• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

Population ageing and the disabled population is increasing. so disabled population and elderly people in the physical environment for Barrier-Free recently has been getting attention. according to a recent welfare paradigm shift of life support promoting for the housing remodeling. but basic remodeling made of simple living environment improvement and facilities installation for the type of disability customised housing remodeling. efficient housing remodeling plan for remodeling before and after through change the safety accidents occurred ratio. living environment for the improvement of housing and reconstruction for the benefit of comprehensively considering for disability subject in Indoor living type and the type of disability, housing type etc. and personalize house was remodeling for corresponding each space problem for identify obstacles and living types. as a result satisfaction changes & safety accident rate changes as follow. first, have complained that there was a in to residents environment furniture for reconstruction of the former housing remodeling needs survey. 80.2% of total for the percentage of households with high needs remodeling. second, The survey did not meet the 29 furniture as after the construction for died about recipient & up sticks & long absence. this leave out after the safety accident Corporation about 101 housing in the 88% of households did not happen. as a result, the lower the ratio of safety accidents occurring very revealed. third, grasp the meaning for indoor living type. showed that each approach(83%), front porch(90%), kitchen, living room(91%), bedroom(93%), toilet(92%) for each space remodeling satisfaction flow through customized housing remodeling.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권10호
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2018

For saving electricity bill, energy storage system(ESS) is being installed in factories, public building and commercial building with a Time-of-Use(TOU) tariff which consists of demand charge(KRW/kW) and energy charge(KRW/kWh). However, both of peak reduction and ESS special tariff are not considered in an analysis of initial cost payback period(ICPP) on ESS. Since it is difficult to reflect base rate by an amount of uncertain peak demand reduction during mid-peak and on-peak periods in the future days. Therefore, the ICPP on ESS can be increased. Based on this background, this paper presents the advanced analysis method for the ICPP on ESS. In the proposed algorithm, the representative days of monthly electricity consumption pattern for the amount of peak reduction can be found by the k­means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the total expected energy costs of representative days are minimized by optimal daily ESS operation considering both peak reduction and the special tariff through a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). And then, the amount of peak reduction becomes a value that the sum of the expected energy costs for 12 months is maximum. The annual benefit cost is decided by the amount of annual peak reduction. Two simulation cases are considered in this study, which one only considers the special tariff and another considers both of the special tariff and amount of peak reduction. The ICPP in the proposed method is shortened by 18 months compared to the conventional method.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2013

Current principles of designating a smoking area within a non-smoking area rely on mere compartmentalization. This causes non-smokers aversion against smokers and smokers complaints about anti-smoking policies, which means both of them are not satisfied with the current scheme. In addition, such a system, far from the original intent of the law, does not provide appropriate respect for people's rights. The biggest problem of the current scheme is that smoking areas are not separated from non-smoking areas. Japan has continued installing independent smoking areas since 2002 and witnessed a decrease in the smoking rate. The country's success is attributable to: the state's active intervention in connection with enterprises; continuous environmental improvements and creation of goods; 'smoking etiquette' campaigns; and the sociality and group consciousness of Japanese people. It is recognized that the synergy of the designation of independent smoking areas and such multi-faceted efforts has led to the nation's accomplishment. Hence, it is required to install independent smoking areas in non-smoking areas in Seoul in order to respect the rights of smokers and non-smokers and resolve conflicts between them. It is not suitable to merely model after Japan's case, however, studies and guidelines that are tailored to Korea's own environment and social atmosphere are required. To ensure that the people recognize the necessity for smoking areas, a social consensus is formed and proper smoking areas are established in a systemic manner, a system for that purpose should connote a symbol of the social consensus and consequent guidelines should take physical elements, human activities and semantic assignment into consideration. This study aims to present basic guidelines to install separated smoking areas, which will keep distance between smokers and non-smokers, form a social consensus and establish a sound smoking culture. These would ensure that the rights of both smokers and non-smokers are fully respected and that government policies are trusted by the people.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2007

