar fusion, the morbidity of donor site leads us to find an alternatives to replace autologous bone graft. Ceramic-based synthetic bone grafts such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) provide scaffolds similar to those of autologous bone, are plentiful and inexpensive, and are not associated with donor morbidity. The present report describes the use of Polybone$^{(R)}$ (Kyungwon Medical, Korea), a beta-tricalcium phosphate, for lumbar posterolateral fusion and assesses clinical and radiological efficacy as a graft material. Methods : This study retrospectively analyzed data from 32 patients (11 men, 21 women) who underwent posterolateral fusion (PLF) using PolyBone$^{(R)}$ from January to August, 2008. Back and leg pain were assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and clinical outcome was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Serial radiological X-ray follow up were done at 1, 3, 6 12 month. A computed tomography (CT) scan was done in 12 month. Radiological fusion was assessed using simple anterior-posterior (AP) X-rays and computed tomography (CT). The changes of radiodensity of fusion mass showed on the X-ray image were analyzed into 4 stages to assess PLF status. Results : The mean NRS scores for leg pain and back pain decreased over 12 months postoperatively, from 8.0 to 1.0 and from 6.7 to 1.7, respectively. The mean ODI score also decreased from 60.5 to 17.7. X-rays and CT showed that 25 cases had stage IV fusion bridges at 12 months postoperatively (83.3% success). The radiodensity of fusion mass on X-ray AP image significantly changed at 1 and 6 months. Conclusion: The present results indicate that the use of a mixture of local autologous bone and PolyBone$^{(R)}$ results in fusion rates comparable to those using autologous bone and has the advantage of reduced morbidity. In addition, the graft radiodensity ratio significantly changed at postoperative 1 and 6 months, possibly reflecting the inflammatory response and stabilization.