• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3981-3990
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Jordan. Current efforts are focused on annual campaigns aimed at increasing awareness about breast cancer and encouraging women to conduct mammogram screening. In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, there is a need to evaluate current mammography screening uptake and its predictors, assess women's knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer and screening mammograms and to identify barriers to this preventive service. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six governorates in Jordan through face-to-face interviews on a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years. Results: A total of 507 participants with mean age of $46.8{\pm}7.8$ years were interviewed. There was low participation rate in early detection of breast cancer practices. Breast self-examination, doctor examination and periodic mammography screening were reported by 34.9%, 16.8% and 8.6% of study participants, respectively. Additionally 3.8% underwent breast cancer screening at least once but not periodically, while 87.6% had never undergone mammography screening. Reported reasons for conducting the screening were: perceived benefit (50%); family history of breast cancer (23.1%); perceived severity (21.2%); and advice from friend or family member (5.8%). City residents have shown higher probability of undergoing mammogram than those who live in towns or villages. Results revealed negative perceptions and limited knowledge of study participants on breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The most commonly reported barriers for women who never underwent screening were: fear of results (63.8%); no support from surrounding environment (59.7); cost of the test (53.4%); and religious belief, i.e. Qadaa Wa Qadar (51.1%). Conclusions: In the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of this preventive service is very low. It is essential for the country of Jordan to work on applying regular systematic mammography screening for breast cancer. Additionally, there is a need for improvement in the current health promotion programmes targeting breast cancer screening. Other areas that could be targeted in future initiatives in this field include access to screening in rural areas and removal of current barriers.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

Existing agricultural reservoirs are considered as alternative source for the water welfare of rural area. In this study, domestic water supply potential of 476 reservoirs, which has storage capacity more than one million cubic meter, out of 3,377 agricultural reservoirs managed by Korean Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were investigated. Among them water quality of 136 reservoirs met the criteria of domestic water source which show less than COD 3 ppm. Available amount for domestic water of reservoirs, which meet the water quality, for ten year return period of drought was analyzed with reservoir water balance model. The results showed that 116 reservoirs has potential for supplementary domestic water supply while satisfying irrigation water supply. Finally, economic analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index (PI) methods was also conducted. The analysis showed that 19 reservoirs satisfied economic feasibility when water is provided from reservoir outlet but only 9 reservoirs meet the economic feasibility if water delivered from a reservoir to treatment plant by newly built conveyance canal. In order to supply the domestic water through the agricultural reservoirs managed by KRC, it is necessary to flexibly interpret and operate the 'Rearrangement of Agricultural and Fishing village Act'. Also, it is reasonable to participate in the water service business when there is a supply request from other Ministries. In addition, the KRC requires further effort to change the crop system for saving water and improve efficiency of irrigation systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

배경: 상대정맥을 침범한 흉부 종양의 수술은 종양의 병기가 진행된 상태로 인하여 수술적 치료에 대한 보고가 흔하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 상대정맥 침범 종양의 수술적 치료 결과에 대한 후향적 고찰을 시행하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 5월부터 2009년 5월까지 상대정맥을 침범한 흉부 종양으로 본원에서 상대정맥의 부분 혹은 완전 절제술을 받은 환자 18명을 대상으로 하였고 성별은 남자 10명, 여자 8명, 수술 당시 평균 연령은 56.6세였다. 결과: 수술 방법은 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)도관을 이용한 재건술이 9예, 일차봉합이 6예, 첩포 성형술이 3예에서 시행되었다. 재원기간 중앙값은 14.5일(6~61), 추적 관찰기간 중앙값은 23개월(1~88)이었다. 전체 악성 종양 환자의 3년 생존율은 58.0%, 생존기간의 중앙값은 24.5개월이었다. 폐암, 종격동 종양에 따른 생존율과 무병율의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 상대정맥 재건술을 시행한 환자 중 1명에서 주도관인 상대정맥 도관의 폐쇄가 발생하였고 3명에서 부도관인 무명정맥 도관의 폐쇄가 발생하였다. 결론: 상대정맥을 침범한 폐암과 종격동 종양은 수술적 절제로 효과적으로 치료될 수 있었으며, 여러 가지 수술 후 합병증에도 불구하고 좋은 장기 생존율을 보여 이러한 환자 군에서 적극적인 수술적 치료가 고려되어야 한다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.677-683
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• 2009