A sensitive, simple and highly selective liquid chromatography method of determination for extraction of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride from Allegra D tablet was developed. The chief benefit of the present method is the minimal sample preparation, as the procedure is only filtering through pore syringe filter. Two drugs (pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, fexofenadine) were separated on a C$_{18}$ column and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The method had a chromatographic run time of 8.0 min. 1 ml of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride solution (1 mg/ml) was filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter. 50 ul of filtering solution was injected to HPLC pump and we knew the retention time (1.85 min) of separating of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride using UV detector at 280 nm. We used C$_{18}$ column (4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm), mobile phase solution (<0.05 mol/L NaH$_2$PO$_4$, 2 ml/L H$_3$PO$_4$>/CH$_3$CN / sodium dodesyl sulfate = 60 ml / 40 ml / 1 g). We separated psedoephedrine hydrochloride at run time of 1.85 min from Allegra D tablet solution (1 mg/ml) filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter using UV detector at 280 nm. Flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min and the column temperature was set at 40$^{\circ}C$. Psedoephedrine hydrochloride solution (1 mg/ml) separated from Allegra D tablet was filtered through 0.22 um pore syringe filter and injected 50 ul. We confirmed the peak of psedoephedrine hydrochloride at same retention time and the separating solution was freeze-dried. In conclusion, A simple isocratic reverse-phase HPLC method has been developed that provides excellent separation of pseudoephedrine from Allegra D tablet.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2016

The amount of groundwater related data is drastically increasing domestically from various sources since 2000. To justify the more expansive continuation of the data acquisition and to derive valuable implications from the data, continued employments of sophisticated and state-of-the-arts statistical tools in the analyses and predictions are important issue. In the present study, we employed a well established machine learning technique of Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model in the trend analyses of groundwater level for the long-term change. The major benefit of GPR model is that the model provide not only the future predictions but also the associated uncertainty. In the study, the long-term predictions of groundwater level from the stations of National Groundwater Monitoring Network located within Han River Basin were exemplified as prediction cases based on the GPR model. In addition, a few types of groundwater change patterns were delineated (i.e., increasing, decreasing, and no trend) on the basis of the statistics acquired from GPR analyses. From the study, it was found that the majority of the monitoring stations has decreasing trend while small portion shows increasing or no trend. To further analyze the causes of the trend, the corresponding precipitation data were jointly analyzed by the same method (i.e., GPR). Based on the analyses, the major cause of decreasing trend of groundwater level is attributed to reduction of precipitation rate whereas a few of the stations show weak relationship between the pattern of groundwater level changes and precipitation.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2008

Medical verification of cancer diagnosis in insurance claims is a very important procedure in insurance administrations. Claims staffs are in need of medical experts' opinions about claim administration. This procedure is called medical claim review (MCR) and is composed of verification and advice. MCR verification evaluates the insured’s physical condition by medical records and compares it with product coverage. It is divided into assessment of living assurance benefit, verification of cancer, and assessment of the cause of death. Actually cancer verification of MCR is applicable to coding because the risk ratio in product development is usually coded data. There are some confusing neoplastic diseases in assessing the verification of cancer. This article reviews gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue tumors (MALToma) of the stomach. The second most common group of stromal or mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract is GIST. Nowadays there are many articles about the pathophysiology of GIST. However there are few confirmative theories except molecular cell biology of KIT mutation and some tyrosine kinase. Therefore, coding the GIST, which has previously been classified as an intermediate risk group according to NIH2001 criteria, for cancer verification of MCR is suitable for D37.1; neoplasm of uncertain or unknown behavior of digestive organs and the stomach. The gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. B-cell lymphomas of the MALT type, now called extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type in the REAL/WHO classification, are the most common primary gastric lymphomas worldwide. Its characteristics are as follows. First, it is different from traditional stomach cancers such as gastric adenocarcinoma. Second, the primary therapy of MALToma is the eradication of H. pylori by antibiotics and the remission rate is over 80%. Third, it has a different clinical course compared to traditional malignant lymphoma. Someone insisted that cancer verification is not possible for the above reasons. However, there have been findings on pathologic mechanism, and according to WHO classification, MALToma is classified into malignant B-cell lymphoma and it must be verified as malignancy in MCR.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 1996

