• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1228-1241
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• 2011

This research compares the change in berberine content in liquid dye and the color and dye uptake of amur cork tree dyed silk upon thermal degradation treatment. Thermal degradation of amur cork tree extract and liquid dye of standard berberine was carried out at room temperature, $4^{\circ}C$ refrigeration, and $100^{\circ}C$ oven conditions for 0-192 hours. Amur cork tree dyed silk was treated in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven for 0-240 hours. The berberine content in liquid dye was measured by the relative abundance of the berberine peak in the HPLC-MS chromatograms. The color and dye uptake of dyed silk was measured using K/S value and colorimetric data. The berberine content in standard berberine dye was 2.4 times that of the amur cork tree extract. A similar result was observed between the K/S value of standard berberine dyed silk and that of amur cork tree dyed silk. The berberine dyed silk showed the highest dye uptake after 120 hours in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven. This result was similar to the change in a berberine content in liquid dye in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven treatment. The change of the K/S value of amur cork tree dyed silk and berberine content of amur cork tree extract was similar up to 24 hours. The result suggests that there is a direct relationship between the color change of amur cork tree dyed silk and the berberine content in amur cork tree dye.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1986

The determination of berberine in Berberis koreana was examined by the high performance liquid chromatography using ${\mu}-Bondapak$ $C_{18}$ column and $CH_3CN/phosphate$ buffer (pH 5.2) (60/40) as a mobile phase. The seasonal variations of berberine contents in Berberis koreana were as follows; 1) In roots, the average berberine content was 0.94% with the highest level of 1.32% in October. 2) In stems, their average berberine content was about 0.1% and in March, April, October and November, the contents were relatively high. 3) In leaves, however, the content was as low as 0.005%. According to the experimental results obtained, we found that Berberis koreana roots can serve as the useful natural plant resources for the berberine and October is the optimal season for the collection.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 2003

Previously, protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine and palmatine have been found to lower dopamine content in PC12 cells (Shin et at., 2000). In this study, the effects of berberine and palmatine on L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine level and cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Treatment of PC12 with L-DOPA at concentration ranges of 20∼50 $\mu$M increased dopamine content and the increase in dopamine levels by L-DOPA was inhibited by 10∼40 $\mu$M berberine and 10∼80 $\mu$M palmatine, which the concentration ranges did not show a cytotoxicity. However, berberine and palmatine at concentrations higher than 50 $\mu$M and 100 $\mu$M caused a cytotoxicity, respectively. In addition, berberine (10∼20 $\mu$M) and palmatine (10∼50 $\mu$M) at non-cytotoxic concentration ranges aggravated L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells (L-DOPA concentration ranges, 20∼50 $\mu$M). The L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity was also significantly potentiated by berberine (50 $\mu$M) and palmatine (100 $\mu$M) with cytotoxic ranges. These data demonstrate that berberine and palmatine inhibit L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine content and stimulate L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, the possibility that the long-term L-DOPA treated patients with berberine and palmatine could be checked the adverse symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 1997

Berberine, a protoberberine isoquinoline alkaloid, showed inhibitory effects on dopamine content in PC12 cells $(53.8\%\;inhibition\;at\;20\;{\mu}M)$. Tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway, was inhibited at $20\;{\mu}M)$ of berberine by $21.8\%$ relative to control. Thus, we hypothesized that the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by berberine might be partially contributed to the decrease in dopamine content in PC12 cells. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of berberine on catecholamine content of serum after immobilization and cold stress in mice. Adult male mice were either subjected to 30 min of restraint or to 2 hr of cold chamber at $4-6^{\circ}C$. Serum norepinephrine, 16.8 pmol/ml, in control mice was increased to 28.8 pmol/ml by immobilization and the stress-induced rise in serum norepinephrine was partially blocked by the treatment of berberine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 6 days. Berberine (10 mg/kg/day for 3 days, i.p.) also inhibited the increase in serum norepinephrine by cold stress in mice. These results suggest that berberine may be developed as the promising antistress agent.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 1992

The effects of sucrose solution on cell growth and berberine production were studied in Thalictrum rugosum cell cultures. Application of sucrose solution without any other components enhanced berberine accumulation significantly in spite of slower cell growth. At high sucrose concentration, cells became very compact and fourfold increase in specific berberine content was achieved. Optimum concentration of sucrose in plain water to maximize the productivity was found to be 8%. Time course experiment in 8% sucrose solution showed that more than 5 days were required to utilize the advantage of this system efficiently. Addition of vitamins, growth regulators, and inorganic salts into the solution was not effective in increasing berberine productivity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 1995