메이-터너 증후군은 좌측 장골정맥이 우측 총장골동맥에 눌러져 발생하는 장골-대퇴정맥의 심부정맥 혈전증이다. 비록 카테터를 이용한 혈전제거 술과 혈전용해 및 스텐트 삽입술이, 기술적 수월함과 낮은 재발율로 인해 급성기 혹은 아급성기의 메이-터너 증후군 환자들에게 보편적인 치료법으로 인식되고 있지만 일부 환자에서는 치명적인 합병증을 일으킬 수 있다. 더군다나 만성 메이-터너 증후군 환자에서의 궁극적인 적절한 치료법은 아직 정립되어 있지 않다. 저자들은 2예의 만성 메이-터너 증후군 환자에서 혈관 내 치료법 실패 후 수술적 혈전제거 술과 스텐트 삽관술, 동정맥루 조성술을 적용하였다. 이러한 수술적 치료법은 일부 혈관 내 치료가 적응증이 될 수 없는 환자에게 유의한 치료법으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2006

본 실험은 초고압 동결 처리 방법에 의한 돈육의 특성을 대기압 동결 처리와 비교하기 위하여 시행되었다. 본 실험의 결과에 의하면, PSF은 높은 압력 범위에서는 효과적인 잠열의 제거에 기인하여 조직 내 작고 균일한 얼음 결정을 형성함으로써 식품의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있지만, 100 MPa의 mild pressure 범위 조건에서는 그 효과가 미약하거나 오히려 식품에 악영향을 나타낼 수 있었다. 반면에 높은 압력 범위의 PAF은 돈육의 연도 증가 및 심한 변색에 기인하여 육질을 저하시킬 수 있었지만, 본 실험에서 사용한 압력 범위에서는 잠열의 감소에 의하여 PSF보다 따른 동결이 가능하여 효과적인 동결 처리 방법으로 판단되었고, 결국 초고압 동결처리는 압력의 범위에 따라 응용 방법을 적정하게 사용함으로서 식품의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2018

Purpose: It has been reported that the survival of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is better in East Asia countries than in developed western countries; however, the prognosis of LAGC remains poor. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of perioperative chemotherapy on the long-term survival of East Asia patients with LAGC. Materials and Methods: From October 2006 through August 2008, 43 patients with LAGC received perioperative S-1 combined with weekly docetaxel in a phase II study (neoadjuvant group). These patients were matched using propensity scores to patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy during the same period (surgery group). The surgical outcomes and long-term survivals were compared between the 2 groups. Results: After matching, 43 and 86 patients were included in the neoadjuvant and surgery groups, respectively, and there was no significant difference in their baseline characteristics. Although the operating time was longer in the neoadjuvant group, there was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the 2 groups. The neoadjuvant group had a significantly higher 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (73.3% vs. 51.1%, P=0.005) and a trend towards higher 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) (62.8% vs. 49.9%, P=0.145). In the multivariate analysis, perioperative chemotherapy was an independent factor for OS, with a hazard ratio of 0.4 (P=0.005) and a marginal effect on the PFS (P=0.054). Conclusions: Perioperative chemotherapy was associated with better long-term survival without increasing postoperative complications in the setting of D2 surgery for patients with LAGC, suggesting that perioperative chemotherapy can be a therapeutic option in East Asia countries.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2006

Purpose: Various postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens have been proposed for the patients with advanced gastric cancer. The majority of clinical trials have shown no significant difference in the survival benefit. The aim of this study was to compare the survival rates of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapies used in stage III gastric cancer patients who received curative gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Between 1990 and 1999, a survival analysis was performed in 260 patients who received curative gastric resection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients were divided into four groups according to the chemotherapeutic regimens received. The groups were: the F group: furtulon alone, FM group: furtulon and mitomycin, FAM group: 5-FU, adriamycin and mitomycin, FLEP group: 5-FU, leucovorin, etoposide and cisplatin. The survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: There were no differences among the groups of patients with regard to tumor characteristics except for lymph node metastasis and the ratio of metastasis to lymph nodes. In the FLEP group, the ratio of metastasis to lymph nodes was higher than in the other groups. The five and ten year survival rates of F, FM, FAM and FLEP were 51.9%, 28.9%, 59.5%, 49.8%, 66.1%, 57.4% and 30.0%, 27.5%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that age, Borrmann type, lymph node metastasis, ratio of metastasis to lymph nodes, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and recurrence were significant factors for survival. For the multivariate analysis, recurrence, age, Borrmann type, ratio of lymph node metastasis and lymph node dissection were independent prognostic factors; however, the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: The FAM regimen was the most beneficial postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for improved survival rates; the FM regimen was the second and the FLEP regimen was the last. In order to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer, well designed prospective studies including a surgery only group will be needed.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2000