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants and amino acid with buffalo rat liver cell(BRLC), bovine oviductal epithelial cell(BOEC) and STOC monolayers in supporting the development of in vitro matured(IVM) and in vitro fertilized(IVF) bovine oocytes. Bovine embryos developed to the 2~8 cell stage after in vitro fertilization were cultured for 5 to 6 days at 39$^{\circ}C$ in CR1aa containing antioxidants and amino acids with various somatic cells. Embryo development was examined and cell numbers of blastocysts were counted by fluorescence staining method. In experiment 1, the proportion of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage in control, catalase(250U), SOD(600U), glutathione(100$\mu$M) and taurine(2.5mM) with BRLC were 11.4, 8, 0, 16.7 and 43.4 respectively. Taurine(2.5mM) with BRLC group was significantly the highest among treatments(P<0.05). In experiment 2, in vitro development rate into blastocyst in control, catalase(250U), SOD(600U), glutathione(100$\mu$M) and taurine(2.5mM) with BOEC were 15.8, 23.5, 22.8, 28.6 and 56.9 respectively. In experiment 3, embryonic development in all treatments as control, catalase(250U), SOD(600U), glutathione(100$\mu$M) and taurine(2.5mM) added to CR1aa with STO cells were 23.5, 24.5, 17.0, 28.8 and 50.0 blastocysts. These results show that antioxidants and amino acids with somatic cells can provide a significant benefit for coculture of early bovine embryos derived from IVM and IVF.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 MPEG-4부호화기에서 인트라 프레임의 양자화 레벨을 구하는 방법을 제안한다. 인트라 프레임은 GOP 내에서 참조 프레임으로써 다른 프레임에 계속 전파되므로 이 프레임의 성능에 의해 전체 GOP의 성능이 크게 영향을 받을 만큼 중요한 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 인트라 프레임 의 양자화 레벨을 효과적으로 구할 수 있도록 할당된 비트 수와 입력되는 영상의 복잡도, 그리고 GOP의 구조를 이용하는 방법을 제안한다 실험 결과에서는 기존의 방법들이 고정된 값을 사용하여 효율이 저하되거나 영상의 특성에 따라 상이한 성능을 보이는데 비하여 본 논문의 방법은 다양한 영상에 대하여 안정된 결과를 보였다. 제안한 방법을 MPEG-4검증모델에서 선택한 Q2 알고리듬과 비교할 때 영상의 특성에 따라 조금씩의 차이는 있지만 높은 비트 율에서 최대 3.49dB 정도의 높은 이득을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2006

Objective : The goal of this study was to establish the benefit and prognostic factors of lumbar medial branch block[MBB] for low back pain. Methods : A retrospective analysis was based on the data obtained from 281 patients with low back pain, who visited our hospital between January 2001 and November 2004. Pain relief was evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months. The authors analyzed the results of MBB according to the patient's age, sex, symptom duration, pathologic condition, and presence of radiating pain. Results : Two hundred eighty one patients had sprain [151]. lumbar fracture [27], spinal stenosis [50], herniated lumbar disc [24] acute post-operative pain [8], and chronic post-operative pain [21] with success rate of 63.6%, 59.3%, 26.0%, 25.0%, 87.5% and 42.9%, respectively. The effects of MBB in sprain, lumbar fracture, and acute post-operative pain were significantly better than those in stenosis, herniated lumbar disc and chronic post-operative pain patients. The patients in young age group [<60 years], with short symptom duration [<6 months] and without radiating pain showed good response to lumbar MBB. Conclusion : The lumbar MBB appears to be safe and effective for low back pain in certain selected patients. Good prognostic factors were low back pain without surgical conditions and radiating pain, with short symptom duration [<6 months], and in relatively young age [<60 years] group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2237-2243
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• 2015

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in Dukes C colon cancers post-curative resection. However, the evidence for a role with Dukes B lesions remains unproven despite frequent use for disease characterized by poor prognostic features. In view of limited Asia-specific data, this study aimed to determine survival outcomes and identify prognostic factors in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A total of 116 subjects who underwent curative surgery with and without adjuvant chemotherapy for Duke B and C primary colon adenocarcinomas diagnosed from 2004-2009 were recruited and data were collected retrospectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. Prognostic factors were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression with both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The survival analysis demonstrated a 5-year OS of 74.0% for all patients, with 74.9% for Dukes C subjects receiving chemotherapy compared to 28.6% in those not receiving chemotherapy (p=0.001). For Dukes B disease, the 5-year survival rate was 82.6% compared to 75.0% for subjects receiving and not receiving chemotherapy, respectively (p=0.17). Independent prognostic factors identified included a CEA level more than 3.5 ng/ml (hazard ratio (HR)=4.78; p=0.008), serosal involvement (HR=3.75; p=0.028) and completion of chemotherapy (HR= 0.20; p=0.007). Conclusions: In a regional context, this study supports current evidence from the West that adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in Dukes C colon cancers post curative surgery. However, although a clear benefit has yet to be proven for Dukes B disease, our results suggest survival improvement in selected cases.