Precipitation reaction occured between berberine in Coptidis Rhizoma and glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhizae Radix when they were boiled together in aqueous solution and the supernatant solution thus obtained did not show any antibacterial activity which was derived from berberine. The content of berberine in BG and CGP by HPLC analysis were 41.1%, 8.3% respectively. BG was occured mostly at pH 5.0. The solubility of berberine was 0.15%, while that of BG and CGP was 0.07%, 0.12%, respectively. CGP shown more increased antibacterial activity to gram positive bacteria, S. dysenteriae and K. pneumoniae than berberine. The absorption rates of CGP in stomach, duodenum and jejunum of rats were compared with those of Coptidis Rhizoma water extracts (CR), which were increased more than CR. The time required for the maximum serum concentration of berberine from CGP in mice was 90 minutes after oral administration. The maximum serum concentration of berberine from CGP was higher than that from CR. The dissolution of CGP was increased more than berberine and BG in both artificial gastric and intestinal fluids. The dissolution of CGP pill made from gelatin was 63.4% in artificial gastric fluids and that made from CMC was 76.0% in artificial intestinal fluids.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.238-250
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• 2012

This study examined the degradation behavior of SB(standard berberine) dye and SB dyed silk using HPLC-MS instrument after degradation in the hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet ray radiation/oxygen system up to 9 days and 40 hours respectively. In the degraded samples, berberine was detected at 5.2 min in the SB dye and 5.3 min in the SB dyed silk with its molecular ion=336 and the UV spectra of quaternary alkaloid. Degradation product 3(m/z=102) newly appeared after 5 day degradation treatment with continued increase till the end of degradation treatment. The amount of berberine in the degraded dye decreased with degradation progression. In the silk dyeings, berberine was detected only up to 21 hour degradation sample. The amount of berberine decreased dramatically during the first 6 hours of degradation treatment. The CIELAB color measurement of the silk dyeings showed dramatic change in the b* value, near zero in the 40 hour degraded silk. CIELAB and Munsell color measurements were in agreement with the HPLC-MS results of the dyed silk in the change of berberine content that the degraded silk became white and lost yellow color.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.32 no.1 s.124
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

The effects of protoberberine compounds on serotonin biosynthesis in P815 cells were investigated. Protoberberine compounds such as berberine, palmatine and coralyne decreased serotonin content dose-dependently, but coptisine did not. The $IC_{50}$ values of berberine, palmatine and coralyne were $3.0\;{\mu}M,\;16.5\;{\mu}M\;and\;14.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Protoberberine compounds at concentrations up to $20\;{\mu}M$ were not cytotoxic towards P815 cells. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, a ratelimiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, was inhibited by the exposure of berberine, palmatine and coralyne in P815 cells (14.9-19.3% inhibition at $2-15\;{\mu}M$), but that of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase was not. These results suggest that the inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase activity by berberine, palmatine and coralyne might partially contribute to the decrease in serotonin content in P815 cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2009

Many isoquinoline alkaloids including berberine lower dopamine content by reducing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and aggravate L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. In this study, the effects of berberine on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and on unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned rat models were investigated. Berberine at 10-30 ${\mu}M$ did not affect cell viability in PC12 cells. However, berberine at concentrations higher than $50{\mu}M$ caused cytotoxicity at 24 h. Berberine (10-50 ${\mu}M$) also enhanced 6-OHDA (10-50 ${\mu}M$)-induced cytotoxicity at 24 h compared to 6-OHDA alone with an apoptotic process. In addition, treatment with berberine (5 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) for three weeks showed a dopaminergic cell loss in substantia nigra of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats: 30 mg/kg berberine was more intensive cytotoxic. The levels of dopamine were also decreased by berberine (5 and 30 mg/kg) in the ipsilateral substantia nigra of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. These results suggest that berberine aggravated 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells and treatment with berberine (5 and 30 mg/kg) in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats also enhanced the degeneration of dopaminergic cell death and the decrease in dopamine levels in substantia nigra. Therefore, the long-term L-DOPA therapeutic patients with isoquinoline compounds including berberine may need to be checked for the adverse symptoms.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.233-243
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• 1994

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixture of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine were identified in coprecipitated product and these components were the active ingredients of two herbal medicine. The coprecipitated product was very slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. The stoichiometric ratio of baicalin and berberine was found to be 1:1. The lipid-water partition coefficients of coprecipitated product were increased more than baicalin and berberine in chloroform, but were decreased in other organic solvents. The content of baicalin and berberine in coprecipitated product, determined by HPLC, were 23.08% and 26.75%, but the content of active ingredients in supernatant were 0.66% and 0.26%, respectively. The dissolution profile of baicalin of coprecipitated product was increased more than extract of Scutellariae Radix in artificial gastric juice, but was decreased in artificial intestinal juice. The dissolution rate of berberine of coprecipitated product was lower than extract of Coptidis Rhizoma in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice commonly.