환경기초시설의 성공적인 민영화를 위하여 환경보전이라는 사회적 동기와 이윤추구라는 기업의 경제적 동기를 동시에 만족시킬수 있는 정책이 필요하다. 환경기초시설은 영리목적이 아니므로 양질의 환경서비스를 달성하기위한 민간경영마인드를 도입하여야 할 것이다. 외국사례를 보면 지역의 안정된 경제적 바탕 위에 철저한 경쟁을 통해 비용우위의 사업자를 선택하여 민영화를 실시하였다. 따라서, 민 관의 협력과 업무분담이 효율적이었고, 이를 위해서는 무엇보다도 지자체의 독립적 예산 마련이 필수적임을 알 수 있었다 그러나 국내 환경기초시설의 중요한 문제점으로 운영관리상의 낮은 효율과 기술적용에 있어 국산화율이 50%로 정부국고를 낭비하는 등 해결해야할 문제점이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 해결하기 위해 민자유치촉진법 미비점 보완, 시범 민영화 플랜트 운영과 효율적인 민영화를 위한 연구사업 추진, 외국의 사례연구 및 현장시찰, 환경기초시설을 지방자치의 경영수익사업으로서 확대발전을 통한 환경예산의 관리 및 지원체계를 마련하는 방안을 강구할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5691-5696
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• 2014

Background: Many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate sorafenib for the treatment of advanced NSCLC, but the results for efficacy have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients with advanced NSCLC in more detail by meta-analysis. Methods: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed after searching PubMed, EMBASE, ASCO Abstracts, ESMO Abstracts, and the proceedings of major conferences for relevant clinical trials. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the trials. Outcomes analysis were disease control rate (DCR), progression- free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and major toxicity. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to sorafenib monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy or EGFR-TKI to investigate the preferred therapy strategy. Results: Results reported from 6 RCTs involving 2, 748 patients were included in the analysis. Compared to sorafenib-free group, SBT was not associated with higher DCR (RR 1.31 (0.96- 1.79), p=0.09), PFS (HR 0.82 (0.66-1.02), p=0.07) and OS (HR 1.01 (0.92-1.12), p=0.77). In terms of subgroup results, sorafenib monotherapy was associated with significant superior DCR and longer PFS, but failed to show advantage with regard to OS. Grade 3 or greater sorafenib-related adverse events included fatigue, hypertension, diarrhea, oral mucositis, rash and HFSR. Conclusions: SBT was revealed to yield no improvement in DCR, PFS and OS. However, sorafenib as monotherapy showed some activity in NSCLC. Further evaluation may be considered in subsets of patients who may benefit from this treatment. Sorafenib combined inhibition therapy should be limited unless the choice of platinum-doublet regimen, administration sequence or identification of predictive biomarkers are considered to receive better anti-tumor activity and prevention of resistance mechanisms.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2000

피부는 인체의 표면을 보호하는 중요한 기관으로 피부가 손상되었을 경우 상처 재생은 염증기, 상피화기, 수복기의 정상적인 재생 단계를 거치며 치유된다 최근 저강도 레이저의 생물학적 효과로서 상처 재생과의 밀접한 관련성이 알려지고 있다. 본 연구는 저강도 레이저가 상처 재생에 미치는 유의한 효과를 세포 형태학적으로 확인하기 위해 실험적으로 유도한 가토 피부 상처 (2$\times$2 cm)에 12일 동안 5 Hz, 830 nm, 1.6 J/$cm^2$의 자극강도 (10 min/day)로 상처면에 레이저를 적용한 결과, 다음과 같은 곁과를 얻었다. 레이저 조사군의 경우 결합조직의 수복과 상피의 재형성이 대조군과 비교했을 매우 빠르게 진행되는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 특히 섬유아세포의 활성과 육아조직 합성율이 유의하게 증가되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구 곁과를 종합해 달 때 유효한 치료강도의 저강도 레이저 자극은 피부의 개방성 창상 및 욕창 등의 상처 치유를 촉진할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.